草业学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (11): 191-202.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2020414
• 研究论文 • 上一篇
李雄雄1(), 焦婷1(), 赵生国2, 秦伟娜1, 高雪梅1, 王正文2, 吴建平3, 雷赵民2
收稿日期:
2020-09-14
修回日期:
2020-11-04
出版日期:
2021-10-19
发布日期:
2021-10-19
通讯作者:
焦婷
作者简介:
Corresponding author. E-mail: jiaoting207@126.com基金资助:
Xiong-xiong LI1(), Ting JIAO1(), Sheng-guo ZHAO2, Wei-na QIN1, Xue-mei GAO1, Zheng-wen WANG2, Jian-ping WU3, Zhao-min LEI2
Received:
2020-09-14
Revised:
2020-11-04
Online:
2021-10-19
Published:
2021-10-19
Contact:
Ting JIAO
摘要:
试验选用5只10月龄左右体重约(45±5) kg且安装有永久瘤胃瘘管的健康公羊(小尾寒羊♂×本地绵羊♀的杂交2代)作为试验动物,通过瘤胃瘘管投饲4种添加剂:载体(Car)、载体+牛至精油(CarEO)、载体+有机钴(CarCo)和载体+精油+有机钴(CarEOC)于不同绵羊瘤胃中,同时以不加任何添加剂作为对照(CK),即5个处理,对应5只羊。采用拉丁方设计,进行5轮试验。采用尼龙袋法测定瘤胃内青贮玉米秸秆降解0、6、12、24及48 h营养品质动态变化,并探究不同添加剂对绵羊瘤胃发酵特性的影响。结果表明:各处理组青贮玉米秸秆干物质降解率(DMD)、粗蛋白降解率(CPD)、中性洗涤纤维降解率(NDFD)和酸性洗涤纤维降解率(ADFD)均随瘤胃降解时间的延长而增加,且在48 h时达到最大。48 h添加CarEOC青贮玉米秸秆NDFD和ADFD均高于CK,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。与CK相比,添加CarEO、CarCo和CarEOC后青贮玉米秸秆DMD均有所提高,48 h时添加CarEOC后DMD和CPD分别较CK提高了3.33% 和3.89%,且24和48 h时CPD在CarEOC处理组与CK之间差异显著(P<0.05)。各添加剂处理对绵羊瘤胃液pH无显著影响(P>0.05),但添加CarEOC后瘤胃液pH和氨态氮(NH3-N)呈现出先降低后升高的趋势,而添加CarEO后NH3-N变化不明显。添加CarEO与CarEOC后瘤胃液总挥发性脂肪酸、乙酸、丙酸和丁酸均表现出先升高后降低的趋势,尤其添加CarEOC后表现明显,说明添加CarEO与CarEOC有利于瘤胃微生物活动,促进了瘤胃发酵。本试验添加Car后瘤胃降解指标和发酵指标在各时间与CK之间均无显著差异(P>0.05)。经灰色关联综合分析,青贮玉米秸秆在瘤胃内的降解品质和发酵特性的关联值表现为CarEOC>CarCo>CarEO>Car>CK,说明CarEOC可促进绵羊瘤胃内纤维类化合物的降解,可作为促进绵羊高效利用粗饲料资源的绿色饲料添加剂在生产实践中推广使用。
李雄雄, 焦婷, 赵生国, 秦伟娜, 高雪梅, 王正文, 吴建平, 雷赵民. 牛至精油与有机钴协同对青贮玉米秸秆降解及绵羊瘤胃发酵特性的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2021, 30(11): 191-202.
Xiong-xiong LI, Ting JIAO, Sheng-guo ZHAO, Wei-na QIN, Xue-mei GAO, Zheng-wen WANG, Jian-ping WU, Zhao-min LEI. Synergistic effect of oregano essential oil and organic cobalt on degradation characteristics of silage maize stalks and rumen fermentation of sheep[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2021, 30(11): 191-202.
配方组成Formula composition | 比例Proportion (%) | 营养水平Nutritional level | 含量Content |
---|---|---|---|
玉米Corn | 38 | 干物质Dry matter (%) | 86.0 |
玉米胚芽粕Corn germ meal | 20 | 消化能Digestive energy (MJ·kg-1) | 14.23 |
玉米芯粉Corn cob flour | 9 | 代谢能Metabolizable energy (MJ·kg-1) | 11.67 |
稻壳粉Rice husk powder | 8 | 钙Calcium (%) | 4.3 |
喷浆玉米皮Sprayed corn husk | 6 | 磷Phosphorus (%) | 1.9 |
玉米皮Corn husk | 5 | 粗蛋白Crude protein (%) | 9.4 |
棉粕Cotton meal | 3 | ||
菜粕Rapeseed meal | 2 | ||
豆粕Soybean meal | 3.5 | ||
豆皮Bean curd | 3.5 | ||
预混料添加剂Premix additives | 1 | ||
食盐Salt | 1 | ||
总计Total | 100 |
表1 试验饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)
Table 1 Composition and nutritional level of the experiment diets (air drying basis)
配方组成Formula composition | 比例Proportion (%) | 营养水平Nutritional level | 含量Content |
---|---|---|---|
玉米Corn | 38 | 干物质Dry matter (%) | 86.0 |
玉米胚芽粕Corn germ meal | 20 | 消化能Digestive energy (MJ·kg-1) | 14.23 |
玉米芯粉Corn cob flour | 9 | 代谢能Metabolizable energy (MJ·kg-1) | 11.67 |
稻壳粉Rice husk powder | 8 | 钙Calcium (%) | 4.3 |
喷浆玉米皮Sprayed corn husk | 6 | 磷Phosphorus (%) | 1.9 |
玉米皮Corn husk | 5 | 粗蛋白Crude protein (%) | 9.4 |
棉粕Cotton meal | 3 | ||
菜粕Rapeseed meal | 2 | ||
豆粕Soybean meal | 3.5 | ||
豆皮Bean curd | 3.5 | ||
预混料添加剂Premix additives | 1 | ||
食盐Salt | 1 | ||
总计Total | 100 |
处理Treatment | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Run1 | CK | Car | CarEO | CarCo | CarEOC |
Run2 | CarEO | CK | CarEOC | Car | CarCo |
Run3 | CarEOC | CarCo | CK | CarEO | Car |
Run4 | CarCo | CarEOC | Car | CK | CarEO |
Run5 | Car | CarEO | CarCo | CarEOC | CK |
表 2 试验设计
Table 2 Design of the experment
处理Treatment | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Run1 | CK | Car | CarEO | CarCo | CarEOC |
Run2 | CarEO | CK | CarEOC | Car | CarCo |
Run3 | CarEOC | CarCo | CK | CarEO | Car |
Run4 | CarCo | CarEOC | Car | CK | CarEO |
Run5 | Car | CarEO | CarCo | CarEOC | CK |
项目 Items | 时间 Time (h) | 处理Treatments | 原样 Original sample | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
对照组 Control group (CK) | 载体 Carrier (Car) | 载体+牛至精油 Carrier+essential oil (CarEO) | 载体+有机钴 Carrier+cobalt (CarCo) | 载体+牛至精油+有机钴 Carrier+essential oil+cobalt (CarEOC) | |||
粗蛋白 CP | 6 | 4.59±0.16Aa | 4.41±0.10Aa | 4.42±0.13Aa | 4.51±0.10Ba | 4.49±0.15Aa | 5.38 |
12 | 4.65±0.19Aa | 4.46±0.09Aa | 4.39±0.18Aa | 4.52±0.10Ba | 4.62±0.07Aa | ||
24 | 4.67±0.16Aab | 4.22±0.26Ab | 5.14±0.47Aa | 4.62±0.37Aab | 4.92±0.29Aa | ||
48 | 4.52±0.18Abc | 4.34±0.33Ac | 4.56±0.24Abc | 4.62±0.30Aa | 4.62±0.14Aa | ||
中性洗涤纤维 NDF | 6 | 55.54±3.50Bab | 63.24±1.81Aa | 57.23±2.96Bab | 57.29±4.43Aab | 52.57±4.25Bb | 46.11 |
12 | 60.06±2.77ABa | 64.94±1.37Aa | 57.85±3.93Ba | 62.80±3.46Aa | 57.31±4.24Ba | ||
24 | 59.19±5.51ABa | 62.89±4.01Aa | 57.25±3.43Ba | 62.26±5.11Aa | 59.18±4.85ABa | ||
48 | 69.88±0.74Aa | 69.08±0.60Aa | 69.86±1.25Aa | 69.63±1.43Aa | 72.31±3.28Aa | ||
酸性洗涤纤维 ADF | 6 | 33.25±2.19Cab | 39.53±2.09Aa | 34.17±1.64Bab | 34.59±2.61Bab | 30.83±2.53Cb | 24.15 |
12 | 36.47±1.87BCab | 40.17±0.64Aa | 34.90±2.25Bab | 37.21±2.10ABab | 34.44±2.21BCb | ||
24 | 41.79±1.17ABa | 38.35±2.63Aa | 35.23±2.27Ba | 38.45±2.76ABa | 39.05±3.01ABa | ||
48 | 43.04±0.86Aab | 42.83±0.55Ab | 42.66±0.59Ab | 43.22±0.39Aab | 45.28±1.49Aa |
表3 不同添加剂处理下青贮玉米秸秆营养成分含量
Table 3 Nutrient content of silage corn stalk under different additives (%)
项目 Items | 时间 Time (h) | 处理Treatments | 原样 Original sample | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
对照组 Control group (CK) | 载体 Carrier (Car) | 载体+牛至精油 Carrier+essential oil (CarEO) | 载体+有机钴 Carrier+cobalt (CarCo) | 载体+牛至精油+有机钴 Carrier+essential oil+cobalt (CarEOC) | |||
粗蛋白 CP | 6 | 4.59±0.16Aa | 4.41±0.10Aa | 4.42±0.13Aa | 4.51±0.10Ba | 4.49±0.15Aa | 5.38 |
12 | 4.65±0.19Aa | 4.46±0.09Aa | 4.39±0.18Aa | 4.52±0.10Ba | 4.62±0.07Aa | ||
24 | 4.67±0.16Aab | 4.22±0.26Ab | 5.14±0.47Aa | 4.62±0.37Aab | 4.92±0.29Aa | ||
48 | 4.52±0.18Abc | 4.34±0.33Ac | 4.56±0.24Abc | 4.62±0.30Aa | 4.62±0.14Aa | ||
中性洗涤纤维 NDF | 6 | 55.54±3.50Bab | 63.24±1.81Aa | 57.23±2.96Bab | 57.29±4.43Aab | 52.57±4.25Bb | 46.11 |
12 | 60.06±2.77ABa | 64.94±1.37Aa | 57.85±3.93Ba | 62.80±3.46Aa | 57.31±4.24Ba | ||
24 | 59.19±5.51ABa | 62.89±4.01Aa | 57.25±3.43Ba | 62.26±5.11Aa | 59.18±4.85ABa | ||
48 | 69.88±0.74Aa | 69.08±0.60Aa | 69.86±1.25Aa | 69.63±1.43Aa | 72.31±3.28Aa | ||
酸性洗涤纤维 ADF | 6 | 33.25±2.19Cab | 39.53±2.09Aa | 34.17±1.64Bab | 34.59±2.61Bab | 30.83±2.53Cb | 24.15 |
12 | 36.47±1.87BCab | 40.17±0.64Aa | 34.90±2.25Bab | 37.21±2.10ABab | 34.44±2.21BCb | ||
24 | 41.79±1.17ABa | 38.35±2.63Aa | 35.23±2.27Ba | 38.45±2.76ABa | 39.05±3.01ABa | ||
48 | 43.04±0.86Aab | 42.83±0.55Ab | 42.66±0.59Ab | 43.22±0.39Aab | 45.28±1.49Aa |
降解时间 Degradation time (h) | 处理Treatments | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
对照组 Control group (CK) | 载体 Carrier (Car) | 载体+牛至精油 Carrier+essential oil (CarEO) | 载体+有机钴 Carrier+cobalt (CarCo) | 载体+牛至精油+有机钴 Carrier+essential oil+cobalt (CarEOC) | |
6 | 52.56±2.14Ba | 54.28±1.28Aa | 53.76±1.06Ba | 53.00±1.22Ba | 49.90±1.97Bb |
12 | 52.54±1.24Ba | 54.70±0.64Aa | 53.56±0.72Ba | 53.00±1.22Ba | 53.16±1.09ABa |
24 | 55.44±0.48ABa | 55.22±0.62Aa | 54.80±1.07ABa | 55.50±0.39ABa | 55.71±1.04Aa |
48 | 55.88±0.75Aa | 56.64±0.46Aa | 56.20±0.77Aa | 56.40±1.20Aa | 57.74±1.33Aa |
表4 不同添加剂处理下DMD在瘤胃内的含量变化
Table 4 Changes of DMD content in rumen under different additive treatments (%)
降解时间 Degradation time (h) | 处理Treatments | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
对照组 Control group (CK) | 载体 Carrier (Car) | 载体+牛至精油 Carrier+essential oil (CarEO) | 载体+有机钴 Carrier+cobalt (CarCo) | 载体+牛至精油+有机钴 Carrier+essential oil+cobalt (CarEOC) | |
6 | 52.56±2.14Ba | 54.28±1.28Aa | 53.76±1.06Ba | 53.00±1.22Ba | 49.90±1.97Bb |
12 | 52.54±1.24Ba | 54.70±0.64Aa | 53.56±0.72Ba | 53.00±1.22Ba | 53.16±1.09ABa |
24 | 55.44±0.48ABa | 55.22±0.62Aa | 54.80±1.07ABa | 55.50±0.39ABa | 55.71±1.04Aa |
48 | 55.88±0.75Aa | 56.64±0.46Aa | 56.20±0.77Aa | 56.40±1.20Aa | 57.74±1.33Aa |
降解时间 Degradation time (h) | 处理Treatments | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
对照组 Control group (CK) | 载体 Carrier (Car) | 载体+牛至精油 Carrier+essential oil (CarEO) | 载体+有机钴 Carrier+cobalt (CarCo) | 载体+牛至精油+有机钴 Carrier+essential oil+cobalt (CarEOC) | |
6 | 59.54±3.74Aa | 62.21±1.86Aa | 61.52±2.04Aa | 60.90±1.16Aa | 59.18±2.74Aa |
12 | 60.60±0.62Aa | 61.95±1.43Aa | 61.24±1.96Aa | 61.13±1.45Aa | 60.26±0.83Aa |
24 | 61.48±1.72Aa | 61.50±3.82Aa | 57.52±3.72Ab | 62.45±2.53Aa | 59.28±1.38Aab |
48 | 60.45±1.70Aab | 63.85±4.56Aa | 63.60±1.94Aa | 57.90±1.74Ab | 61.80±2.47Aab |
表5 不同添加剂处理下CPD在瘤胃内的含量变化
Table 5 Changes of CPD content in rumen under different additive treatments (%)
降解时间 Degradation time (h) | 处理Treatments | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
对照组 Control group (CK) | 载体 Carrier (Car) | 载体+牛至精油 Carrier+essential oil (CarEO) | 载体+有机钴 Carrier+cobalt (CarCo) | 载体+牛至精油+有机钴 Carrier+essential oil+cobalt (CarEOC) | |
6 | 59.54±3.74Aa | 62.21±1.86Aa | 61.52±2.04Aa | 60.90±1.16Aa | 59.18±2.74Aa |
12 | 60.60±0.62Aa | 61.95±1.43Aa | 61.24±1.96Aa | 61.13±1.45Aa | 60.26±0.83Aa |
24 | 61.48±1.72Aa | 61.50±3.82Aa | 57.52±3.72Ab | 62.45±2.53Aa | 59.28±1.38Aab |
48 | 60.45±1.70Aab | 63.85±4.56Aa | 63.60±1.94Aa | 57.90±1.74Ab | 61.80±2.47Aab |
降解时间 Degradation time (h) | 处理Treatments | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
对照组 Control group (CK) | 载体 Carrier (Car) | 载体+牛至精油 Carrier+essential oil (CarEO) | 载体+有机钴 Carrier+cobalt (CarCo) | 载体+牛至精油+有机钴 Carrier+essential oil+cobalt (CarEOC) | |
6 | 41.84±3.84Aa | 42.04±3.34Aa | 41.96±2.90Aa | 42.16±1.93Aa | 40.46±2.89Ba |
12 | 40.61±2.30Aa | 42.73±1.82Aa | 41.46±2.13Aa | 41.90±1.37Aa | 43.14±2.00Ba |
24 | 46.80±1.44Aa | 46.89±1.80Aa | 42.91±2.60Aa | 44.73±1.04Aa | 46.59±0.09ABa |
48 | 49.10±1.28Aa | 48.72±2.31Aa | 48.98±2.10Aa | 51.41±2.01Aa | 52.85±1.44Aa |
表6 不同添加剂处理下NDFD在瘤胃内的含量变化
Table 6 Changes of NDFD content in rumen under different additive treatments (%)
降解时间 Degradation time (h) | 处理Treatments | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
对照组 Control group (CK) | 载体 Carrier (Car) | 载体+牛至精油 Carrier+essential oil (CarEO) | 载体+有机钴 Carrier+cobalt (CarCo) | 载体+牛至精油+有机钴 Carrier+essential oil+cobalt (CarEOC) | |
6 | 41.84±3.84Aa | 42.04±3.34Aa | 41.96±2.90Aa | 42.16±1.93Aa | 40.46±2.89Ba |
12 | 40.61±2.30Aa | 42.73±1.82Aa | 41.46±2.13Aa | 41.90±1.37Aa | 43.14±2.00Ba |
24 | 46.80±1.44Aa | 46.89±1.80Aa | 42.91±2.60Aa | 44.73±1.04Aa | 46.59±0.09ABa |
48 | 49.10±1.28Aa | 48.72±2.31Aa | 48.98±2.10Aa | 51.41±2.01Aa | 52.85±1.44Aa |
降解时间 Degradation time (h) | 处理Treatments | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
对照组 Control group (CK) | 载体 Carrier (Car) | 载体+牛至精油 Carrier+essential oil (CarEO) | 载体+有机钴 Carrier+cobalt (CarCo) | 载体+牛至精油+有机钴 Carrier+essential oil+cobalt (CarEOC) | |
6 | 33.98±6.25Aa | 31.15±3.36Aa | 34.03±5.43Aa | 32.82±3.86Aa | 32.39±4.42Ba |
12 | 31.26±1.34Aa | 32.40±0.51Aa | 32.96±1.92Aa | 34.27±1.59Aa | 35.08±2.50ABa |
24 | 36.66±1.57Aa | 38.32±1.29Aa | 34.04±1.56Aa | 35.23±0.43Aa | 36.39±0.80ABa |
48 | 39.33±1.82Aa | 38.39±1.53Aa | 40.55±1.70Aa | 41.86±2.05Aa | 41.56±2.04Aa |
表7 不同添加剂处理下ADFD在瘤胃内的含量变化
Table 7 Changes of ADFD content in rumen under different additive treatments (%)
降解时间 Degradation time (h) | 处理Treatments | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
对照组 Control group (CK) | 载体 Carrier (Car) | 载体+牛至精油 Carrier+essential oil (CarEO) | 载体+有机钴 Carrier+cobalt (CarCo) | 载体+牛至精油+有机钴 Carrier+essential oil+cobalt (CarEOC) | |
6 | 33.98±6.25Aa | 31.15±3.36Aa | 34.03±5.43Aa | 32.82±3.86Aa | 32.39±4.42Ba |
12 | 31.26±1.34Aa | 32.40±0.51Aa | 32.96±1.92Aa | 34.27±1.59Aa | 35.08±2.50ABa |
24 | 36.66±1.57Aa | 38.32±1.29Aa | 34.04±1.56Aa | 35.23±0.43Aa | 36.39±0.80ABa |
48 | 39.33±1.82Aa | 38.39±1.53Aa | 40.55±1.70Aa | 41.86±2.05Aa | 41.56±2.04Aa |
图1 不同添加剂处理下瘤胃液pH的变化同一时间点不同小写字母表示不同添加剂处理之间差异显著(P<0.05),同一添加剂下不同大写字母表示不同时间点之间差异显著(P<0.05),下同。Different lowercase letters at the same time point indicate significant differences between different additive treatments (P<0.05), and different uppercase letters under the same additive treatments indicate significant differences between different time points (P<0.05), the same below.
Fig.1 Changes in pH of rumen fluid treated with different additive treatments
项目 Items | 时间 Time (h) | 处理Treatments | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
对照组 Control group (CK) | 载体 Carrier (Car) | 载体+牛至精油 Carrier+essential oil (CarEO) | 载体+有机钴 Carrier+cobalt (CarCo) | 载体+牛至精油+有机钴 Carrier+essential oil+cobalt (CarEOC) | ||
总挥发性脂肪酸 TVFA | 0 | 162.00±12.66Aa | 150.55±8.92Aa | 137.51±10.59Ba | 145.05±3.20Ba | 152.54±9.25Aa |
6 | 158.35±2.12Aa | 165.49±6.01Aa | 125.62±2.60Bc | 148.53±5.51Bb | 151.46±2.91Ab | |
12 | 160.83±7.60Aa | 160.33±15.39Aa | 164.51±0.98Aa | 150.55±5.92ABab | 120.09±5.47Bb | |
24 | 161.38±7.59Aa | 163.19±7.83Aa | 163.43±7.08Aa | 168.21±7.92Aa | 157.72±6.61Aa | |
48 | 167.34±6.90Aa | 158.24±8.30Aab | 141.19±3.30ABb | 161.12±5.23Aab | 146.29±6.54Ab | |
乙酸 Acetate | 0 | 59.62±0.88Aa | 58.37±6.97Ba | 66.35±8.57Aa | 60.36±3.95Ba | 69.29±1.89Aa |
6 | 62.04±2.50Aab | 61.14±6.86Bab | 54.47±6.00Ab | 68.36±12.37Ba | 74.84±4.82Aa | |
12 | 74.27±6.79Aab | 75.98±4.12Aa | 66.53±8.45Ab | 72.08±1.27ABab | 71.16±2.48Aab | |
24 | 83.47±3.12Aa | 81.46±3.88Aa | 73.67±9.80Aa | 72.19±6.20ABa | 79.91±5.45Aa | |
48 | 61.20±3.09Ab | 60.24±10.65Bb | 75.64±1.34Aab | 78.83±5.10Aa | 79.18±4.69Aa | |
丙酸 Propionate | 0 | 59.38±0.89Aa | 58.38±1.88ABa | 45.99±6.88Ab | 56.55±2.23Aab | 59.16±3.67Aa |
6 | 58.79±0.41Aab | 55.27±1.98Bab | 56.73±2.71Aab | 47.65±2.18Ab | 64.14±4.65Aa | |
12 | 51.45±5.98Aa | 56.56±11.47ABa | 49.95±2.94Aa | 55.92±6.50Aa | 62.99±4.38Aa | |
24 | 60.85±4.49Aa | 60.79±0.90Aa | 59.84±6.90Aa | 54.91±7.73Aa | 64.08±5.61Aa | |
48 | 60.43±1.63Aa | 59.16±2.01ABa | 53.53±2.21Aa | 60.41±2.52Aa | 61.37±7.01Aa | |
丁酸 Butyrate | 0 | 17.56±1.71Aa | 14.64±1.43Aa | 16.79±4.56Aa | 20.63±1.50Aa | 16.18±2.26Aa |
6 | 23.03±1.70Aa | 22.80±4.65Aa | 18.19±1.33Aa | 19.33±0.57ABa | 19.74±1.12Aa | |
12 | 16.00±2.19Aab | 15.96±1.56Aab | 13.71±1.74Ab | 18.42±1.92ABa | 15.96±0.22Aab | |
24 | 19.66±2.32Aa | 19.93±1.35Aa | 18.46±1.72Aa | 18.63±0.02ABa | 20.24±2.56Aa | |
48 | 17.14±1.49Aa | 16.56±1.91Aa | 16.77±1.69Aa | 17.22±1.07Ba | 18.91±1.50Aa |
表8 不同添加剂处理下瘤胃液挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)的动态变化
Table 8 Dynamic changes of volatile fatty acids (VFA) in rumen fluid under different additives treatments (mmol·L-1)
项目 Items | 时间 Time (h) | 处理Treatments | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
对照组 Control group (CK) | 载体 Carrier (Car) | 载体+牛至精油 Carrier+essential oil (CarEO) | 载体+有机钴 Carrier+cobalt (CarCo) | 载体+牛至精油+有机钴 Carrier+essential oil+cobalt (CarEOC) | ||
总挥发性脂肪酸 TVFA | 0 | 162.00±12.66Aa | 150.55±8.92Aa | 137.51±10.59Ba | 145.05±3.20Ba | 152.54±9.25Aa |
6 | 158.35±2.12Aa | 165.49±6.01Aa | 125.62±2.60Bc | 148.53±5.51Bb | 151.46±2.91Ab | |
12 | 160.83±7.60Aa | 160.33±15.39Aa | 164.51±0.98Aa | 150.55±5.92ABab | 120.09±5.47Bb | |
24 | 161.38±7.59Aa | 163.19±7.83Aa | 163.43±7.08Aa | 168.21±7.92Aa | 157.72±6.61Aa | |
48 | 167.34±6.90Aa | 158.24±8.30Aab | 141.19±3.30ABb | 161.12±5.23Aab | 146.29±6.54Ab | |
乙酸 Acetate | 0 | 59.62±0.88Aa | 58.37±6.97Ba | 66.35±8.57Aa | 60.36±3.95Ba | 69.29±1.89Aa |
6 | 62.04±2.50Aab | 61.14±6.86Bab | 54.47±6.00Ab | 68.36±12.37Ba | 74.84±4.82Aa | |
12 | 74.27±6.79Aab | 75.98±4.12Aa | 66.53±8.45Ab | 72.08±1.27ABab | 71.16±2.48Aab | |
24 | 83.47±3.12Aa | 81.46±3.88Aa | 73.67±9.80Aa | 72.19±6.20ABa | 79.91±5.45Aa | |
48 | 61.20±3.09Ab | 60.24±10.65Bb | 75.64±1.34Aab | 78.83±5.10Aa | 79.18±4.69Aa | |
丙酸 Propionate | 0 | 59.38±0.89Aa | 58.38±1.88ABa | 45.99±6.88Ab | 56.55±2.23Aab | 59.16±3.67Aa |
6 | 58.79±0.41Aab | 55.27±1.98Bab | 56.73±2.71Aab | 47.65±2.18Ab | 64.14±4.65Aa | |
12 | 51.45±5.98Aa | 56.56±11.47ABa | 49.95±2.94Aa | 55.92±6.50Aa | 62.99±4.38Aa | |
24 | 60.85±4.49Aa | 60.79±0.90Aa | 59.84±6.90Aa | 54.91±7.73Aa | 64.08±5.61Aa | |
48 | 60.43±1.63Aa | 59.16±2.01ABa | 53.53±2.21Aa | 60.41±2.52Aa | 61.37±7.01Aa | |
丁酸 Butyrate | 0 | 17.56±1.71Aa | 14.64±1.43Aa | 16.79±4.56Aa | 20.63±1.50Aa | 16.18±2.26Aa |
6 | 23.03±1.70Aa | 22.80±4.65Aa | 18.19±1.33Aa | 19.33±0.57ABa | 19.74±1.12Aa | |
12 | 16.00±2.19Aab | 15.96±1.56Aab | 13.71±1.74Ab | 18.42±1.92ABa | 15.96±0.22Aab | |
24 | 19.66±2.32Aa | 19.93±1.35Aa | 18.46±1.72Aa | 18.63±0.02ABa | 20.24±2.56Aa | |
48 | 17.14±1.49Aa | 16.56±1.91Aa | 16.77±1.69Aa | 17.22±1.07Ba | 18.91±1.50Aa |
处理 Treatments | 干物质降解率 DMD | 粗蛋白降解率 CPD | 中性洗涤纤维降解率NDFD | 酸性洗涤纤维降解率ADFD | pH | 氨态氮 NH3-N | 总挥发性脂肪酸TVFA | 乙酸 Acetate | 丙酸 Propionate | 丁酸 Butyrate |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
对照组CK | 0.89 | 0.82 | 0.77 | 0.80 | 0.85 | 0.33 | 0.96 | 0.47 | 0.80 | 0.61 |
载体Car | 0.92 | 1.00 | 0.75 | 0.75 | 0.82 | 0.75 | 0.80 | 0.46 | 0.75 | 0.57 |
载体+牛至精油CarEO | 0.89 | 1.00 | 0.77 | 0.89 | 1.00 | 0.85 | 0.59 | 0.72 | 0.59 | 0.58 |
载体+有机钴CarCo | 0.92 | 0.72 | 0.89 | 1.00 | 0.82 | 1.00 | 0.85 | 0.80 | 0.80 | 0.61 |
载体+牛至精油+有机钴CarEOC | 1.00 | 0.89 | 1.00 | 0.96 | 0.89 | 0.59 | 0.64 | 0.82 | 0.85 | 0.77 |
表9 测定指标的关联系数
Table 9 Correlation coefficient of measurement index
处理 Treatments | 干物质降解率 DMD | 粗蛋白降解率 CPD | 中性洗涤纤维降解率NDFD | 酸性洗涤纤维降解率ADFD | pH | 氨态氮 NH3-N | 总挥发性脂肪酸TVFA | 乙酸 Acetate | 丙酸 Propionate | 丁酸 Butyrate |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
对照组CK | 0.89 | 0.82 | 0.77 | 0.80 | 0.85 | 0.33 | 0.96 | 0.47 | 0.80 | 0.61 |
载体Car | 0.92 | 1.00 | 0.75 | 0.75 | 0.82 | 0.75 | 0.80 | 0.46 | 0.75 | 0.57 |
载体+牛至精油CarEO | 0.89 | 1.00 | 0.77 | 0.89 | 1.00 | 0.85 | 0.59 | 0.72 | 0.59 | 0.58 |
载体+有机钴CarCo | 0.92 | 0.72 | 0.89 | 1.00 | 0.82 | 1.00 | 0.85 | 0.80 | 0.80 | 0.61 |
载体+牛至精油+有机钴CarEOC | 1.00 | 0.89 | 1.00 | 0.96 | 0.89 | 0.59 | 0.64 | 0.82 | 0.85 | 0.77 |
处理 Treatments | 等权关联度 Equal weight relevance | 排序 Sort | 权重系数 Weight coefficient | 加权关联度 Weighted relevance | 排序 Sort |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
对照组CK | 0.730 | 5 | 0.170 | 1.241 | 5 |
载体Car | 0.755 | 4 | 0.176 | 1.329 | 4 |
载体+牛至精油CarEO | 0.789 | 3 | 0.184 | 1.452 | 3 |
载体+有机钴CarCo | 0.841 | 2 | 0.196 | 1.650 | 2 |
载体+牛至精油+有机钴CarEOC | 0.842 | 1 | 0.196 | 1.653 | 1 |
表10 不同添加剂处理的瘤胃降解品质与发酵特征的等权关联度、加权关联度和排序
Table 10 Equal weight correlation, weighted correlation and sequencing of rumen degradation quality and fermentation characteristics treated with different additive treatments
处理 Treatments | 等权关联度 Equal weight relevance | 排序 Sort | 权重系数 Weight coefficient | 加权关联度 Weighted relevance | 排序 Sort |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
对照组CK | 0.730 | 5 | 0.170 | 1.241 | 5 |
载体Car | 0.755 | 4 | 0.176 | 1.329 | 4 |
载体+牛至精油CarEO | 0.789 | 3 | 0.184 | 1.452 | 3 |
载体+有机钴CarCo | 0.841 | 2 | 0.196 | 1.650 | 2 |
载体+牛至精油+有机钴CarEOC | 0.842 | 1 | 0.196 | 1.653 | 1 |
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