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草业学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (11): 191-202.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2020414

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    

牛至精油与有机钴协同对青贮玉米秸秆降解及绵羊瘤胃发酵特性的影响

李雄雄1(), 焦婷1(), 赵生国2, 秦伟娜1, 高雪梅1, 王正文2, 吴建平3, 雷赵民2   

  1. 1.甘肃农业大学草业学院,草业生态系统教育部重点实验室,中-美草地畜牧业可持续发展研究中心,甘肃 兰州 730070
    2.甘肃农业大学动物科学技术学院,甘肃 兰州 730070
    3.甘肃省农业科学院,甘肃 兰州 730070
  • 收稿日期:2020-09-14 修回日期:2020-11-04 出版日期:2021-10-19 发布日期:2021-10-19
  • 通讯作者: 焦婷
  • 作者简介:Corresponding author. E-mail: jiaoting207@126.com
    李雄雄(1995-),女,甘肃定西人,在读硕士。E-mail: 2659461396@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    甘肃农业大学科技创新基金(青年导师扶持基金)(GAU-QDFC-2018-04);农村农业部公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201003019);现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-40-09B);校级自列课题(GSAU-ZL-2015-018)

Synergistic effect of oregano essential oil and organic cobalt on degradation characteristics of silage maize stalks and rumen fermentation of sheep

Xiong-xiong LI1(), Ting JIAO1(), Sheng-guo ZHAO2, Wei-na QIN1, Xue-mei GAO1, Zheng-wen WANG2, Jian-ping WU3, Zhao-min LEI2   

  1. 1.College of Pratacultural Science,Gansu Agricultural University,Key Laboratory for Grassland Ecosystem of Ministry of Education,Sino-U. S. Centers for Grazingland Ecosystem Sustainability,Lanzhou 730070,China
    2.College of Animal Science and Technology,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China
    3.Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou 730070,China
  • Received:2020-09-14 Revised:2020-11-04 Online:2021-10-19 Published:2021-10-19
  • Contact: Ting JIAO

摘要:

试验选用5只10月龄左右体重约(45±5) kg且安装有永久瘤胃瘘管的健康公羊(小尾寒羊♂×本地绵羊♀的杂交2代)作为试验动物,通过瘤胃瘘管投饲4种添加剂:载体(Car)、载体+牛至精油(CarEO)、载体+有机钴(CarCo)和载体+精油+有机钴(CarEOC)于不同绵羊瘤胃中,同时以不加任何添加剂作为对照(CK),即5个处理,对应5只羊。采用拉丁方设计,进行5轮试验。采用尼龙袋法测定瘤胃内青贮玉米秸秆降解0、6、12、24及48 h营养品质动态变化,并探究不同添加剂对绵羊瘤胃发酵特性的影响。结果表明:各处理组青贮玉米秸秆干物质降解率(DMD)、粗蛋白降解率(CPD)、中性洗涤纤维降解率(NDFD)和酸性洗涤纤维降解率(ADFD)均随瘤胃降解时间的延长而增加,且在48 h时达到最大。48 h添加CarEOC青贮玉米秸秆NDFD和ADFD均高于CK,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。与CK相比,添加CarEO、CarCo和CarEOC后青贮玉米秸秆DMD均有所提高,48 h时添加CarEOC后DMD和CPD分别较CK提高了3.33% 和3.89%,且24和48 h时CPD在CarEOC处理组与CK之间差异显著(P<0.05)。各添加剂处理对绵羊瘤胃液pH无显著影响(P>0.05),但添加CarEOC后瘤胃液pH和氨态氮(NH3-N)呈现出先降低后升高的趋势,而添加CarEO后NH3-N变化不明显。添加CarEO与CarEOC后瘤胃液总挥发性脂肪酸、乙酸、丙酸和丁酸均表现出先升高后降低的趋势,尤其添加CarEOC后表现明显,说明添加CarEO与CarEOC有利于瘤胃微生物活动,促进了瘤胃发酵。本试验添加Car后瘤胃降解指标和发酵指标在各时间与CK之间均无显著差异(P>0.05)。经灰色关联综合分析,青贮玉米秸秆在瘤胃内的降解品质和发酵特性的关联值表现为CarEOC>CarCo>CarEO>Car>CK,说明CarEOC可促进绵羊瘤胃内纤维类化合物的降解,可作为促进绵羊高效利用粗饲料资源的绿色饲料添加剂在生产实践中推广使用。

关键词: 添加剂处理, 青贮玉米秸秆, 瘤胃动态降解率, 瘤胃发酵特性

Abstract:

Five animals from a cross between male small tail Han sheep and female native ibex (second generation), about 10 months of age and (45±5) kg weight, fitted with permanent rumen fistula were used in this research. Treatments comprised four additives: Carrier (Car), carrier+essential oil (CarEO), carrier+cobalt (CarCo) and carrier+essential oil+cobalt (CarEOC) inserted into the rumen different sheep via the fistulae, with a fifth sheep having no additives as control (CK). A Latin square design was used for 5 rounds of tests and the nylon bag method was used to determine the nutrient degradation dynamics of maize straw silage at 0, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h, and to explore the effects of the different additives on the rumen fermentation characteristics of the sheep. It was found that the dry matter degradation rate (DMD), crude protein degradation rate (CPD), neutral detergent fiber degradation rate (NDFD) and acid detergent fiber degradation rate (ADFD) of silage maize stalks in each treatment group increased with increasing rumen degradation time and reached their maxima at 48 h. After adding CarEOC, NDFD and ADFD of silage maize stalks added at 48 h were numerically higher than CK, but the difference was not significant (P>0.05). Compared with CK, the DMD of silage maize stalk was increased after addition of CarEO, CarCo and CarEOC, with the DMD and CPD increased by 3.33% and 3.89%, respectively, at 48 hours after addition of CarEOC. After 24 and 48 h degradation, CPD differed significantly (P<0.05) between CarEOC and CK. None of the additive treatments significantly affected the pH of sheep rumen fluid (P>0.05), but after addition of CarEOC, the rumen fluid pH and NH3-N showed a trend of initial decrease followed by an increase. However, there was no obvious change in NH3-N after adding CarEO. Under the CarEO and CarEOC treatments, the total volatile fatty acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid levels in the rumen fluid showed a tendency of initial increase, then decrease, and finally increase, especially for the CarEOC treatment. These results were interpreted as indicating that the addition of CarEO and CarEOC were beneficial to rumen microbial activity. After adding Car in this experiment, none of the rumen degradation indexes differed significantly from those of CK at any of the sampling times (P>0.05). Based on grey correlation multivariate analysis, the correlation value of the degradation quality and fermentation characteristics of silage maize stalks in the rumen was CarEOC>CarCo>CarEO>Car>CK, indicating that CarEOC promoted the degradation of fiber compounds in the rumen of sheep, and could therefore be used as a green feed additive to promote more efficient use of roughage resources as feedstuffs for sheep in commercial meat production systems.

Key words: feed additive, silage maize stalk, rumen degradation dynamics, rumen fermentation characteristics