欢迎访问《草业学报》官方网站,今天是 分享到:

草业学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (6): 91-100.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2021174

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

入侵植物少花蒺藜草异型种子萌发策略及其幼苗生长特性

曲婷(), 周立业()   

  1. 内蒙古民族大学农学院,内蒙古 通辽 028000
  • 收稿日期:2021-05-06 修回日期:2021-06-09 出版日期:2022-06-20 发布日期:2022-05-11
  • 通讯作者: 周立业
  • 作者简介:E-mail: toni2002@126.com
    曲婷(1995-),女,内蒙古通辽人,在读硕士。E-mail: qu7in9@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(31460634);内蒙古留学人员创新创业项目(2019年立项)资助

Seed germination strategy and seedling growth characteristics of heteromorphic seeds of the invasive weed Cenchrus incertus

Ting QU(), Li-ye ZHOU()   

  1. College Agronomy of Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities,Tongliao 028000,China
  • Received:2021-05-06 Revised:2021-06-09 Online:2022-06-20 Published:2022-05-11
  • Contact: Li-ye ZHOU

摘要:

少花蒺藜草为科尔沁沙地的一种恶性入侵杂草,靠种子进行繁殖,其同一果实刺苞内多包含2粒种子,种子具有异型性(其中一粒相对较大、外形似芒果且有一小部分外露在刺苞中,称为M型种子;另一粒相对较小、外形似李子,称之为P型种子),野外调查发现少花蒺藜草通常以M型种子萌发为主。为探究少花蒺藜草刺苞果皮对异型种子的萌发是否产生影响、M型种子是否对P型种子的萌发产生抑制以及两异型种子的萌发在种群拓展中的作用,在实验室条件下测定少花疾藜草带刺苞(正常条件下)、去刺苞(将果皮解剖取出单独的M型、P型种子)、模拟刺苞(以纱布模拟刺苞果皮将取出的两异型种子进行再次包裹)4种处理下两种异型种子的萌发特征以及正常条件下的刺苞(只萌发M型)、单独的M型、P型及刺苞内P型种子(去除刺苞中已萌发的M型种子形成的幼苗)形成幼苗的生长特征。结果表明:1)刺苞果皮对两种异型种子的萌发均无显著影响;2)M型种子抑制P型种子的萌发,抑制率达到52.5%;3)刺苞内M型种子形成幼苗的地上生物量、地下生物量分别比刺苞内P型种子形成幼苗增加0.1298和0.1068 g·株-1,M型种子形成幼苗的叶面积、根冠比分别比P型种子形成幼苗显著增加84.3%和356.3%。上述研究表明:刺苞内M型种子比P型种子具有更强的发芽能力,M型种子形成的幼苗具有更好的存活策略,P型种子作为备用种子当年或翌年补充种群数量。

关键词: 少花蒺藜草, 异型种子, 萌发策略, 刺苞, 生长特性

Abstract:

Cenchrus incertus is a noxious invasive weed in Horqin sandy land of Northeastern China. C. incertus is by seed and the seeds are heteromorphic with two phenotypes, a larger mango-shaped type (type M) and a smaller plum-shaped type (type P). This study explored whether the pericarp of C. incertus has an effect on the germination of heteromorphic seeds, whether the type M seeds has an inhibitory effect on the germination of type P seeds, and whether the germination of two heteromorphic seeds affects the population expansion. In this study, the germination and early seedling growth of M and P type seeds was tested when planted alone or together and imitate the spiniferous bracts (wrapping the two heteromorphic seeds with the cloth again to simulate the spiniferous bracts) , and the spiniferous bracts under normal condition (only germinating M-type), single M-type, P-type and P-type seeds in the spiniferous bracts (removing the seedlings from the germinating M-type seeds) were measured to form the seedling growth characteristics. It was found that: 1) The pericarp had no significant effect on the germination of the two heteromorphic seed types. 2) The M type seeds inhibited the germination of P type seeds, the inhibition rate was up to 52.5%. 3) The aboveground biomass and underground biomass of M type seeds in spathes was 0.1298 and 0.1068 g·plant-1, respectively, greater than P type seeds, and the leaf area and root∶shoot ratios of M type seeds in bracts were, respectively, 84.3% and 356.3% (P<0.05) higher than those of P type seeds. The above studies show: the M type seed in the bract has stronger germinating ability than the P type seed, the M type seed produces seedlings with better survival strategies through more rapid early growth; the P type seed acts as a reserve seed in the current year or the following year to enhance the population numbers.

Key words: Cenchrus incertus, seed heteromorphism, germination strategy, bract, growth characteristic