草业学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (6): 91-100.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2021174
收稿日期:
2021-05-06
修回日期:
2021-06-09
出版日期:
2022-06-20
发布日期:
2022-05-11
通讯作者:
周立业
作者简介:
E-mail: toni2002@126.com基金资助:
Received:
2021-05-06
Revised:
2021-06-09
Online:
2022-06-20
Published:
2022-05-11
Contact:
Li-ye ZHOU
摘要:
少花蒺藜草为科尔沁沙地的一种恶性入侵杂草,靠种子进行繁殖,其同一果实刺苞内多包含2粒种子,种子具有异型性(其中一粒相对较大、外形似芒果且有一小部分外露在刺苞中,称为M型种子;另一粒相对较小、外形似李子,称之为P型种子),野外调查发现少花蒺藜草通常以M型种子萌发为主。为探究少花蒺藜草刺苞果皮对异型种子的萌发是否产生影响、M型种子是否对P型种子的萌发产生抑制以及两异型种子的萌发在种群拓展中的作用,在实验室条件下测定少花疾藜草带刺苞(正常条件下)、去刺苞(将果皮解剖取出单独的M型、P型种子)、模拟刺苞(以纱布模拟刺苞果皮将取出的两异型种子进行再次包裹)4种处理下两种异型种子的萌发特征以及正常条件下的刺苞(只萌发M型)、单独的M型、P型及刺苞内P型种子(去除刺苞中已萌发的M型种子形成的幼苗)形成幼苗的生长特征。结果表明:1)刺苞果皮对两种异型种子的萌发均无显著影响;2)M型种子抑制P型种子的萌发,抑制率达到52.5%;3)刺苞内M型种子形成幼苗的地上生物量、地下生物量分别比刺苞内P型种子形成幼苗增加0.1298和0.1068 g·株-1,M型种子形成幼苗的叶面积、根冠比分别比P型种子形成幼苗显著增加84.3%和356.3%。上述研究表明:刺苞内M型种子比P型种子具有更强的发芽能力,M型种子形成的幼苗具有更好的存活策略,P型种子作为备用种子当年或翌年补充种群数量。
曲婷, 周立业. 入侵植物少花蒺藜草异型种子萌发策略及其幼苗生长特性[J]. 草业学报, 2022, 31(6): 91-100.
Ting QU, Li-ye ZHOU. Seed germination strategy and seedling growth characteristics of heteromorphic seeds of the invasive weed Cenchrus incertus[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2022, 31(6): 91-100.
图3 少花蒺藜草刺苞及种子的发芽率及发芽势不同小写字母表示不同类型种子之间差异显著(P<0.05)。图中字母A为模拟M型、B为模拟P型、C为M型、D为P型、E为刺苞、F为刺苞内P型处理。下同。Different lowercase letters indicated significant difference among different types at 0.05 level. The letters A is simulated M type, B is simulated P type, C is M type, D is P type, E is the bur, F is P type in the bur. The same below.
Fig.3 Germination rate and germination energy of bract and seed of C.incertus
图7 模拟刺苞内只有M型种子发芽(A, B)和M型、P型种子同时发芽(C)
Fig.7 Only M type seeds germinated in the bract (A, B) and M type and P type seeds germinated simultaneously (C)
特征 Characteristics | 变量 Variable | M型种子萌发的幼苗M seedling germination | P型种子萌发的幼苗P seedling germination | 刺苞(M型)萌发的幼苗Bur seedling germination | 刺苞内P型种子萌发的幼苗P seedling germination in bur |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
形态特征Morphological characteristics | 叶面积Leaf area (cm2·piece-1) | 1.83±0.34a | 1.31±0.26b | 1.99±0.35a | 1.08±0.38c |
比叶面积Specific leaf area (cm2·g-1) | 130.51±24.45b | 145.22±28.77b | 49.65±8.74c | 244.36±87.49a | |
生物量特征Biomass characteristics | 叶生物量Leaf biomass (g·plant-1) | 0.024±0.0033b | 0.019±0.0029c | 0.110±0.0045a | 0.012±0.0025c |
茎生物量Stem biomass (g·plant-1) | 0.011±0.0016b | 0.007±0.0008c | 0.039±0.0021a | 0.008±0.0002c | |
地下生物量Underground biomass (g·plant-1) | 0.023±0.0016b | 0.035±0.0053b | 0.110±0.0099a | 0.003±0.0003c | |
地上生物量Aboveground biomass (g·plant-1) | 0.035±0.0049b | 0.026±0.0021b | 0.150±0.0040a | 0.020±0.0002c | |
总生物量Total biomass (g·plant-1) | 0.058±0.0058b | 0.061±0.0041b | 0.250±0.0120a | 0.023±0.0003c | |
根冠比Root shoot ratio | 0.660±0.0900b | 1.340±0.2700a | 0.730±0.0600b | 0.160±0.0130c | |
叶根比Leaf root ratio | 1.060±0.1400b | 0.570±0.1800c | 1.010±0.0600b | 3.750±0.2600a | |
生物量分配特征 Biomass distribution characteristics | 叶生物量比Leaf biomass ratio | 0.42±0.023b | 0.32±0.062c | 0.42±0.006b | 0.51±0.004a |
根生物量比Root biomass ratio | 0.40±0.033b | 0.57±0.054a | 0.42±0.020b | 0.14±0.010c | |
茎生物量比Stem biomass ratio | 0.19±0.010b | 0.12±0.013c | 0.16±0.014b | 0.35±0.012a |
表1 少花蒺藜草刺苞、异型种子萌发幼苗的形态特征及生物量特征
Table 1 Morphological and biomass characteristics of seedlings germinated with bract and heteromorphic seed of C. incertus
特征 Characteristics | 变量 Variable | M型种子萌发的幼苗M seedling germination | P型种子萌发的幼苗P seedling germination | 刺苞(M型)萌发的幼苗Bur seedling germination | 刺苞内P型种子萌发的幼苗P seedling germination in bur |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
形态特征Morphological characteristics | 叶面积Leaf area (cm2·piece-1) | 1.83±0.34a | 1.31±0.26b | 1.99±0.35a | 1.08±0.38c |
比叶面积Specific leaf area (cm2·g-1) | 130.51±24.45b | 145.22±28.77b | 49.65±8.74c | 244.36±87.49a | |
生物量特征Biomass characteristics | 叶生物量Leaf biomass (g·plant-1) | 0.024±0.0033b | 0.019±0.0029c | 0.110±0.0045a | 0.012±0.0025c |
茎生物量Stem biomass (g·plant-1) | 0.011±0.0016b | 0.007±0.0008c | 0.039±0.0021a | 0.008±0.0002c | |
地下生物量Underground biomass (g·plant-1) | 0.023±0.0016b | 0.035±0.0053b | 0.110±0.0099a | 0.003±0.0003c | |
地上生物量Aboveground biomass (g·plant-1) | 0.035±0.0049b | 0.026±0.0021b | 0.150±0.0040a | 0.020±0.0002c | |
总生物量Total biomass (g·plant-1) | 0.058±0.0058b | 0.061±0.0041b | 0.250±0.0120a | 0.023±0.0003c | |
根冠比Root shoot ratio | 0.660±0.0900b | 1.340±0.2700a | 0.730±0.0600b | 0.160±0.0130c | |
叶根比Leaf root ratio | 1.060±0.1400b | 0.570±0.1800c | 1.010±0.0600b | 3.750±0.2600a | |
生物量分配特征 Biomass distribution characteristics | 叶生物量比Leaf biomass ratio | 0.42±0.023b | 0.32±0.062c | 0.42±0.006b | 0.51±0.004a |
根生物量比Root biomass ratio | 0.40±0.033b | 0.57±0.054a | 0.42±0.020b | 0.14±0.010c | |
茎生物量比Stem biomass ratio | 0.19±0.010b | 0.12±0.013c | 0.16±0.014b | 0.35±0.012a |
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