草业学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (10): 206-216.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2021389
• 综合评述 • 上一篇
收稿日期:
2021-10-28
修回日期:
2022-01-27
出版日期:
2022-10-20
发布日期:
2022-09-14
通讯作者:
刘任涛
作者简介:
E-mail: nxuliu2012@126.com基金资助:
Zhi-xia GUO1,2,3(), Ren-tao LIU2,3(), Wen-zhi ZHAO3,4
Received:
2021-10-28
Revised:
2022-01-27
Online:
2022-10-20
Published:
2022-09-14
Contact:
Ren-tao LIU
摘要:
在荒漠生态系统中,以人工灌丛进行植被恢复与重建是土地荒漠化防治最有效、最经济、最持久、最稳定的措施之一。土壤动物是荒漠生态系统土壤生物的重要组分,在物质循环、养分流动和信息传递中扮演着重要角色。荒漠灌丛和土壤动物互相作用能够促进灌丛“肥岛”演变,有利于灌丛生态功能发展和退化生态系统有效恢复。降水变化条件下,基于“荒漠灌丛和土壤动物关系”这一核心问题,在总结荒漠灌丛分布特征、荒漠灌丛和土壤动物分布关系的基础上,分析了荒漠灌丛土壤动物分布对降水变化的响应规律及内在机制。在未来全球变化条件下,从荒漠灌丛土壤动物对地上的反馈效应、研究方法与先进技术应用及荒漠灌丛土壤动物多样性与生态系统服务功能方面,探索了荒漠生态系统中荒漠灌丛土壤动物研究中应重点关注的几个科学问题,为荒漠生态系统生物多样性保护、植被建设及响应气候变化管理提供了科学依据。
郭志霞, 刘任涛, 赵文智. 荒漠灌丛和土壤动物关系及对降水变化的响应研究进展[J]. 草业学报, 2022, 31(10): 206-216.
Zhi-xia GUO, Ren-tao LIU, Wen-zhi ZHAO. The relationships between desert shrubs and soil fauna and their responses to precipitation changes in arid regions: A review[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2022, 31(10): 206-216.
演化阶段 Evolution stage | 形态特征 Morphological character | 土壤 Soil | 植被 Vegetation |
---|---|---|---|
雏形阶段 Original stage | 形态不规则 Irregular shape | 迎风坡和背风坡均为流沙,表面无结皮,沙堆以下为黏土丘间地。The windward slope and leeward slope are covered with shifting sands, with no crust on the surface, and the inter-dunes with soil clay is below the sand nebkha. | 灌丛多以单株形式生长,无结实,迎风坡无植被,背风坡为单株植被,长势较好。Shrubs mostly grow in the form of a single plant without seed, and there is no vegetation on the windward slope. The leeward slope is single plant vegetation, with good growth. |
发育阶段 Developmental stage | 形态接近锥体 Shape close to cone | 迎风坡为流沙,背风坡有少量结皮,沙堆以下为黏土丘间地。The windward slope is covered with shifting sands, the leeward slope is covered with a small amount of crust, and the inter-dunes with soil clay is below the sand nebkha. | 灌丛多株生长,结实率较高,迎风坡无植被,背风坡植被长势较好,有结实。Many shrubs grow, with high seed production rate. There is no vegetation on the windward slope, and the vegetation on the leeward slope grows well and has seed production. |
稳定阶段 Stable stage | 形态接近半椭球体 Shape close to a semi ellipsoid | 迎风坡和背风坡均有结皮,沙堆以下为黏土丘间地。The windward slope and leeward slope are covered with crusts, and the inter-dunes with soil clay is below the sand nebkha. | 灌丛多株生长,长势较好,但存在自疏现象,结实率低,迎风坡植被盖度略小于背风坡。Many shrubs grow well, but there is self-thinning, the seed production rate is low, and the vegetation coverage is slightly less on the windward slope than on the leeward slope. |
衰退阶段 Recession stage | 形态接近半椭球体 Shape close to a semi ellipsoid | 结皮破坏严重,沙堆以下为黏土丘间地。The crust is seriously damaged, and the inter-dunes with soil clay is below the sand nebkha. | 灌丛多株生长,自疏现象严重,枯枝较多,灌丛主要分布在沙堆与丘间地交界处,结实率高,灌丛两侧由于自疏作用,植被盖度相近。Many shrubs grow, but it is serious for self-thinning, and there are many dead branches. Shrubs are mainly distributed at the junction of sand nebkha and inter-dunes, with high seed production rate. Due to self-thinning, the vegetation coverage on both sides of shrubs is similar. |
表1 不同演化阶段灌丛沙堆形态、土壤及植被状况
Table 1 Shrub sand nebkha morphology, soil and vegetation at different succession stages[33]
演化阶段 Evolution stage | 形态特征 Morphological character | 土壤 Soil | 植被 Vegetation |
---|---|---|---|
雏形阶段 Original stage | 形态不规则 Irregular shape | 迎风坡和背风坡均为流沙,表面无结皮,沙堆以下为黏土丘间地。The windward slope and leeward slope are covered with shifting sands, with no crust on the surface, and the inter-dunes with soil clay is below the sand nebkha. | 灌丛多以单株形式生长,无结实,迎风坡无植被,背风坡为单株植被,长势较好。Shrubs mostly grow in the form of a single plant without seed, and there is no vegetation on the windward slope. The leeward slope is single plant vegetation, with good growth. |
发育阶段 Developmental stage | 形态接近锥体 Shape close to cone | 迎风坡为流沙,背风坡有少量结皮,沙堆以下为黏土丘间地。The windward slope is covered with shifting sands, the leeward slope is covered with a small amount of crust, and the inter-dunes with soil clay is below the sand nebkha. | 灌丛多株生长,结实率较高,迎风坡无植被,背风坡植被长势较好,有结实。Many shrubs grow, with high seed production rate. There is no vegetation on the windward slope, and the vegetation on the leeward slope grows well and has seed production. |
稳定阶段 Stable stage | 形态接近半椭球体 Shape close to a semi ellipsoid | 迎风坡和背风坡均有结皮,沙堆以下为黏土丘间地。The windward slope and leeward slope are covered with crusts, and the inter-dunes with soil clay is below the sand nebkha. | 灌丛多株生长,长势较好,但存在自疏现象,结实率低,迎风坡植被盖度略小于背风坡。Many shrubs grow well, but there is self-thinning, the seed production rate is low, and the vegetation coverage is slightly less on the windward slope than on the leeward slope. |
衰退阶段 Recession stage | 形态接近半椭球体 Shape close to a semi ellipsoid | 结皮破坏严重,沙堆以下为黏土丘间地。The crust is seriously damaged, and the inter-dunes with soil clay is below the sand nebkha. | 灌丛多株生长,自疏现象严重,枯枝较多,灌丛主要分布在沙堆与丘间地交界处,结实率高,灌丛两侧由于自疏作用,植被盖度相近。Many shrubs grow, but it is serious for self-thinning, and there are many dead branches. Shrubs are mainly distributed at the junction of sand nebkha and inter-dunes, with high seed production rate. Due to self-thinning, the vegetation coverage on both sides of shrubs is similar. |
研究区 Study area | 灌丛下土壤动物类型 Soil faunal groups under shrubs | 优势类群数Number of dominant groups | |
---|---|---|---|
灌丛内 Inside the shrub | 灌丛外 Outside the shrub | ||
奈曼 Naiman | 大中型节肢动物Macro-and meso-arthropods | 28 | 14 |
宁夏盐池 Yanchi, Ningxia | 大中小型节肢动物Macro-, meso- and micro- arthropods | 17 | 5 |
宁夏灵武白芨滩Baijitan, Lingwu, Ningxia | 大型节肢动物Macro-arthropods | 6 | 4 |
美国南加州干旱区Arid area of Southern California | 大型节肢动物Macro-arthropods | 16 | 3 |
以色列Negev荒漠Negev desert, Israel | 小型节肢动物Micro-arthropods | 3 | 1 |
表2 灌丛内外土壤动物优势类群数分布情况
Table 2 Distribution of dominant groups of soil faunal inside and outside the shrub
研究区 Study area | 灌丛下土壤动物类型 Soil faunal groups under shrubs | 优势类群数Number of dominant groups | |
---|---|---|---|
灌丛内 Inside the shrub | 灌丛外 Outside the shrub | ||
奈曼 Naiman | 大中型节肢动物Macro-and meso-arthropods | 28 | 14 |
宁夏盐池 Yanchi, Ningxia | 大中小型节肢动物Macro-, meso- and micro- arthropods | 17 | 5 |
宁夏灵武白芨滩Baijitan, Lingwu, Ningxia | 大型节肢动物Macro-arthropods | 6 | 4 |
美国南加州干旱区Arid area of Southern California | 大型节肢动物Macro-arthropods | 16 | 3 |
以色列Negev荒漠Negev desert, Israel | 小型节肢动物Micro-arthropods | 3 | 1 |
灌丛种类 Shrub species | I | G | Shannon指数 Shannon index | 捕食性Predation | 植食性Phytophagous | 腐食性Saprophytic | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
I | G | I | G | I | G | ||||
油蒿A. ordosica | a | a | a | a | a | b | a | a | a |
花棒H. scoparium | b | ab | b | b | a | a | a | b | b |
沙拐枣C. mongolicum | b | b | b | b | b | b | a | b | b |
柠条C. konshinskii | b | b | ab | b | ab | ab | a | b | b |
表3 不同灌丛土壤动物分布情况
Table 3 Distribution of soil faunal in different shrubs[45]
灌丛种类 Shrub species | I | G | Shannon指数 Shannon index | 捕食性Predation | 植食性Phytophagous | 腐食性Saprophytic | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
I | G | I | G | I | G | ||||
油蒿A. ordosica | a | a | a | a | a | b | a | a | a |
花棒H. scoparium | b | ab | b | b | a | a | a | b | b |
沙拐枣C. mongolicum | b | b | b | b | b | b | a | b | b |
柠条C. konshinskii | b | b | ab | b | ab | ab | a | b | b |
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