欢迎访问《草业学报》官方网站,今天是 分享到:

草业学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (11): 36-47.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2021429

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同利用方式荒漠区草地鼠害防治的危害阈值和经济阈值

杨可1(), 袁帅1, 武晓东1, 张昊婷1, 孙珊珊1, 付和平1(), 赵永泉2, 王淑艳3, 刘启富4   

  1. 1.内蒙古农业大学草原与资源环境学院,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010011
    2.呼伦贝尔市林业和草原事业发展中心,内蒙古 海拉尔 021008
    3.呼伦贝尔市林业和草原科学研究所,内蒙古 海拉尔 021006
    4.兴安盟林业和草原工作站,内蒙古 乌兰浩特 137400
  • 收稿日期:2021-11-24 修回日期:2022-02-08 出版日期:2022-11-20 发布日期:2022-10-01
  • 通讯作者: 付和平
  • 作者简介:E-mail: fuheping@126.com
    杨可(1996-),女,内蒙古阿左旗人,在读硕士。 E-mail: yangke19961006@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(32060395);内蒙古自然科学基金(2019MS03012);内蒙古科技计划项目(2021GG0108);华北农牧交错带西段有害生物多样性调查(2019FY100304);内蒙古农业大学科技成果转化项目(YZGC2017026)

Harmful and economic thresholds for rodent pests in the Alxa desert area under different grassland utilization patterns

Ke YANG1(), Shuai YUAN1, Xiao-dong WU1, Hao-ting ZHANG1, Shan-shan SUN1, He-ping FU1(), Yong-quan ZHAO2, Shu-yan WANG3, Qi-fu LIU4   

  1. 1.College of Grassland,Resource and Environment,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010011,China
    2.Hulunbuir Forestry and Grassland Enterprise Development Center,Hailar 021008,China
    3.Hulunbuir Grassland Science Research Institute,Hailar 021006,China
    4.Xingan League Forestry and Grassland Workstation,Ulanhot 137400,China
  • Received:2021-11-24 Revised:2022-02-08 Online:2022-11-20 Published:2022-10-01
  • Contact: He-ping FU

摘要:

鼠害危害阈值和经济阈值是草地鼠害防控实践中必须明确的指标,不同草地类型或同一草地类型不同利用方式,这2个指标值均截然不同。危害阈值是引起草地明显损失时的害鼠种群密度,经济阈值是害鼠种群数量增长造成明显经济损失时必须采取防治措施的种群密度。阿拉善荒漠区生态脆弱,鼠害连年发生,研究荒漠区草地鼠害防控危害阈值和经济阈值对鼠害防治具有重要指导意义。于2015-2019年在阿拉善左旗荒漠区选择连续放牧区与禁牧区应用标志重捕法调查害鼠种类和密度,应用样方法调查样区内8月植物地上生物量。使用标准鼠单位与啮齿动物日食量来估算牧草损失产量,利用回归方程得出害鼠密度与牧草产量损失比的拟合关系。结果表明:1)连续放牧区与禁牧区害鼠密度与牧草产量损失比的拟合曲线均符合逻辑斯蒂S型曲线。2)根据回归方程计算得出连续放牧区害鼠防控危害阈值为26个标准鼠单位·hm-2,经济阈值为39.3个标准鼠单位·hm-2,禁牧区害鼠防控危害阈值为33.2个标准鼠单位·hm-2,经济阈值为30.2个标准鼠单位·hm-2,连续放牧区经济阈值略大于禁牧区。

关键词: 阿拉善荒漠区, 鼠害防治, 危害阈值, 经济阈值

Abstract:

The rodent damage threshold and the rodent economic threshold are indicators that must be clearly defined in the practice of grassland rodent prevention and control. Different grassland types or different utilization methods of the same grassland type have completely different values for these two indicators. The damage threshold is the population density of pests at which the grassland is obviously compromised, and the economic threshold is the population density at which further pest population increases will cause economic losses. The Alxa desert region is ecologically fragile, and rodents are endemic. This study selected continuous grazing areas and prohibited grazing areas in the desert area of Alxa Left Banner and from 2015 to 2019 to investigated the species and density of pests using the ‘mark and recapture’ method, together with sampling to investigate the aboveground plant biomass in the sample area in August. The measured rodent unit densities and their daily food intakes were used to estimate the amount of forage loss, and a regression equation was used to obtain a fitted relationship between the rodent density and the ratio of forage loss. It was found that: 1) The fitted curves for the ratio of pest density and forage loss in the continuous and prohibited grazing areas took the form of logistic three-parameter, S-shaped curves. 2) According to the regression equation, the damage threshold in continuous grazing areas was 26 standard rodent units·ha-1 and the economic threshold was 39.3 standard rodent units·ha-1. In prohibited grazing areas, the damage threshold was 33.2 standard rodent units·ha-1 and the economic threshold was 30.2 standard rodent units·ha-1. Thus, the economic threshold pest density of continuous grazing areas was slightly higher than that of prohibiting grazing areas.

Key words: Alxa desert area, rodent control, damage threshold, economic threshold