草业学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (11): 36-47.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2021429
杨可1(), 袁帅1, 武晓东1, 张昊婷1, 孙珊珊1, 付和平1(), 赵永泉2, 王淑艳3, 刘启富4
收稿日期:
2021-11-24
修回日期:
2022-02-08
出版日期:
2022-11-20
发布日期:
2022-10-01
通讯作者:
付和平
作者简介:
E-mail: fuheping@126.com基金资助:
Ke YANG1(), Shuai YUAN1, Xiao-dong WU1, Hao-ting ZHANG1, Shan-shan SUN1, He-ping FU1(), Yong-quan ZHAO2, Shu-yan WANG3, Qi-fu LIU4
Received:
2021-11-24
Revised:
2022-02-08
Online:
2022-11-20
Published:
2022-10-01
Contact:
He-ping FU
摘要:
鼠害危害阈值和经济阈值是草地鼠害防控实践中必须明确的指标,不同草地类型或同一草地类型不同利用方式,这2个指标值均截然不同。危害阈值是引起草地明显损失时的害鼠种群密度,经济阈值是害鼠种群数量增长造成明显经济损失时必须采取防治措施的种群密度。阿拉善荒漠区生态脆弱,鼠害连年发生,研究荒漠区草地鼠害防控危害阈值和经济阈值对鼠害防治具有重要指导意义。于2015-2019年在阿拉善左旗荒漠区选择连续放牧区与禁牧区应用标志重捕法调查害鼠种类和密度,应用样方法调查样区内8月植物地上生物量。使用标准鼠单位与啮齿动物日食量来估算牧草损失产量,利用回归方程得出害鼠密度与牧草产量损失比的拟合关系。结果表明:1)连续放牧区与禁牧区害鼠密度与牧草产量损失比的拟合曲线均符合逻辑斯蒂S型曲线。2)根据回归方程计算得出连续放牧区害鼠防控危害阈值为26个标准鼠单位·hm-2,经济阈值为39.3个标准鼠单位·hm-2,禁牧区害鼠防控危害阈值为33.2个标准鼠单位·hm-2,经济阈值为30.2个标准鼠单位·hm-2,连续放牧区经济阈值略大于禁牧区。
杨可, 袁帅, 武晓东, 张昊婷, 孙珊珊, 付和平, 赵永泉, 王淑艳, 刘启富. 不同利用方式荒漠区草地鼠害防治的危害阈值和经济阈值[J]. 草业学报, 2022, 31(11): 36-47.
Ke YANG, Shuai YUAN, Xiao-dong WU, Hao-ting ZHANG, Shan-shan SUN, He-ping FU, Yong-quan ZHAO, Shu-yan WANG, Qi-fu LIU. Harmful and economic thresholds for rodent pests in the Alxa desert area under different grassland utilization patterns[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2022, 31(11): 36-47.
鼠种 The rodent species | 日食量 The daily intake per rodent (g) | 折算值 The reduced value | 冬眠 Hibernation | 储草量 The storage of forage (kg) |
---|---|---|---|---|
三趾跳鼠D.sagitta | 10.1 | 1.8 | 1 | 0 |
五趾跳鼠A.sibirica | 9.5 | 1.7 | 1 | 0 |
子午沙鼠M.meridianus | 5.6 | 1.0 | 0 | 0.8952 |
小毛足鼠P.roborovskii | 2.3 | 0.4 | 0 | 0.2475 |
阿拉善黄鼠S.alaschanicus | 41.4 | 7.4 | 1 | 0 |
羽尾跳鼠S.telum | 10.1 | 1.8 | 1 | 0 |
表1 啮齿动物日食量折算值以及储草量
Table 1 Rodent conversion standards and storage of forage
鼠种 The rodent species | 日食量 The daily intake per rodent (g) | 折算值 The reduced value | 冬眠 Hibernation | 储草量 The storage of forage (kg) |
---|---|---|---|---|
三趾跳鼠D.sagitta | 10.1 | 1.8 | 1 | 0 |
五趾跳鼠A.sibirica | 9.5 | 1.7 | 1 | 0 |
子午沙鼠M.meridianus | 5.6 | 1.0 | 0 | 0.8952 |
小毛足鼠P.roborovskii | 2.3 | 0.4 | 0 | 0.2475 |
阿拉善黄鼠S.alaschanicus | 41.4 | 7.4 | 1 | 0 |
羽尾跳鼠S.telum | 10.1 | 1.8 | 1 | 0 |
图1 不同放牧区啮齿动物捕获数量A为连续放牧区不同鼠种平均捕获量,B为禁牧区不同鼠种平均捕获量。不同小写字母表示不同鼠种间差异显著(P<0.05),下同。A is the average amount of captured of each rodent species in continuous grazing area, B is the average amount of captured of each rodent species in prohibiting grazing area. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different rodent species (P<0.05), the same below.
Fig.1 The population density of rodents captured in different grazing area
图2 不同鼠种平均捕获量Ⅰ: 子午沙鼠M. meridianus; Ⅱ: 三趾跳鼠D. sagitta; Ⅲ: 五趾跳鼠A. sibirica; Ⅳ: 阿拉善黄鼠S. alaschanicus; Ⅴ: 小毛足鼠P. roborovskii; Ⅵ: 羽尾跳鼠S. telum.
Fig.2 The average amount of captured of each rodent species
放牧方式 Grazing methods | 啮齿动物密度 Rodents density (standard rodent units per hectare) | 牧草产量 Forage yield (kg·hm-2) | 牧草损失产量 Loss of forage yield (kg·hm-2) | 牧草产量损失比 The loss ratio of forage yield (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
连续放牧区Continuous grazing | 102.11±11.80a | 639.24±46.69a | 131.22±14.88a | 21.84±2.48a |
禁牧区Prohibiting grazing | 72.21±5.18b | 652.05±35.08a | 112.71±8.41a | 17.94±1.59a |
F | 5.386 | 0.048 | 1.172 | 1.746 |
P | 0.028 | 0.828 | 0.288 | 0.197 |
表2 不同放牧方式啮齿动物密度与牧草指标
Table 2 The rodent densities and forage indexes in different grazing methods
放牧方式 Grazing methods | 啮齿动物密度 Rodents density (standard rodent units per hectare) | 牧草产量 Forage yield (kg·hm-2) | 牧草损失产量 Loss of forage yield (kg·hm-2) | 牧草产量损失比 The loss ratio of forage yield (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
连续放牧区Continuous grazing | 102.11±11.80a | 639.24±46.69a | 131.22±14.88a | 21.84±2.48a |
禁牧区Prohibiting grazing | 72.21±5.18b | 652.05±35.08a | 112.71±8.41a | 17.94±1.59a |
F | 5.386 | 0.048 | 1.172 | 1.746 |
P | 0.028 | 0.828 | 0.288 | 0.197 |
图3 牧草损失产量与啮齿动物密度不同小写字母表示连续放牧方式下年度间差异显著,不同大写字母表示禁牧方式下年度间差异显著,*表示两种放牧方式间差异显著,ns表示两种放牧方式间差异不显著,显著水平为P=0.05。Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among years under continuous grazing methods, different capital letters indicate significant differences among years under grazing prohibition methods, * indicates significant differences between the two grazing methods, ns indicates no significant differences between the two grazing methods, significance level P=0.05.
Fig.3 Loss of forage yield and rodent densities
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