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草业学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (5): 61-70.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2022212

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

陇东黄土高原优势植物不同龄级株丛数量性状及养分特征

张成霞1(), 瓦勒塔2, 牟晓明2, 常生华2   

  1. 1.江苏农牧科技职业学院园林园艺学院,江苏 泰州 225300
    2.兰州大学草地农业科技学院,甘肃 兰州 730020
  • 收稿日期:2022-05-09 修回日期:2022-06-06 出版日期:2023-05-20 发布日期:2023-03-20
  • 通讯作者: 张成霞
  • 作者简介:张成霞(1974-),女,青海海东人,博士。E-mail: E-mail: chengxia0211@163.com
    张成霞(1974-),女,青海海东人,博士。E-mail: chengxia0211@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(G2000018602);甘肃省科技计划项目“草畜一体化生产技术集成与示范”(20CX9NA104);江苏省林源药用植物资源发掘与创新利用关键技术长期科研基地(LYKJ[2020]29);江苏省“青蓝工程”优秀教学团队(苏教师函[2020]10号)

Quantitative and nutrient characteristics of dominant species in different age classes on the Loess Plateau of Eastern Gansu

Cheng-xia ZHANG1(), Le-ta WA2, Xiao-ming MOU2, Sheng-hua CHANG2   

  1. 1.Landscape and Horticulture Department,Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College,Taizhou 225300,China
    2.College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730020,China
  • Received:2022-05-09 Revised:2022-06-06 Online:2023-05-20 Published:2023-03-20
  • Contact: Cheng-xia ZHANG

摘要:

研究草地植物种群数量特征,可揭示其对环境和放牧干扰的适应性机制,以往龄级水平草地植物种群数量性状研究相对缺乏。本研究以2种放牧年限下黄土高原典型草原优势植物(长芒草、达乌里胡枝子和茵陈蒿)为对象,通过对不同龄级下3种植物株丛数量性状及养分特征的定量分析,探究植物种群龄级划分方法,明晰放牧下植物种群数量性状变化规律。结果表明:1)3种植物数量性状在轮牧第6和11年间整体变化小。2)放牧年限对各龄级植物种群株丛特征影响为茵陈蒿<长芒草和达乌里胡枝子,2种轮牧年份下3种植物株丛特征均随龄级增加呈增加趋势;达乌里胡枝子冠幅和基径及长芒草冠幅、基径和分糵数均为幼龄期<其他龄级。3)长芒草磷(P)含量为幼龄期<成年期和老年前期+老年期,达乌里胡枝子和茵陈蒿则与之相反;3种植物粗蛋白(CP)含量为老年前期+老年期<幼龄期和成年期,酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)和中性洗涤纤维(NDF)含量则与之相反;各龄级磷(P)、钙(Ca)、钾(K)和镁(Mg)含量为长芒草<达乌里胡枝子和茵陈蒿。研究表明,依据3种植物株丛分蘖或分枝特征及“空心化”程度,可有效划分其龄级;轮牧下3种植物数量性状具有较高稳定性,放牧年限对植物株丛特性的影响受龄级调控。

关键词: 长芒草, 达乌里胡枝子, 茵陈蒿, 龄级, 株丛性状

Abstract:

The aim of this study was to determine the quantitative characteristics of a plant population, including different age classes, to explore how it adapts to interference by environmental factors and livestock grazing. Previous studies on the quantitative characteristics of plant population in grassland lack age-level data. In this study, we determined the quantitative characters and nutrient characteristics of a three species plant clusters (Stipa bungeanaLespedeza davurica, and Artemisia capillaris) in the typical steppe of the Loess Plateau, and separated the plant population into different age classes. It was found that: 1) The quantitative characters of the three plants were weakly influenced in the 6th and 11th years by rotational grazing; 2) The three plant species were ranked, from weakest to strongest influence of grazing on the plant cluster characteristics at each age class, as follows: A. capillaris<S. bungeana and L. davurica. The plant cluster characteristics of the three plant species increased with age class in two grazing years. The crown width and base diameter of L. davurica and the crown width, base diameter, and tiller number of S. bungeana were lower in the juvenile age class than in the other age classes. 3) The phosphorus content in S. bungeana was lower in the juvenile age class than in the reproductive and presenile+senile age classes, but higher in the juvenile age class than in the older age classes of L. davurica and A. capillaris. In the three plant species, the crude protein content was lower in the presenile+senile age class than in the juvenile and reproductive age classes, while the acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber contents were lower in the juvenile and reproductive age classes than in the presenile+senile age class. The contents of phosphorus, calcium, potassium, and magnesium in each age class were lower in S. bungeana than in L. davurica and A. capillaris. These results show that age classes can be effectively determined by the characteristics of tillers or branches and the “hollowing” (bald spots in the clusters) of species. The quantitative characters of these plants remained relatively stable under rotational grazing on the Loess Plateau, and the effect of livestock grazing on plant quantitative characteristics depended mainly on the age class.

Key words: Stipa bungeana, Lespedeza davurica, Artemisia capillaris, age class, plant character