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草业学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (7): 229-239.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2022337

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    

扁蓿豆种内杂种鉴定及其F1和F2代主要农艺性状优势分析

董佳琦1(), 杨艳婷2, 范文强1, 王佳妮1, 石凤翎1()   

  1. 1.内蒙古农业大学草原与资源环境学院,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010011
    2.中国农业科学院草原研究所,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010010
  • 收稿日期:2022-08-26 修回日期:2022-10-07 出版日期:2023-07-20 发布日期:2023-05-26
  • 通讯作者: 石凤翎
  • 作者简介:E-mail: sfl0000@126.com
    董佳琦(1996-),女,内蒙古呼伦贝尔人,在读硕士。E-mail: dong357007@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(32160323);内蒙古自治区科技重大专项(2021ZD0031)

Identification of Medicago ruthenica hybrids and heterosis analysis of main agronomic traits in F1 and F2

Jia-qi DONG1(), Yan-ting YANG2, Wen-qiang FAN1, Jia-ni WANG1, Feng-ling SHI1()   

  1. 1.College of Grassland Resources and Environment,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010011,China
    2.Institute of Grassland Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hohhot 010010,China
  • Received:2022-08-26 Revised:2022-10-07 Online:2023-07-20 Published:2023-05-26
  • Contact: Feng-ling SHI

摘要:

扁蓿豆是一种抗逆性强,遗传多样性丰富的豆科牧草,可作为同属牧草的杂交育种材料,为其提供丰富的基因资源。而如何获得真杂交种是开展杂交育种和杂种优势利用的重要基础。为获得遗传性状更加丰富的扁蓿豆新种质材料,以株型直立且高产的直立型扁蓿豆和抗逆性强的野生扁蓿豆(黄花变异材料,简称黄花扁蓿豆)为亲本,采取正反交配置了两个杂交组合。通过相关序列扩增多态性(SRAP)分子标记技术从118个杂交F1代中鉴定出85个真杂种。从直立型扁蓿豆♀×黄花扁蓿豆♂的杂种F1代中获得其F2代,进一步对表现优良的13株F1代和20株F2代的株高、株型指数、一级分枝数、近似叶面积、叶茎比和单株地上生物量等主要农艺性状进行杂种优势分析。结果表明:F1代各性状的表型值变异系数为18.82%~45.72%,其中单株地上生物量、叶茎比、一级分枝数变异较大。各性状中亲优势为-54.2%~26.9%,其中叶茎比(8.22%)表现出超亲优势。F2代各性状变异系数(19.66%~41.63%)较F1代减小,除近似叶面积(12.69%)、株型指数(17.46%)和叶茎比(35.38%)外其余性状中亲优势(-52.38%~-19.75%)均减弱。F1与F2代产量相关性状的中亲优势和超亲优势多为负向,种内杂种优势较弱。研究结果将为扁蓿豆及苜蓿属其余牧草的品种改良提供新种质。

关键词: 扁蓿豆, SRAP分子标记, 杂种鉴定, 杂种优势

Abstract:

Medicago ruthenica is a leguminous forage crop with strong resistance to various stress factors and rich genetic diversity, which can be used as a cross breeding parent within the same forage genus as a source of rich genetic resources. Identification of a procedure to obtain true hybrids is an important component of cross breeding and heterosis utilization. In this study, in order to obtain new germplasm materials of M. ruthenica with more abundant genetic characters, two hybrid combinations were made by reciprocal crosses, using M. ruthenica cv. ‘Zhilixing’ with upright growth form and high yield, and a yellow-flowered variant of wild M. ruthenica var. Sojak with strong stress resistance as parents. 85 true hybrids were identified from 118 F1 hybrids by sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) molecular marker technique. F2 material was obtained from the true cross F1 plants with excellent performance of M. ruthenica ‘Zhilixing’ ♀×M. ruthenica Sojak ♂, and further heterosis analysis was carried out on the main agronomic characters of 13 F1 and 20 F2 plants for traits such as plant height, plant growth form, number of primary branches, approximate leaf area, leaf∶stem ratio and single plant aboveground biomass of single plants. It was found that the coefficients of variation of phenotypic values of F1 traits ranged from 18.82% to 45.72%, among which the aboveground biomass per plant, leaf∶stem ratio and primary branch number varied most greatly. The parental dominance of each trait ranged from -54.2% to 26.9%, but only the leaf stem ratio (8.22%) showed superparental dominance. The coefficient of variation (19.66% to 41.63%) of each trait in F2 was lower than that in F1, and the heterosis (-52.38% to 19.75%) was weakened. In addition, the mid- and super-parent vigor of yield-related traits in F1 and F2 were mostly negative and the intraspecific heterosis was weak. This study will provide new germplasm for the improvement of M. ruthenica and other forages of the Medicago genus.

Key words: Medicago ruthenica, sequence related amplified polymorphism molecular markers, hybrid identification, heterosis