草业学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (7): 216-228.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2022350
• 研究论文 • 上一篇
蒋丛泽1,2,3(), 受娜1,2,3, 高玮1,2,3, 马仁诗1,2,3, 沈禹颖1,2,3, 杨宪龙1,2,3()
收稿日期:
2022-08-30
修回日期:
2022-11-28
出版日期:
2023-07-20
发布日期:
2023-05-26
通讯作者:
杨宪龙
作者简介:
E-mail: yangxianl@lzu.edu.cn基金资助:
Cong-ze JIANG1,2,3(), Na SHOU1,2,3, Wei GAO1,2,3, Ren-shi MA1,2,3, Yu-ying SHEN1,2,3, Xian-long YANG1,2,3()
Received:
2022-08-30
Revised:
2022-11-28
Online:
2023-07-20
Published:
2023-05-26
Contact:
Xian-long YANG
摘要:
为筛选出适宜在陇东旱塬地区栽培的青贮玉米品种,本试验以8份青贮玉米品种为研究对象,通过田间试验比较了不同青贮玉米品种在该地区的农艺表现、营养成分含量及水氮资源利用状况,并采用灰色关联分析法对各品种的综合表现进行了量化评价。结果表明:品种对主要农艺性状有显著影响(P<0.05)。株高最高的品种是豫青贮23,为299.6 cm;茎粗最大的品种是东单60号,为29.5 mm;叶长、叶宽分别以豫青贮23和京科青贮516最大,为83.3 cm和9.6 cm;单株鲜重最大的品种是中科甜928,为1147.1 g·株-1,单株干重最大的品种是京科青贮516,为341.1 g·株-1。产量性状方面,鲜草产量超过80 t·hm-2的品种有豫青贮23、东单60号和中科甜928,干草产量和粗蛋白产量最大的品种是东科301,分别为29.0 t·hm-2和1.85 t·hm-2。营养品质方面,全株粗蛋白含量最高的品种是文玉3号,为7.42%;粗灰分含量以中科甜928最高,为4.58%;中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维含量以京科301最低,分别为28.87%和12.63%。水氮资源利用方面,干物质水分利用效率和氮肥偏生产力最高的品种是东科301,分别为77.0 kg·hm-2·mm-1和161.2 kg·kg-1。灰色关联分析结果显示,等权关联度和加权关联度综合评价结果较为一致,二者均表明豫青贮23、文玉3号和东科301兼顾丰产、优质和水氮资源高效利用优点,适宜在陇东旱塬区推广种植。
蒋丛泽, 受娜, 高玮, 马仁诗, 沈禹颖, 杨宪龙. 陇东旱塬区不同青贮玉米品种生产性能和营养品质综合评价[J]. 草业学报, 2023, 32(7): 216-228.
Cong-ze JIANG, Na SHOU, Wei GAO, Ren-shi MA, Yu-ying SHEN, Xian-long YANG. A multivariate evaluation of production performance and nutritional quality of different varieties of silage maize in the dry plateau area of Longdong[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2023, 32(7): 216-228.
图1 试验地2021年月降水量和月均气温及多年(2001-2021)平均月降水量和气温
Fig.1 Monthly precipitation and average monthly temperature in 2021 and monthly average precipitation and average temperature in multi-years (2001-2021) at the experiment field
品种 Variety | 发芽率 Germination percentage | 发芽势 Germination energy | 来源 Sources of varieties |
---|---|---|---|
文玉3号Wenyu No.3 | 94.0b | 91.0ab | 北京佰青源畜牧业科技发展有限公司 Beijing Baiqingyuan Animal Husbandry Technology Development Co., Ltd. |
东单60号Dongdan No.60 | 96.0ab | 88.0b | 辽宁东亚种业有限公司Liaoning Dongya Seed Co., Ltd. |
东科301 Dongke 301 | 99.0a | 94.0ab | 辽宁东亚种业有限公司 Liaoning Dongya Seed Co., Ltd. |
屯玉808 Tunyu 808 | 98.0ab | 95.0ab | 北京屯玉种业有限责任公司Beijing Tunyu Co., Ltd. |
豫青贮23 Yu silage 23 | 100.0a | 95.0ab | 北京大京九农业开发有限公司Beijing Dajingjiu Agricultural Development Co., Ltd. |
中科甜928 Zhongketian 928 | 99.0a | 98.0a | 北京中农绿桥科技有限公司Beijing Zhongnong Green Bridge Technology Co., Ltd. |
京科301 Jingke 301 | 100.0a | 96.0ab | 河南秋丰农业科技有限公司Henan Qiufeng Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd. |
京科青贮516 Jingke silage 516 | 99.0a | 93.0ab | 北京顺鑫农科种业科技有限公司Beijing Shunxin Nongke Seed Technology Co., Ltd. |
表1 供试品种发芽率、发芽势及种子来源
Table 1 Germination percentage, germination energy and seed sources of the 8 silage maize varieties used in this study (%)
品种 Variety | 发芽率 Germination percentage | 发芽势 Germination energy | 来源 Sources of varieties |
---|---|---|---|
文玉3号Wenyu No.3 | 94.0b | 91.0ab | 北京佰青源畜牧业科技发展有限公司 Beijing Baiqingyuan Animal Husbandry Technology Development Co., Ltd. |
东单60号Dongdan No.60 | 96.0ab | 88.0b | 辽宁东亚种业有限公司Liaoning Dongya Seed Co., Ltd. |
东科301 Dongke 301 | 99.0a | 94.0ab | 辽宁东亚种业有限公司 Liaoning Dongya Seed Co., Ltd. |
屯玉808 Tunyu 808 | 98.0ab | 95.0ab | 北京屯玉种业有限责任公司Beijing Tunyu Co., Ltd. |
豫青贮23 Yu silage 23 | 100.0a | 95.0ab | 北京大京九农业开发有限公司Beijing Dajingjiu Agricultural Development Co., Ltd. |
中科甜928 Zhongketian 928 | 99.0a | 98.0a | 北京中农绿桥科技有限公司Beijing Zhongnong Green Bridge Technology Co., Ltd. |
京科301 Jingke 301 | 100.0a | 96.0ab | 河南秋丰农业科技有限公司Henan Qiufeng Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd. |
京科青贮516 Jingke silage 516 | 99.0a | 93.0ab | 北京顺鑫农科种业科技有限公司Beijing Shunxin Nongke Seed Technology Co., Ltd. |
品种 Variety | 生育时期 Growth stages | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
播种期 Sowing stage (月-日 Month-day) | 出苗期 Emergence stage (月-日Month-day) | 拔节期 Elongation stage (月-日Month-day) | 抽穗期 Heading stage (月-日Month-day) | 开花期 Flowering stage (月-日Month-day) | 乳熟期 Milk stage (月-日Month-day) | 收获期 Harvesting date (月-日Month-day) | 生长天数 Growth days (d) | |
豫青贮23 Yu silage 23 | 04-17 | 05-06 | 05-22 | 07-19 | 07-23 | 08-18 | 09-01 | 136 |
东单60号Dongdan No.60 | 04-17 | 05-06 | 05-20 | 07-15 | 07-23 | 08-14 | 09-01 | 136 |
文玉3号Wenyu No.3 | 04-17 | 05-06 | 05-20 | 07-16 | 07-20 | 08-14 | 09-01 | 136 |
京科青贮516 Jingke silage 516 | 04-17 | 05-06 | 05-20 | 07-16 | 07-20 | 08-14 | 09-01 | 136 |
中科甜928 Zhongketian 928 | 04-17 | 05-06 | 05-20 | 07-18 | 07-23 | 08-14 | 09-01 | 136 |
东科301 Dongke 301 | 04-17 | 05-06 | 05-20 | 07-09 | 07-15 | 08-14 | 09-01 | 136 |
屯玉808 Tunyu 808 | 04-17 | 05-06 | 05-20 | 07-09 | 07-15 | 08-14 | 09-01 | 136 |
京科301 Jingke 301 | 04-17 | 05-06 | 05-22 | 07-09 | 07-18 | 08-18 | 09-01 | 136 |
表2 不同青贮玉米品种生育时期
Table 2 The growth stage of different silage maize varieties
品种 Variety | 生育时期 Growth stages | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
播种期 Sowing stage (月-日 Month-day) | 出苗期 Emergence stage (月-日Month-day) | 拔节期 Elongation stage (月-日Month-day) | 抽穗期 Heading stage (月-日Month-day) | 开花期 Flowering stage (月-日Month-day) | 乳熟期 Milk stage (月-日Month-day) | 收获期 Harvesting date (月-日Month-day) | 生长天数 Growth days (d) | |
豫青贮23 Yu silage 23 | 04-17 | 05-06 | 05-22 | 07-19 | 07-23 | 08-18 | 09-01 | 136 |
东单60号Dongdan No.60 | 04-17 | 05-06 | 05-20 | 07-15 | 07-23 | 08-14 | 09-01 | 136 |
文玉3号Wenyu No.3 | 04-17 | 05-06 | 05-20 | 07-16 | 07-20 | 08-14 | 09-01 | 136 |
京科青贮516 Jingke silage 516 | 04-17 | 05-06 | 05-20 | 07-16 | 07-20 | 08-14 | 09-01 | 136 |
中科甜928 Zhongketian 928 | 04-17 | 05-06 | 05-20 | 07-18 | 07-23 | 08-14 | 09-01 | 136 |
东科301 Dongke 301 | 04-17 | 05-06 | 05-20 | 07-09 | 07-15 | 08-14 | 09-01 | 136 |
屯玉808 Tunyu 808 | 04-17 | 05-06 | 05-20 | 07-09 | 07-15 | 08-14 | 09-01 | 136 |
京科301 Jingke 301 | 04-17 | 05-06 | 05-22 | 07-09 | 07-18 | 08-18 | 09-01 | 136 |
图2 不同青贮玉米品种农艺性状不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),下同。The different lowercase letters mean significant differences (P<0.05), the same below.
Fig.2 Agronomic traits of different silage maize varieties
品种 Variety | 鲜草产量 Fresh grass yield (t·hm-2) | 干草产量 Hay grass yield (t·hm-2) | 粗蛋白产量 Crude protein yield (t·hm-2) | 干鲜比 Dry/fresh | 茎比重 Stem proportion (%) | 叶比重 Leaf proportion (%) | 穗比重 Ear proportion (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
豫青贮23 Yu silage 23 | 81.8±1.9a | 24.8±0.6bc | 1.67ab | 0.30c | 43.2±10.5a | 9.4±0.8ab | 47.5±10.9bc |
东单60号Dongdan No.60 | 80.2±1.6a | 21.1±0.4d | 1.36c | 0.26e | 37.7±1.4ab | 10.3±0.5a | 52.0±1.5abc |
文玉3号Wenyu No.3 | 78.9±2.5ab | 23.2±0.7cd | 1.75a | 0.29d | 42.7±9.1a | 8.4±0.5ab | 48.8±9.1bc |
京科青贮516 Jingke silage 516 | 78.1±2.1ab | 23.3±0.6bcd | 1.67ab | 0.30c | 32.3±1.8ab | 8.8±0.3ab | 58.9±1.8abc |
中科甜928 Zhongketian 928 | 80.7±1.7a | 21.3±0.5d | 1.47bc | 0.26e | 45.6±3.3a | 9.1±1.1ab | 45.3±4.2c |
东科301 Dongke 301 | 73.0±1.7bc | 29.0±0.7a | 1.85a | 0.40a | 27.5±3.2ab | 7.1±0.9b | 65.4±2.9ab |
屯玉808 Tunyu 808 | 65.3±2.0d | 12.8±0.4e | 0.76d | 0.20f | 31.8±4.3ab | 9.3±1.3ab | 58.9±5.7abc |
京科301 Jingke 301 | 68.2±2.8cd | 25.3±1.0b | 1.38c | 0.37b | 23.9±1.6b | 6.8±0.8b | 69.3±0.8a |
表3 不同青贮玉米品种生产性能
Table 3 Production performance of different silage maize varieties
品种 Variety | 鲜草产量 Fresh grass yield (t·hm-2) | 干草产量 Hay grass yield (t·hm-2) | 粗蛋白产量 Crude protein yield (t·hm-2) | 干鲜比 Dry/fresh | 茎比重 Stem proportion (%) | 叶比重 Leaf proportion (%) | 穗比重 Ear proportion (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
豫青贮23 Yu silage 23 | 81.8±1.9a | 24.8±0.6bc | 1.67ab | 0.30c | 43.2±10.5a | 9.4±0.8ab | 47.5±10.9bc |
东单60号Dongdan No.60 | 80.2±1.6a | 21.1±0.4d | 1.36c | 0.26e | 37.7±1.4ab | 10.3±0.5a | 52.0±1.5abc |
文玉3号Wenyu No.3 | 78.9±2.5ab | 23.2±0.7cd | 1.75a | 0.29d | 42.7±9.1a | 8.4±0.5ab | 48.8±9.1bc |
京科青贮516 Jingke silage 516 | 78.1±2.1ab | 23.3±0.6bcd | 1.67ab | 0.30c | 32.3±1.8ab | 8.8±0.3ab | 58.9±1.8abc |
中科甜928 Zhongketian 928 | 80.7±1.7a | 21.3±0.5d | 1.47bc | 0.26e | 45.6±3.3a | 9.1±1.1ab | 45.3±4.2c |
东科301 Dongke 301 | 73.0±1.7bc | 29.0±0.7a | 1.85a | 0.40a | 27.5±3.2ab | 7.1±0.9b | 65.4±2.9ab |
屯玉808 Tunyu 808 | 65.3±2.0d | 12.8±0.4e | 0.76d | 0.20f | 31.8±4.3ab | 9.3±1.3ab | 58.9±5.7abc |
京科301 Jingke 301 | 68.2±2.8cd | 25.3±1.0b | 1.38c | 0.37b | 23.9±1.6b | 6.8±0.8b | 69.3±0.8a |
品种 Variety | 耗水量 Evapotranspiration (mm) | 干物质水分利用效率 Dry matter water use efficiency (kg·hm-2·mm-1) | 氮肥偏生产力 Nitrogen partial productivity (kg·kg-1) |
---|---|---|---|
豫青贮23 Yu silage 23 | 378.8a | 65.5bc | 137.8bc |
东单60号 Dongdan No.60 | 389.6a | 54.2d | 117.4d |
文玉3号 Wenyu No.3 | 386.5a | 59.9c | 128.7cd |
京科青贮516 Jingke silage 516 | 370.6ab | 62.8bc | 129.3bcd |
中科甜928 Zhongketian 928 | 347.6b | 61.2bc | 118.2d |
东科301 Dongke 301 | 377.1a | 77.0a | 161.2a |
屯玉808 Tunyu 808 | 363.6ab | 35.3e | 71.3e |
京科301 Jingke 301 | 382.3a | 66.2b | 140.6b |
表4 不同青贮玉米品种耗水量、水分利用效率和氮肥偏生产力
Table 4 Evapotranspiration, water use efficiency and nitrogen partial productivity of different silage maize varieties
品种 Variety | 耗水量 Evapotranspiration (mm) | 干物质水分利用效率 Dry matter water use efficiency (kg·hm-2·mm-1) | 氮肥偏生产力 Nitrogen partial productivity (kg·kg-1) |
---|---|---|---|
豫青贮23 Yu silage 23 | 378.8a | 65.5bc | 137.8bc |
东单60号 Dongdan No.60 | 389.6a | 54.2d | 117.4d |
文玉3号 Wenyu No.3 | 386.5a | 59.9c | 128.7cd |
京科青贮516 Jingke silage 516 | 370.6ab | 62.8bc | 129.3bcd |
中科甜928 Zhongketian 928 | 347.6b | 61.2bc | 118.2d |
东科301 Dongke 301 | 377.1a | 77.0a | 161.2a |
屯玉808 Tunyu 808 | 363.6ab | 35.3e | 71.3e |
京科301 Jingke 301 | 382.3a | 66.2b | 140.6b |
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