基于植物-土壤反馈原理的退化草原免耕补播修复物种选择研究

doi:10.11686/cyxb2023041

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

草地退化导致适口性好的优良牧草比例减少或缺失，补播优良牧草是快速修复退化草地的有效途径。补播种的选择是影响补播成功与否的首要因素。本研究以内蒙古典型草原不同退化程度的草地为研究对象，提出一种退化草地免耕补播修复物种选择方法，方法如下：选择退化草地优势种对土壤进行驯化，与拟补播物种进行植物土壤反馈（PSF）试验；同时将该退化草地斑块土壤取回进行补播物种生长试验，测定各补播物种的生物量（Tb）和对土壤因子的响应。根据PSF和Tb进行补播物种筛选，优先选择对补播物种存在正反馈或中性反馈且Tb在不同草地植物斑块中差异不显著的物种。结果表明：以羊草为优势种的轻度退化草地适宜补播黄花苜蓿和无芒雀麦；以针茅为优势种的轻中度退化草地适宜补播羊草；以冷蒿为优势种的中度退化草地适宜补播胡枝子；以星毛委陵菜为优势种的重度退化草地可选择冰草这类对土壤属性变化不敏感的牧草。本研究首次建立了普适性的退化草地补播物种选择方法，为国内外退化草原免耕补播修复技术提供了理论支持。

关键词: 退化草地, 补播修复, 物种选择, 植物-土壤反馈

Abstract:

As the proportion of more nutritious forage species with good palatability in grassland is reduced or such species become absent due to grassland degradation， reseeding improved forages is an effective way to rapidly restore degraded grasslands. The selection of reseeding species is the primary factor affecting the success of reseeding. In this study， a method for selecting species for no-till reseeding restoration of degraded grassland was tested， using a typical grassland in Inner Mongolia with different degrees of degradation as the experiment site. Soil from degraded grassland patches was also retrieved for a growth test of potential species for reseeding， then the total biomass （Tb） and response to soil factors of each species were measured. Species were then selected for reseeding based on plant-soil feedback （PSF） and Tb， with preference given to species with positive or neutral feedback to the reseeded species and with non-significant differences in Tb between grassland plant patches. It was found that： Lightly degraded grassland with Leymus chinensis as the dominant species was best reseeded with Medicago falcata and Bromus inermis， lightly to moderately degraded grassland with Stipa capillata as the dominant species was best reseeded with L. chinensis， moderately degraded grasslands with Artemisia frigida as the dominant species were best reseeded with Lespedeza bicolor， and heavily degraded grasslands with Potentilla acaulis as the dominant species were best reseeded with Agropyron cristatum， which is not sensitive to changes in soil properties. This study is the first to establish a universal method for selecting species for replanting degraded grasslands， providing theoretical support for no-till reseeding restoration techniques for degraded grasslands both in China， and abroad.

Key words: degraded grassland, reseeding restoration, species selection, plant-soil feedback

郭美琪, 刘琳, 荆晶莹, 杨高文, 张英俊. 基于植物-土壤反馈原理的退化草原免耕补播修复物种选择研究[J]. 草业学报, 2023, 32(12): 14-23.

Mei-qi GUO, Lin LIU, Jing-ying JING, Gao-wen YANG, Ying-jun ZHANG. Species selection for no-tillage reseeding in grassland restoration based on plant-soil feedback[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2023, 32(12): 14-23.

图/表 10

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微生物 Microorganism	驯化土壤 Domesticated soil	Shannon指数 Shannon index	Chao1指数 Chao1 index
细菌Bacteria	羊草L. chinensis	6.76±0.0554ab	4712.1±177.0ab
	针茅S. capillata	6.84±0.0343a	4936.6±108.1a
	冷蒿A. frigida	6.75±0.0230b	4611.5±73.5b
真菌Fungi	羊草L. chinensis	4.19±0.3196a	731.7±58.9a
	针茅S. capillata	2.48±0.5452b	658.7±59.8a
	冷蒿A. frigida	4.02±0.2531a	686.7±46.2a

微生物 Microorganism	驯化土壤 Domesticated soil	Shannon指数 Shannon index	Chao1指数 Chao1 index
细菌Bacteria	羊草L. chinensis	6.76±0.0554ab	4712.1±177.0ab
	针茅S. capillata	6.84±0.0343a	4936.6±108.1a
	冷蒿A. frigida	6.75±0.0230b	4611.5±73.5b
真菌Fungi	羊草L. chinensis	4.19±0.3196a	731.7±58.9a
	针茅S. capillata	2.48±0.5452b	658.7±59.8a
	冷蒿A. frigida	4.02±0.2531a	686.7±46.2a

微生物 Microorganism	斑块种类 Types of patch	Shannon指数 Shannon index	Chao1指数 Chao1 index
细菌 Bacteria	羊草L. chinensis	5.35±0.038a	1089.50±46.200a
	冷蒿A. frigida	5.17±0.015b	989.28±148.450a
	星毛委陵菜P. acaulis	5.30±0.062a	1105.40±60.660a
真菌 Fungi	羊草L. chinensis	3.44±0.154a	710.65±70.398a
	冷蒿A. frigida	3.33±0.217a	618.04±61.608a
	星毛委陵菜P. acaulis	2.84±0.299b	629.44±79.628a

微生物 Microorganism	斑块种类 Types of patch	Shannon指数 Shannon index	Chao1指数 Chao1 index
细菌 Bacteria	羊草L. chinensis	5.35±0.038a	1089.50±46.200a
	冷蒿A. frigida	5.17±0.015b	989.28±148.450a
	星毛委陵菜P. acaulis	5.30±0.062a	1105.40±60.660a
真菌 Fungi	羊草L. chinensis	3.44±0.154a	710.65±70.398a
	冷蒿A. frigida	3.33±0.217a	618.04±61.608a
	星毛委陵菜P. acaulis	2.84±0.299b	629.44±79.628a

项目 Item	胡枝子 L. bicolor	紫花苜蓿 M. sativa	黄花苜蓿 M. falcata	羊草 L.chinensis	冰草 A. cristatum	无芒雀麦 B. inermis
羊草L.chinensis	→√	→√	↓√	→√	→√	↓√
针茅S. capillata	↑	→	→	↓	↑	→
冷蒿A. frigida	↑√	→×	→×	↓×	↑√	→×
星毛委陵菜P. acaulis	×	×	×	×	√	×