氮添加对退化高寒草地土壤微生物量碳氮的影响

doi:10.11686/cyxb2018429

草业学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (7): 38-48.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2018429

氮添加对退化高寒草地土壤微生物量碳氮的影响

王丽娜^{1, 2}, 罗久富^{1, 2}, 杨梅香^{1, 2}, 张利³, 刘学敏^{1, 2}, 邓东周⁴, 周金星^{1, 2, *}

1.北京林业大学,水土保持国家林业局重点实验室,北京100083;
2.北京林业大学,水土保持学院,云南建水荒漠生态系统国家定位观测研究站,北京100083;
3.阿坝州林业科学技术研究所,四川汶川623000;
4.四川省林业科学研究院,四川成都610066

收稿日期:2018-06-26 修回日期:2018-12-11 出版日期:2019-07-20 发布日期:2019-07-20
通讯作者: zjx001@bjfu.edu.cn
作者简介:王丽娜(1993-),女,云南大理人,在读硕士。E-mail: 15600755795@163.com
基金资助:
国家林业局公益性行业科技专项(201504401),国家科技支撑计划“川西北藏区高寒沙地适生治沙灌木材料培育及示范”(2015BAC05B01)和四川省科技计划项目“生态毯技术在若尔盖沙化治理中的运用与推广”(2016FZ0042)资助

Effects of nitrogen addition on the soil microbial biomass C and microbial biomass N in degraded alpine grassland in Zoige County

WANG Li-na^{1, 2}, LUO Jiu-fu^{1, 2}, YANG Mei-xiang^{1, 2}, ZHANG Li³, LIU Xue-min^{1, 2}, DENG Dong-zhou⁴, ZHOU Jin-xing^{1, 2, *}

1.Beijing Forestry University, Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing 100083, China;
2.Jianshui Research Station, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China;
3.Aba Prefecture Institute of Forestry Science and Technology, Wenchuan 623000, China;
4.Sichuan Academy of Forestry, Chengdu 610066, China

Received:2018-06-26 Revised:2018-12-11 Online:2019-07-20 Published:2019-07-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 若尔盖高寒草地生态系统脆弱,对环境因子的改变响应敏感。本试验以若尔盖高寒退化草地为研究对象,在2015-2016年每年返青期,以尿素作为氮源在野外开展控制试验,4个氮处理分别为CK(0 g·m^-2·a^-1)、N₅(5 g·m^-2·a^-1)、N₁₀(10 g·m^-2·a^-1)、N₂₀(20 g·m^-2·a^-1),分析了氮添加下4个不同退化程度的高寒草地土壤微生物量碳氮以及土壤理化性质的变化规律,探讨若尔盖高寒草地对氮添加的响应机制,旨在为脆弱生境草地的治理与恢复提供参考。结果表明,不同退化草地的土壤微生物量碳氮对氮添加的敏感性随退化程度加剧而逐渐降低。氮浓度20 g·m^-2·a^-1处理下土壤微生物量碳氮含量变化趋势发生显著变化:轻度退化草地>未退化草地>中度草地>重度退化草地。相关分析表明,土壤微生物量碳氮与速效磷、硝态氮、全氮、全磷、有机碳具有显著正相关,可在一定程度上表征土壤养分状况。氮添加下,土壤微生物量碳氮与土壤理化性质的相关关系发生变化,尤其在N₂₀处理下土壤微生物量碳、氮与其他理化因子间无显著相关关系,需要进一步从土壤微生物对土壤养分的吸收利用方面解释其原因。氮浓度变化显著改变土壤微生物C/N:CK重度退化草地的土壤微生物量碳氮比显著高于其他3个退化样地。N₅和N₁₀条件下不同退化草地土壤微生物C/N无显著差异,而N₂₀处理下未退化草地土壤微生物C/N与CK比显著提高33.7%,而重度退化草地与CK比下降了62.5%,说明氮添加在一定程度上对土壤微生物的组成和群落结构产生了影响。

关键词: 氮添加, 高寒退化草地, 土壤养分, 微生物量碳氮, 土壤微生物量碳氮比

Abstract: Alpine meadow is a fragile and vulnerable ecotone in northern Tibet, characterized by high altitude, low temperatures and limited precipitation. Low soil nitrogen availability in these meadows is a key factor limiting the productivity of the grassland. Increasing nitrogen deposition can change C and N cycling dynamics in this ecosystem. The research reported in this paper explored the impact of N addition on soil microbial biomass C and N for four grassland categories in the alpine meadow region of Zoige County: non-degradation grassland (NDG), light degradation grassland (LDG), moderate degradation grassland (MDG), and serious degradation grassland (SDG). In 2015 and 2016, urea was applied to plots during the return of green growth in spring, at rates of nitrogen concentrations 0, 5, 10 and 20 g·m^-2 (denoted CK, N₅, N₁₀ and N₂₀, respectively), in which the nitrogen concentrations of 5, 10 and 20 g·m^-2 were equivalent to urea application amounts of 10.78, 21.55, 43.10 g·m^-2. The results showed that soil microbial biomass C and N were sensitive to N addition but this response diminished with incrfeasing level of grassland degradation. N addition changed the relationship between soil microbial biomass C, microbial biomass N, and also other soil parameters, such as available phosphorus, nitrate nitrogen, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, total organic carbon, pH, and soil moisture content. Correlation of soil microbial biomass C or N with and other environmental factors was not significant, especially for the N₂₀ treatment. Grassland degradation and nitrogen addition can also greatly impact on the ratio of soil microbial biomass C and soil microbial biomass N (SMBC∶SMBN). For the CK treatment, SMBC∶SMBN was significantly higher in serious degradation grassland than in the other three grassland degradation categories. Under the N₅ and N₁₀ treatments, SMBC∶SMBN showed no significant difference between plots of the four degradation categories. However, in non-degradation grassland, the SMBC∶SMBN for the N₂₀ treatment was 33.7% higher than in the CK treatment. In contrast, in serious degradation grassland, SMBC∶SMBN decreased 62.5% for the N₂₀ treatment, compared to the CK treatment. The results indicate that the structure and composition of the soil microbial community is significantly changed following N fertilizer addition to the alpine meadow grassland.

Key words: nitrogen addition, alpine degraded grassland, soil nutrient, soil microbial biomass, soil microbial biomass C/N

王丽娜, 罗久富, 杨梅香, 张利, 刘学敏, 邓东周, 周金星. 氮添加对退化高寒草地土壤微生物量碳氮的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2019, 28(7): 38-48.

WANG Li-na, LUO Jiu-fu, YANG Mei-xiang, ZHANG Li, LIU Xue-min, DENG Dong-zhou, ZHOU Jin-xing. Effects of nitrogen addition on the soil microbial biomass C and microbial biomass N in degraded alpine grassland in Zoige County[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2019, 28(7): 38-48.

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氮添加对退化高寒草地土壤微生物量碳氮的影响

Effects of nitrogen addition on the soil microbial biomass C and microbial biomass N in degraded alpine grassland in Zoige County

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