三种荒漠植物种子萌发的水热响应

草业学报 ›› 2009, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (3): 171-177.

三种荒漠植物种子萌发的水热响应

黄文达,王彦荣^*,胡小文

兰州大学草地农业科技学院,甘肃兰州730020

收稿日期:2008-07-31 出版日期:2009-06-20 发布日期:2009-06-20
作者简介:黄文达(1980-),女,甘肃平川人,硕士。E-mail:huangwd04@lzu.cn
基金资助:
国家基础研究发展计划(973项目)(2007CB108904)资助。

Germination responses of three desert plants to temperature and water potential

HUANG Wen-da, WANG Yan-rong, HU Xiao-wen

College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China

Received:2008-07-31 Online:2009-06-20 Published:2009-06-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 种子萌发水热模型量化了温度和水分对种子萌发的作用,是开展种子生理生态研究的重要方法之一。本研究测定了采自内蒙古阿拉善干旱荒漠区的无芒隐子草、多裂骆驼蓬和雾滨藜3种荒漠植物种子在15,20,25,30℃恒温、-2.1～0 MPa水势条件下种子的累计萌发率和萌发速率(1/t₅₀),利用水热模型对萌发的水分时间累计值(θ_H)和温度时间累计值(θ_T)进行了估测。结果表明,3种供试植物种子的累计萌发率与水分呈极显著正相关(r²=0.54～0.93, P＜0.01);除多裂骆驼蓬(发芽率未达到50%)外,其他2种植物种子的萌发速率也与水分呈极显著正相关(r²=0.66～0.95, P＜0.01)。3种种子萌发的水分时间累计值的变化因温度而异,在15～25℃内都表现为多裂骆驼蓬＜雾滨藜＜无芒隐子草;萌发的温度时间累计值(θ_T)亦因渗透势的变化而变化,在0～-1.5 MPa水势间都表现为多裂骆驼蓬＜雾滨藜＜无芒隐子草。

Abstract: The hydrothermal model that quantifies seed germination progress affected by temperature and water potential, is one of the important methods in the physiological and ecological researches of seed. Seed germination percentage and germination rates (1/t₅₀) of three desert plants Cleistogenes songorica,Peganum multisectum and Bassia dasyphylla collected from Alashan desert grassland, Inner Mongolia were estimated under the water potential ranging from -2.1 to 0 MPa at 15, 20, 25, and 30℃. The hydrotime (θ_H) and thermaltime (θ_T) were estimated by using the hydrothermal model. Significant positive correlations were observed between the germination percentages of three desert plants and the osmotic potentials (r²=0.54-0.96, P＜0.01), and between the germination rates (1/t₅₀) and the osmotic potentials (r²=0.66-0.95, P＜0.01) except P. multisectum ( of which the germination percentage was less than 50% from -2.1 to 0 MPa at 15, 20, and 25℃). θ_H varied with temperature change (P＜0.05) from 15 to 25℃ appearing P. multisectum＜B. dasyphylla＜C. songorica. And θ_T varied with osmotic potential change from -1.5 to 0 MPa, showing similar order.

中图分类号:

黄文达,王彦荣,胡小文. 三种荒漠植物种子萌发的水热响应[J]. 草业学报, 2009, 18(3): 171-177.

HUANG Wen-da, WANG Yan-rong, HU Xiao-wen. Germination responses of three desert plants to temperature and water potential[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2009, 18(3): 171-177.

参考文献

[1]丁国栋. 沙漠学概论[M[. 北京:中国林业出版社, 2002. 149-152.
[2]傅家瑞. 种子生理[M[. 北京:中国农业出版社, 1992. 18-21, 68-70.
[3]韩建国. 实用牧草种子学[M[. 北京:中国农业大学出版社, 1997. 110-112.
[4]刘祖琪, 张石城. 植物抗性生理[M[. 北京:中国农业出版社, 1994. 8-87.
[5]颜启传. 种子学[M[. 北京:中国农业出版社, 2001. 97-102.
[6]杨鑫光, 傅华, 牛得草. 干旱胁迫下幼苗期霸王的生理响应[J[. 草业学报, 2007, 16(5): 107-112.
[7]叶常丰, 戴心维. 种子学[M[. 北京:中国农业出版社, 1994. 249-304.
[8]中山包[日[. 发芽生理学[M[. 北京:中国农业出版社, 1988. 212-226.
[9]周志宇. 阿拉善荒漠草地类初级营养类型研究[M[. 兰州: 甘肃科学技术出版社, 1990. 139-162.
[10]中国沙漠植物志[M[. 北京:科学出版社, 1987.
[11]鱼小军, 王彦荣, 曾彦军, 等. 温度和水分对无芒隐子草和条叶车前种子萌发的影响[J[. 生态学报, 2004, 24(5):883-886.
[12]鱼小军, 王彦荣, 张建全. 无芒隐子草和条叶车前种子破除休眠研究[J[. 草业学报, 2004, 13(6): 45-49.
[13]邰建辉, 王彦荣, 陈谷. 无芒隐子草种子萌发、出苗和幼苗生长对土壤水分的响应[J[. 草业学报, 2008, 17(3): 105-110.
[14]马骥, 王勋陵, 赵松岭. 骆驼蓬属种子萌发条件与更新生态位的研究[J[. 草业学报, 1996, 5(3): 76-80.
[15]刘建新, 胡浩斌, 赵国林. 多裂骆驼蓬中生物碱类物质对玉米幼苗生长及某些生理特性的影响[J[. 草业学报, 2007, 16(1): 75-80.
[16]刘志民, 李雪华, 李荣平, 等. 科尔沁沙地31种1年生植物萌发特性比较研究[J[. 生态学报, 2004, 24(3): 648-653.
[17]李荣平, 蒋德明, 刘志民, 等. 沙埋对六种沙生植物种子萌发和幼苗出土的影响[J[. 应用生态学报, 2004, 15(10): 1865-1868.
[18]Covell S, Eills E H, Summerfield R J. The influence of temperature on seed germination rate in grain legumes.Ⅰ. A comparison of chickpea, lentil, soybean and cowpea at constant temperature[J[. Journal of Experimental Botany, 1986, 37: 705-715.
[19]Eills R H, Covell S, Roberts E H, et al. The influence of temperature on seed germination rate in grain legumes.Ⅱ. Intraspecific variation in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)[J[. Journal of Experimental Botany, 1986, 37: 1503-1515.
[20]Labouriau L G. On the physiology of seed germination in Vicia graminea Sm[J[. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias, 1970, 42: 235-262.
[21]Bradford K J. A water relation analysis of seed germination rates[J[. Plant Physiology, 1990, 94: 840-849.
[22]Bradford K J. Water relation in seed germination rates[A[. Seed Development and Germination[M[. UAS: CRC Press, 1995. 351-396.
[23]Dehal P, Badford K J. Effects of priming and endosperm intergrity on seed germination rates of tomato genotype.Ⅱ. Germination at reduced water potential[J[. Journal of Experimental Botany, 1990, 41: 1441-1453.
[24]Gummerson R J. The effect of constant temperatures and osmotic potentials on the germination of sugar beet[J[. Journal of Experimental Botany, 1986, 37: 729-741.
[25]Kebreab E, Murdoch A J. A quantitative model for loss of primary dormancy and induction of secondary dormancy in imbibed seeds of Orobanche spp[J[. Journal of Experimental Botany, 1999, 50: 211-219.
[26]Michel E M, Kaufmann M R. The osmotic potential of polyethylene glycol 6000[J[. Plant Physiology, 1973, 51: 914-916.
[27]Finch-Savage W E. Embryo water status and survival in the recalcitrant species Quercus robur L: Evidence for a critial moisture-content[J[. Journal of Experimental Botany, 1992, 43: 663-669.
[28]Borisova I V. Germination capacity and patterns of seed germination in some steppe and meadow plants of Mongolia[J[. Botanic Zhur, 1994, 79(10): 69-75.
[29]Li L, Wang G. Seed germination strategy: Theary and practice[J[. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2003, 23(3): 1165-1174.
[30]Romo J T, Haferkamp M R. Forage kochia germination response to temperature, water stress and specificion[J[. Agronomy Journal, 1987, 79: 27-30.
[31]曾彦军, 王彦荣, 庄光辉, 等. 红砂和霸王种子萌发对干旱与播深条件的响应[J[. 生态学报, 2004, 24(8): 1629-1634.