日粮补充苹果酸对牛瘤胃发酵和养分消化代谢的影响

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 选用8头体重462 kg、年龄3岁、装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的西门塔尔牛阉牛,采用4×4重复拉丁方设计,对照组饲喂基础日粮,处理组分别在基础日粮基础上添加苹果酸70,140和210 g/d,研究苹果酸对西门塔尔牛瘤胃发酵、尿嘌呤衍生物含量、日粮养分表观消化率、能量代谢及氮平衡的影响。结果表明,140和210 g/d组瘤胃pH值显著低于对照组,瘤胃乙酸摩尔比、乙酸/丙酸、氨态氮浓度和乳酸含量显著低于对照组和70 g/d组(P<0.05),瘤胃总挥发性脂肪酸浓度、丙酸和丁酸摩尔比显著高于对照组和100 g/d组(P<0.05)。140 g/d组玉米秸秆干物质、有机物质、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维瘤胃有效降解率显著高于对照组(P<0.05);210 g/d组混合精料干物质、有机物质和粗蛋白质瘤胃有效降解率显著低于对照组、70和140 g/d组(P<0.05)。140 g/d组尿囊素和尿嘌呤衍生物含量显著高于70和210 g/d组及对照组(P<0.05);140和210 g/d组有机物质、粗脂肪、无氮浸出物、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维表观消化率显著高于对照组(P<0.05);140 g/d组消化能、代谢能、沉积能及沉积能/消化能显著高于对照组(P<0.05);140 g/d组沉积氮显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。综合各项指标,苹果酸的适宜添加水平为140 g/d。

Abstract: This study evaluated the effects of malic acid on rumen fermentation, urinary excretion of purine derivatives, nutrient digestibility, energy metabolism, and nitrogen balance of steers. Eight ruminally cannulated Simmental steers were used in a replicated 4×4 Latin square experiment. The treatment without malic acid was the control, and treatments 1, 2, and 3 were supplemented with 70, 140, and 210 g malic acid per steer per day, respectively. Ruminal pH of steers supplemented with malic acid at 140 and 210 g/d was significantly (P<0.05) lower than that in the control. The ratio of acetate to propionate, ruminal ammonia nitrogen and ruminal lactate concentrations of steers supplemented with malic acid at 140 and 210 g/d were significantly (P<0.05) lower than those at 70 and in the control. Total VFA concentration and the molar proportions of propionate and butyrate of steers supplemented with malic acid at 140 and 210 g/d were significantly (P<0.05) greater than those at 70 and in the control. Ruminal dry matter, organic matter, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber degradation of corn straw in the 140 g/d malic acid treatment were significantly (P<0.05) greater than those in the control. Ruminal dry matter, organic matter and crude protein degradation of concentrate in the 210 g/d malic acid treatment were significantly (P<0.05) lower than those in thte other treatments. Allantoin concentration and urinary excretion of purine derivatives of steers in the 140 g/d malic acid treatment were significantly (P<0.05) greater than those in the 70, 210 g/d treatments and in the control. Dietary organic matter, nitrogen free extract, ether extract, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber digestibilities of steers supplemented with malic acid at 140 and 210 g/d were significantly (P<0.05) greater than those in the control. Digestible energy, metabolizable energy, retention energy and the ratio of retention energy to digestible energy of steers in the 140 g/d malic acid treatment were significantly (P<0.05) greater than those in the control. Retention nitrogen of steers in the 140 g/d malic acid treatment was significantly (P<0.05) higher than that in the control. The results indicated that the optimum dose of malic acid supplement was 140 g/d.

中图分类号:

S823

王聪,刘强,董群,杨效民,贺东昌,董宽虎. 日粮补充苹果酸对牛瘤胃发酵和养分消化代谢的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2009, 18(3): 224-231.

WANG Cong, LIU Qiang, DONG Qun, YANG Xiao-min, HE Dong-chang, DONG Kuan-hu. Effects of malic acid supplementation on rumen fermentation, nutrient digestion
and metabolism in Simmental steer[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2009, 18(3): 224-231.

参考文献

[1]Linehan B, Scheifinger C C, Wolin M J. Nutritional requirements of Selenomonas ruminatium for growth on lactate, glycerol or glucose[J[. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 1978, 35: 317.
[2]Martin S A, Streeter M N. Effect of malate on in vitro mixed ruminal microorganism fermentation[J[. Journal of Animal Science, 1995, 73(7): 2141-2145.
[3]Caldwell D R, Bryant M P. Medium without rumen fluid for non selective enumeration and isolation of rumen bacteria[J[. Applied Microbiology, 1966, 14(5): 794-801.
[4]Martin S A, Sullivan H M, Evans D J. Effect of sugars and malate on ruminal microorganisms[J[. Journal of Dairy Science, 2000, 83(11): 2574-2579.
[5]Martin S A, Streeter M N. Effect of malate on in vitro mixed ruminal microorganism fermentation[J[. Journal of Animal Science, 1995, 73(7): 2141-2145.
[6]Martin S A, Streeter M N, Nisbet D J, et al. Effects of DL-malate on ruminal metabolism and performance of cattle fed a high-concentrate diet[J[. Journal of Animal Science, 1999, 77(4): 1008-1015.
[7]Carro M D, Ranilla M J. Effect of the addition of malate on in vitro rumen fermentation of cereal grains[J[. British Journal of Nutrition, 2003, 89(2): 181-188.
[8]Nisbet D J, Martin S A. Effect of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae culture on lactate utilization by the ruminal bacterium Selenomonas ruminantium[J[. Journal of Animal Science, 1991, 69(11): 4628-4633.
[9]Carro M D, López S, Valdés C, et al. Effect of DL-malate on mixed ruminal microorganism fermentation using the rumen simulation technique[J[. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 1999, 79(4): 279-288.
[10]Streeter M N, Nisbet D J, Martin S A, et al. Effect of malate on ruminal metabolism and performance of steers fed a high concentrate diet[J[. Journal of Animal Science, 1994, 72(Supplement 1): 384.
[11]Sniffen C J, Ballard C S, Carter M P, et al. Effects of malic acid on microbial efficiency and metabolism in continuous culture of rumen contents and on performance of mid-lactation dairy cows[J[. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2006, 127(1-2): 13-31.
[12]Gómez J A, Tejido M L, Carro M D. Influence of disodium malate on microbial growth and fermentation in rumen-simulation technique fermenters receiving medium-and high-concentrate diets[J[. British Journal of Nutrition, 2005, 93(4): 479-484.
[13]Carro M D, Ranilla M J, Giráldez F J, et al. Effects of malate on diet digestibility, microbial protein synthesis, plasma metabolites, and performance of growing lambs fed a high-concentrate diet[J[. Journal of Animal Science, 2006, 84(2): 405-410.
[14]Alferez J C M. Production and intake response of dairy cows fed four levels of malic acid[D[. M. S. Thesis, Utah State University, Logan, 1978.
[15]Stallcup O T. Influence of addition of dl-malic acid to diets of lactating dairy cows[J[. Journal of Dairy Science, 1979, 62(Supplement 1): 225-226.
[16]Montao M F, Chai W, Zinn-Ware T E, et al. Influence of malic acid supplementation on ruminal pH, lactic acid utilization, and digestive function in steers fed high-concentrate finishing diets[J[. Journal of Animal Science, 1999, 77(3): 780-784.
[17]Kung L, Huber J T, Krummrey J D, et al. Influence of adding malic acid to dairy cattle rations on milk production, rumen volatile acids, digestibility, and nitrogen utilization[J[. Journal of Dairy Science, 1982, 65(7): 1170-1174.
[18]Castillo C, Beneditio J L, Méndez J, et al. Organic acids as a substitute for monensin in diets for beef cattle[J[. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2004, 115(1-2): 101-116.
[19]Callaway T R, Martin S A, Wampler J L, et al. Malate content of forage varieties commonly fed to cattle[J[. Journal of Dairy Science, 1997, 80(8): 1651-1655.
[20]冯仰廉. 肉牛营养需要和营养标准[M[. 北京:中国农业大学出版社, 2000. 19-26.
[21]杨胜. 饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术[M[. 北京: 北京农业大学出版社, 1996. 16-35.
[22]刘强,黄应祥,苗朝华,等. 日粮添加赛乐硒对西门塔尔牛瘤胃发酵和尿嘌呤衍生物含量的影响[J[. 草业学报, 2007, 16(3): 101-107.
[23]冯仰廉. 反刍动物营养学[M[. 北京: 科学出版社, 2004. 372, 575-576.
[24]Van Soest P J, Robertson J B, Lewis B A. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition[J[. Journal of Dairy Science, 1991, 74(6): 3583-3597.
[25]rskov E R, DeB Hovell F D, Mould F. The use of the nylon bag technique for the evaluation of feedstuffs[J[. Tropical Animal Production, 1980, 5(3): 195-213.
[26]Liu Q, Wang C, Huang Y X, et al. Effects of Sel-Plex on rumen fermentation and purine derivatives in Simmental steers[J[. Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences, 2007,16(Supplement 2): 133-138.
[27]International Atomic Energy Agency. Estimation of rumen microbial protein production from purine derivatives in urine[A[. A Laboratory Manual for the FAO/IAEA Co-ordinated Research Programme on Development, Standardization and Validation of Nuclear Based Technologies for Measuring Microbial Protein Supply in Ruminant Livestock for Improving Productivity[M[. Vienna, IAEA: IAEA-TECDOC-945, 1997. 22-24.
[28]袁缨. 动物营养学实验教程[M[. 北京:中国农业大学出版社, 2006. 66-78.
[29]郭城. 家畜能量代谢试验采气装置的研制[J[. 中国人民解放军兽医大学学报, 1982, 2(2): 192-198.
[30]郭城. 家畜气体能量代谢试验采气方法的研究[J[. 中国畜牧杂志, 1984, 20(3): 7-9.
[31]杨凤. 动物营养学(第二版)[M[. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2001. 174.
[32]Russell J B, Wilson D B. Why are ruminal cellulolytic bacteria unable to digest cellulose at low pH?[J[. Journal of Dairy Science, 1996, 79(8):1503-1509.
[33]Satter L D, Slyter L L. Effect of ammonia concentration on rumen microbial protein production in vitro[J[. British Journal of Nutrition, 1974, 32(2): 199-208.
[34]Aufrère J, Graviou D, Demarquilly C. Ruminal degradation of protein of cocksfoot and perennial ryegrass as affected by various stages of growth and conservation methods[J[. Animal Research, 2003, 52(2): 245-261.
[35]Paggi R A, Fay J P, Fernandez H M. Effect of short-chain acids and propylene glycol on the proteolytic activity of rumen fluid[J[. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 1999, 78(1): 341-347.
[36]赵祥, 董宽虎, 王永新, 等. 不同精粗比全混合饲料在绵羊瘤胃内的降解动态[J[. 草业学报, 2005,14(3): 62-66.
[37]王聪,黄应祥,刘强,等. 硫酸铜对西门塔尔牛瘤胃发酵和尿嘌呤衍生物含量的影响[J[. 草业学报,2008,17(1):80-84.