黄土丘陵沟壑区退耕地土壤种子库特征与季节动态

草业学报 ›› 2009, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (3): 43-52.

黄土丘陵沟壑区退耕地土壤种子库特征与季节动态

王宁^1,3,贾燕锋^1,3,白文娟^1,3,张振国^1,3,焦菊英^1,2*

1.中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌 712100;
2.西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,
陕西杨凌 712100;
3.中国科学院研究生院,北京 100039

收稿日期:2008-09-01 出版日期:2009-06-20 发布日期:2009-06-20
作者简介:王宁(1982-),男,河北保定人,在读博士。E-mail:wangni012234@sohu.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目 (40771126;40571094)资助。

The character and dynamics with season of soil seed banks in abandoned croplands of loess gully region

WANG Ning^1,3, JIA Yan-feng^1,3, BAI Wen-juan^1,3, ZHANG Zhen-guo^1,3, JIAO Ju-ying^1,2

1.Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources,
Yangling 712100, China;
2.Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest Sci-techonology
University of Agriculture and Forestry, Yangling 712100, China;
3.Graduate School of the
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China

Received:2008-09-01 Online:2009-06-20 Published:2009-06-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 采用野外样线取样与室内萌发相结合的方法研究了黄土高原丘陵沟壑区退耕地种子库的组成、密度、分布特征、季节动态、种子库类型。结果表明,土壤种子库中共发现50种植物的种子,隶属15个科,39个属,主要物种组成与密度季节间差异不显著;在演替过程中土壤种子库的物种数量与密度随退耕年限的增加表现出:增加-减少-增加的趋势,同时阳坡种子库密度波动较阴坡剧烈;土壤种子库密度年内变化范围为1 067～14 717粒/m²,土壤种子库平均密度是夏季＞秋季＞春季;研究区域退耕地土壤种子库类型属于以猪毛蒿为优势种,并具有其他一年生、多年生草本植物与灌丛种子的没有显著的季节动态的持久种子库,是物种适应黄土丘陵沟壑区特有生态环境条件的繁殖更新策略;从土壤种子库的物种组成、密度、类型来看,黄土丘陵沟壑区退耕地具有一定的自然恢复潜力。

Abstract: Samples were collected along two 10 m sections and a germination experiment was carried out in the laboratory to investigate the composition, density, type, and distribution at different times and spaces of the seed bank. There were 50 species belonging to 39 genera and 15 families in the soil seed bank. The density and composition of the main species in the bank were not significantly different between seasons. During the succession, the number of species and the density of the bank initially increased, then declined, and finally increased again. However, the seed bank density changed more acutely during the year, ranging from 1 067 to 14 717 seed/m², with the maximum value in summer, the medium in autumn, and the minimum in spring. The soil seed bank in the study field was persistent with Artemisia scoparia the main species coexisting with other annual vegetation, perennials and shrubs. Additionally, in the field, the soil seed bank did not change notably with the season. There is some potential for vegetation restoration using the soil seed bank.

中图分类号:

王宁,贾燕锋,白文娟,张振国,焦菊英. 黄土丘陵沟壑区退耕地土壤种子库特征与季节动态[J]. 草业学报, 2009, 18(3): 43-52.

WANG Ning, JIA Yan-feng, BAI Wen-juan, ZHANG Zhen-guo, JIAO Ju-ying. The character and dynamics with season of soil seed banks in abandoned croplands of loess gully region[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2009, 18(3): 43-52.

参考文献

[1]王国梁,刘国彬,刘芳,等.黄土沟壑区植被恢复过程中植物群落组成及结构变化[J[.生态学报,2003,(12):2550-2557.
[2]吕仕洪,向悟生,李先琨,等.红壤侵蚀区植被恢复研究综述[J[.广西植物,2003,23(1): 83-89.
[3]Tian J L. Restoring the eco-environment in conformity natural law: Some considerations on the vegetation restoration on the Loess Plateau[J[. Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2003,17(2): 101-106.
[4]穆兴民,徐学选,王文龙,等.黄土高原人工林对区域深层土壤水环境的影响[J[.土壤学报,2003,40(2):210-217.
[5]李玉山.黄土高原森林植被对陆地水循环影响的研究[J[.自然资源学报, 2001,16(5):427-432.
[6]Prach K. Spontaneous succession in Central-European man-made habitats: What information can be used in restoration practice[J[. Applied Vegetation Science,2003,6:125-129.
[7]Carla K, Arnaud M, Jacques M. Spontaneous vegetation dynamics and restoration prospects for limestone quarries in Lebanon[J[. Applied Vegetation Science,2003,6:199-204.
[8]Harper J L. Population Biology of Plants[M[. New York, USA: Academic Press, 1977.
[9]Thompson K,Grime J E. Seasonal variation in the seed banks of herbaceous species in ten contrasting habitats[J[.Journal of Ecology, 1979,67:893-921.
[10]Leishmanm W.Seed size and shape are not related to persistence in soil in Australia in the same way as in Britain[J[. Functional Ecology,1998,12:480-485.
[11]Angus D,Stephen W. The persistence of calcareous grassland species in the soil seed bank under developing and established scrub[J[. Plant Ecology,1998,136: 27-39.
[12]Chang E R, Jefferies R L, Carleton T J. Relationship between vegetation and soil seed banks in an artic coastal marsh[J[. Journal of Ecology,2001,89: 367-384.
[13]Pugnaire F I, Lázaro R. Seed bank and under storey species composition in a semi-arid environment: The effect of shrub age and rainfall[J[. Annals of Botany,2000,86:807-813.
[14]Akinola M O, Thompson K, Buckland S M. Soil seed bank of an upland calcareous grassland after 6 years of climate and management manipulations[J[. Journal of Applied Ecology, 1998,35:544-552.
[15]Tracy B F, Sanderson M A. Seed bank diversity in grazing lands of the Northeast United States[J[. Journal of Range Management,2000,53:114-118.
[16]王俊,白瑜.土壤种子库研究的几个热点问题[J[.生态环境, 2006,15(6):1372-1379.
[17]张咏梅,何静,潘开文,等.土壤种子库对原有植被恢复的贡献[J[.应用与环境生物学报,2003,9(3):326-332.
[18]王辉,任继周.子午岭主要森林类型土壤种子库研究[J[.干旱地区资源与环境,2004,18(3):130-136.
[19]王辉,任继周.子午岭油松林土壤种子库研究[J[.甘肃农业大学学报,2004,39(1):1-5.
[20]陈智平,王辉,袁宏波. 子午岭辽东栎林土壤种子库及种子命运研究[J[. 甘肃农业大学学报, 2005,40(1):7-12.
[21]程积民,万惠娥,胡相明.黄土高原草地土壤种子库与草地更新[J[. 土壤学报, 2006,43(4):679-683.
[22]白文娟,焦菊英,张振国.安塞黄土丘陵沟壑区退耕地的土壤种子库特征[J[.中国水土保持科学,2007,5(2):65-72.
[23]白文娟,焦菊英,张振国.黄土丘陵沟壑区退耕地土壤种子库与地上植被的关系[J[.草业学报,2007,16(6):30-38.
[24]冯秀,仝川,丁勇,等.土壤种子库在植被恢复与重建中的作用与潜力[J[.内蒙古大学学报(自然科学版),2007,38(1):102-108.
[25]李代琼,姜峻,梁一民,等.安塞黄土丘陵区人工草地水分有效利用研究[J[.水土保持研究,1996,3(2):66-74.
[26]张玲,李广贺,张旭.土壤种子库研究综述[J[.生态学杂志,2004,23(2):114-120.
[27]Thompson K, Bakker J P, Bekker R M. The Soil Seed Banks of North West Europe: Methodology, Density and Longevity[M[. Landon: Cambridge University Press,1997.
[28]马克平.群落多样性测定方法Ⅰ——α多样性测定[J[.生物多样性,1994,(2):162-168.
[29]武高林,杜国祯,尚占环.种子大小及其命运对植被更新贡献研究进展[J[.应用生态学报,2006,17(10):1969-1972.
[30]杜峰,梁宗锁,徐学选,等.陕北黄土丘陵区撂荒演替中期群落比较异质性研究[J[.草业学报,2007,16(5):40-47.
[31]温仲明,焦峰,赫晓慧,等.黄土高原森林边缘区退耕地植被自然恢复及其对土壤养分变化的影响[J[.草业学报,2007,16(1):16-23.
[32]周萍,刘国彬,侯喜禄.黄土丘陵区铁杆蒿群落植被特性及土壤养分特征研究[J[.草业学报,2008,17(2):9-18.
[33]Levassor C, Ortega M, Peco B. Seed bank dynamics of Mediterranean pastures subjected to mechanical disturbance[J[. Journal of Vegetation Science,1990,(1):339-344.
[34]李宁,冯固,田长彦.塔克拉玛干沙漠北缘土壤种子库特征及动态[J[.中国科学D辑(地球科学),2006,36(增刊Ⅱ): 110-118.
[35]燕雪飞,杨允菲.松嫩平原碱化草甸两个群落土壤种子库动态[J[.生态学杂志,2007,26(6): 822-825.
[36]赵文智,白四明.科尔沁沙地围封草地种子库特征[J[.中国沙漠,2001,6(2):204-208.
[37]赵丽娅,李锋瑞,张华,等.科尔沁沙地围封沙质草甸土壤种子库特征的研究[J[.生态学杂志,2004,23(2):45-49.
[38]熊利明,钟章成,李旭光.亚热带常绿阀叶林不同演替阶段土壤种子库的初步研究[J[.植物生态学与地植物学学报,1992,16(3):249-256.
[39]Greipsson W, Davy A J. Seed mass and germination behavior in populations of the dune-building grass Leymus arenarius[J[. Annals of Botany, 1995,76: 493-501.
[40]Happer N W, Overholt J R, Martin J R. Effect of cultivar, temperature and seed size on the germination and emergence of soya beans(Glycinemax (L.) Merr.)[J[. Annals of Botany,1979,44: 301-308.
[41] Rees M. Delayed germination of seeds: A look at the effects of adult longevity, the timing of reproduction, and population age/stage structure[J[. American Naturalist,1994,144:43-64.
[42]刘志民,蒋德明,高红瑛,等.植物生活史繁殖对策与干扰关系的研究[J[.应用生态学报,2003,14(3):418-422.