河北省草地资源分布及植被特征动态

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 根据河北省2005-2007年草地地面调查,结合1979-1984年河北省草地调查资料,确定了河北省草地类型、面积、分布及物种组成特征,并对河北省草地盖度、高度和产草量年际变化动态进行了监测研究。结果表明,1)草地类型、面积及分布:河北省有温性草甸草原、温性草原、暖性灌草丛、暖性草丛、山地草甸草原、低地草甸、沼泽草地等7个草地类型;草地分布分为坝上高原区、山地丘陵区草地及滨海平原区;2)草地产量(干草):暖性灌草丛(5 133.35 kg/hm²)＞暖性草丛(4 182.22 kg/hm²)＞山地草甸(坝上高原区)(3 268.35 kg/hm²)＞温性草甸草原(2 665.94 kg/hm²)＞山地草甸(山地丘陵区)(2 111.55 kg/hm²)＞低地草甸(1 872.44 kg/hm²)＞温性草原(1 103.29 kg/hm²),暖性灌草丛产量最高,温性草原产量最低。3)草地植被盖度:山地草甸(坝上高原区)(93.97%)＞山地草甸(山地丘陵区)(82.60%)＞低地草甸(82.26%)＞暖性灌草丛(79.70%)＞暖性草丛(76.91%)＞温性草甸草原(71.59%)＞温性草原(57.63%),山地草甸的植被盖度最大,温性草原的植被盖度最小。4)草地植被高度:暖性草丛(49.25 cm)＞暖性灌草丛(34.18 cm)＞山地草甸(坝上高原区)(28.88 cm)＞温性草甸(26.22 cm)＞山地草甸(山地丘陵区)(21.98 cm)＞温性草原(19.77 cm)＞低地草甸(18.77 cm),暖性草丛草地植被高度最高,低地草甸草地植被高度最低。5)草地植被动态:2006年草地植被基本以正向波动为主,2005和2007年基本以负向波动为主,其中2007年植被负向波动率大于2005年植被负向波动率。按草地类型,暖性草丛类草地年际波动幅度最大,温性草原草地次之,温性草甸草地的年际波动幅度最小,其他类草地年际波动幅度介于暖性草丛类草地、温性草原类草地与低地草甸类草地之间。

Abstract: Open-air survey data from 110 plots and 330 quadrats (not including output examination spots) obtained from a Hebei grassland survey from 2005 to 2007 and a grassland survey of Hebei materials from 1979 to 1984, were used to investigate the grassland vegetation coverage, height, production, and vegetation fluctuation. Grassland vegetation quantitative fluctuation and its fluctuation ratio between 2005 and 2007 were calculated, and rangeland types, area and their spatial distribution in Hebei province were rearranged. According to the Chinese Grassland Classification System initiated by the Committee of Systematic Grassland Surveys, Hebei rangeland was divided into seven types: Temperate steppe, temperate meadow-steppe, mountain meadow, warm temperate tussock, warm temperate shrub-grassland, lowland meadow, and marsh grassland. Based on the differences of topography, soil, climate and vegetation characteristics, the spatial distribution of Hebei rangeland was divided into three districts. The Bashang plateau region accounted for 29.7% of the area of the whole rangeland, with a rangeland area of 1.41×10⁶ ha, containing temperate steppe, temperate meadow-steppe and mountain meadow distributing in this region. In mountain and hilly areas, the total area of all three rangeland types, mountain meadow, warm temperate tussock and warm temperate shrub-grassland, was 3.3×10⁶ ha, accounting for 69.3% of the area of the whole Hebei rangeland. The rangeland area of the littoral plain was 0.05×10⁶ ha, accounting for 1% of the whole Hebei rangeland with two grassland types in this region: Lowland meadow and marsh grassland. Grassland production (hay output) of warm temperate shrub-grassland reached 5 133.35 kg/hm² and was the highest of all the steppe types. It was followed by warm temperate tussock (4 182.22 kg/hm²), mountain meadow (in Bashang plateau district, 3 268.35 kg/hm²), temperate meadow-steppe (2 665.94 kg/hm²), mountain meadow (in mountain and hilly areas, 2 111.55 kg/hm²), lowland meadow (1 872.44 kg/hm²), and temperate steppe (1 103.29 kg/hm²). The order of vegetation coverage (%) of different steppe types was mountain meadow (in Bashang plateau district, 93.97%)>mountain meadow (in mountain and hilly areas, 82.60%)>lowland meadow (82.26%)>warm temperate shrub-grassland (79.70%)>warm temperate tussock (76.91%)>temperate meadow-steppe (71.59%)>temperate steppe (57.63%). The order of vegetation height of different steppe types appeared as warm temperate tussock (49.25 cm)>warm temperate shrub-grassland (34.18 cm)>mountain meadow (in Bashang plateau district, 28.88 cm)>temperate meadow-steppe (26.22 cm)>mountain meadow (in mountain and hilly areas, 21.98 cm)>temperate steppe (19.77 cm)>lowland meadow (18.77 cm). The quantitative fluctuation of the grassland vegetation was positive in 2005, 2006, and 2007, but that in 2007 was negative and the fluctuation ratio lower than compared with 2005, suggesting the worst vegetation growth was in 2007. Among the steppes types, the vegetation fluctuation ratio of warm temperate tussock was the highest and that of temperate meadow-steppe was the lowest with the ratios of other steppe types between the two.

中图分类号:

徐敏云,李运起,王堃^2,3,曹玉凤,于海良⁴,
李雪枫^2,3,李连树⁴,景福军⁴,李佳祥⁴,谢帆. 河北省草地资源分布及植被特征动态[J]. 草业学报, 2009, 18(6): 1-11.

XU Min-yun, LI Yun-qi, WANG Kun, CAO Yu-feng, YU Hai-liang,
LI Xue-feng, LI Lian-shu, JING Fu-jun, LI Jia-xiang, XIE Fan. Spatial distribution and dynamic characteristics of the grassland vegetation in Hebei[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2009, 18(6): 1-11.

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