青海湖北岸土地利用方式对土壤碳氮含量的影响

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以位于青海湖北岸的围栏封育草地、围栏放牧草地、多年生人工草地和农田4种土地利用方式为研究对象,对0～10,10～20和20～30 cm三个土层的地下生物量、土壤颗粒组分、土壤有机碳和全氮含量分别进行了比较研究。结果表明,不同土地利用方式样地间土壤有机碳、全氮储量产生了较明显的差异。0～30 cm深度土体单位面积有机碳储量由高到低依次为:多年生人工草地＞围栏封育草地＞围栏放牧草地＞农田,多年生人工草地显著高于农田(P＜0.05),而另外2个样地间差异不显著(P＞0.05);0～30 cm深度全氮储量与有机碳储量变化趋势相似。4种土地利用方式相比较,0～30 cm土体内地下生物量由高到低依次为围栏封育＞围栏放牧＞多年生人工草地＞农田,分别为2 416.67,1 688.25,1 224.50和1 290.75 g/m²。0～10 cm土层土壤粘粒含量以多年生人工草地最高,并显著高于其他3种土地利用方式(P＜0.05);10～20 cm土层土壤粘粒含量由大到小依次为:多年生人工草地＞农田＞围栏封育草地＞围栏放牧草地;20～30 cm土层的土壤粘粒含量无显著差异。同一土层各土地利用方式间粉粒含量均差异不显著(P＞0.05)。

Abstract: Four different land-use types, fenced and ungrazed (FU), fenced and seasonal grazed (FG), perennial pasture (PP) and crop land (CL) in the Sanjiao Cheng Sheep Breeding Farm located in the northeastern part of Qinghai Lake, were used to investigate underground biomass, soil particle size, soil organic carbon and total nitrogen contents of the 0-10, 10-20, 20-30 cm soil layers. Soil organic carbon and total nitrogen storage were different under different land-use types. The storage of soil organic carbon per unit area varied in the order of PP>FU>FG>CL. The soil organic carbon in the perennial pasture was significantly (P<0.05) higher than that in cropland, but no significant difference was found between the other two types (P>0.05). The changes of total nitrogen were similar to those of organic carbon. In the 0-30 cm soil depth, the underground biomass varied in the order FU>FG>PP>CL, with values of 2 416.67, 1 688.25, 1 224.50, and 1 290.75 g/m² respectively. In the 0-10 cm soil layer the soil clay content of PP was significantly (P<0.05) higher than in the other three types. The soil clay content of the 10-20 cm soil layer was in the order PP>CL>FU>FG. No significant differences in soil clay contents were found in the 20-30 cm soil layer under different land-use types. The soil silt contents of the four different land-use types were not significantly different in the same soil layer.

中图分类号:

S158
F301.24

乔有明,王振群²,段中华². 青海湖北岸土地利用方式对土壤碳氮含量的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2009, 18(6): 105-112.

QIAO You-ming, WANG Zhen-qun, DUAN Zhong-hua. Effects of different land-use types on soil carbon and nitrogen contents in the northern region of Qinghai Lake[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2009, 18(6): 105-112.

参考文献

[1] 吴建国, 韩梅, 苌伟, 等. 祁连山中部高寒草甸土壤氮矿化及其影响因素研究[J]. 草业学报, 2007, 16(6): 39-46.
[2] 杨成德, 龙瑞军, 陈秀蓉, 等.东祁连山不同高寒草地类型土壤表层碳、氮、磷密度特征[J]. 中国草地学报, 2008, 30(1): 1-5.
[3] 艾丽, 吴建国, 朱高, 等. 祁连山中部高山草甸土壤有机碳矿化及其影响因素研究[J]. 草业学报, 2007, 16(5): 22-23.
[4] Houghton R A, Skole D L, Nobre C A, et al. Annual fluxes or carbon from deforestation and regrowth in Brazelian Amazon[J]. Nature, 2000, 403: 301-304.
[5] Staben M L, Bezdicek D F, Smith J L, et al. Assessment of soil quality in conservation reserve program and wheat-fallow soils[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 1997, 61: 124-130.
[6] Mensah F, Schoenau J J, Malhi S S. Soil carbon changes in cultivated and excavated land converted to grasses in east-central Saskatchewan[J]. Biogeochemistry, 2003, 63: 85-92.
[7] 李明峰, 董云社, 齐玉春, 等. 温带草原土地利用变化对土壤碳氮含量的影响[J]. 中国草地, 2005, 27(1): 1-6.
[8] 宇万太, 姜子绍, 李新宇, 等.不同土地利用方式对潮棕壤有机碳含量的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2007, 18(12): 2760-2764.
[9] 李新爱, 肖和艾, 吴金水, 等. 喀斯特地区不同土地利用方式对土壤有机碳、全氮以及微生物生物量碳和氮的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2006, 17(10): 1827-1831.
[10] 孙志高, 刘景双, 李新华. 三江平原不同土地利用方式下土壤氮库的变化特征[J]. 农业系统科学与综合研究, 2008, 24(3): 270-274.
[11] 中国科学院南京土壤研究所. 土壤理化分析[M]. 上海: 科学技术出版社, 1978.
[12] Sims P L, Bradford J A. Carbon dioxide fluxes in a southern plains prairie[J]. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2001, 109: 117-134.
[13] Frank A B, Dugas W A. Carbon dioxide fluxes over a northern, semiarid, mixed-grass prairie[J]. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2001, 108: 317-326.
[14] Frank A B. Carbon dioxide fluxes over a grazed prairie and seeded pasture in the Northern Great Plains[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2002, 116: 397-403.
[15] Frank A B, Liebig M A, Hanson J D. Soil carbon dioxide fluxes in northern semiarid grasslands[J]. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2002, 34(9): 1235-1241.
[16] 曹广民, 李英年, 张金霞, 等. 环境因子对暗沃寒冻雏形土土壤CO₂释放速率的影响[J]. 草地学报, 2001, 9(4): 307-312.
[17] 张金霞, 曹广民, 周党卫, 等. 草毡寒冻雏形土CO₂释放特征[J]. 生态学报, 2001, 21(4): 544-549.
[18] 李月梅, 曹广民, 徐仁海. 植物群落生物量和有机碳对高寒草地土地利用变化的响应[J]. 草业科学, 2007, 24(6): 4-8.
[19] 张金波, 宋长春. 土地利用方式对土壤碳库影响的敏感性评价指标[J]. 生态环境, 2003, 12(4): 500-504.
[20] Ogutu Z A. An investigation of the influence of human disturbance on selected soil nutrients in Narok District, Kenya[J]. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 1999, 58: 39-60.
[21] 郭彦军, 韩建国. 农牧交错带退耕还草对土壤酶活性的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2008, 17(5): 23-29.
[22] Hook P B, Burke I C. Biogeochemistry in a short grass landscape: Control by topography, soil texture, and microclimate[J]. Ecology, 2000, 81(10): 2686-2703.
[23] Parton W J, Schimel D S, Cole C V, et al. Analysis of factors controlling soil organic matter levels in Great Plains Grasslands[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 1987, 51:1173-1179.
[24] 王明君, 韩国栋, 赵萌莉. 草甸草原不同放牧强度对土壤有机碳含量的影响[J]. 草业科学, 2007, 24(10): 6-10.