施肥对科尔沁沙质草地群落物种组成和多样性的影响

草业学报 ›› 2010, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (2): 109-115.

施肥对科尔沁沙质草地群落物种组成和多样性的影响

李禄军^1,2,于占源¹,曾德慧^1*,艾桂艳¹,李晶石¹

1.中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所大青沟沙地生态实验站,辽宁沈阳 110016;
2.中国科学院研究生院,北京 100049

收稿日期:2009-03-30 出版日期:2010-02-25 发布日期:2010-04-20
作者简介:李禄军(1982-),男,甘肃通渭人,在读博士。E-mail lilj_86@163.com
基金资助:
国家科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD26B0201-1, 2006BAC01A12)和国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2007CB106803)资助。

Effects of fertilizations on species composition and diversity of grassland in Keerqin Sandy Lands

LI Lu-jun^1,2, YU Zhan-yuan¹, ZENG De-hui¹, AI Gui-yan¹, LI Jing-shi¹

1.Daqinggou Ecological Station, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang
110016, China;
2.Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2009-03-30 Online:2010-02-25 Published:2010-04-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以科尔沁沙质草地为对象,研究了施肥对科尔沁沙质草地群落物种组成、群落结构和多样性的影响。结果表明,1)施氮肥和氮磷肥混施均改变了群落物种组成、群落中的优势种以及植物的科属结构,显著增加了群落植被高度和盖度,其中施氮肥和氮磷肥混施比对照的植被高度均提高了64.5和66.8cm,植被盖度分别提高17.1%和18.1%。2)施磷肥对群落物种组成和群落结构影响不显著。3)施氮肥和氮磷肥混施均显著减小了沙质草地群落的Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson指数、Pielou均匀度指数和物种丰富度,其中施氮肥和氮磷肥混施分别减少物种数49.5%和51.5%。4)施磷肥对群落物种数和各物种多样性指数均无显著影响。表明除了生产力,合理的物种组成和群落结构也是受损草地生态系统恢复和经营需要考虑的因素。

Abstract: Effects of different fertilization on species composition, community structure and species diversity of grassland were studied in Keerqin Sandy Lands. 1) Species composition, dominant species and family structure of the species of grassland communities were changed both by nitrogen fertilizer (N) alone and by nitrogen plus phosphorus fertilizers (N+P). Nitrogen and N+P significantly (P<0.05) increased vegetation height and coverage by 64.5 and 66.8 cm, and by 17.1% and 18.1%, respectively. 2) Phosphorus fertilizer alone (P) did not significantly change species composition or community structure. 3) Species richness, Shannon-Wiener index, Simpson index and Pielou evenness index were also significantly (P<0.05) improved by N and N+P. Nitrogen and N+P markedly reduced species richness by 49.5% and 51.5%. 4) P did not significantly change species number and diversity of sandy grassland. The results suggest that, in addition to productivity, reasonable species composition and community structure are considerations for the process of restoring and managing degenerated grassland ecosystems.

中图分类号:

Q948.15⁺8

李禄军,于占源,曾德慧,艾桂艳,李晶石. 施肥对科尔沁沙质草地群落物种组成和多样性的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2010, 19(2): 109-115.

LI Lu-jun, YU Zhan-yuan, ZENG De-hui, AI Gui-yan, LI Jing-shi. Effects of fertilizations on species composition and diversity of grassland in Keerqin Sandy Lands[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2010, 19(2): 109-115.

参考文献

[1] 刘钟龄, 王炜, 郝敦元, 等. 内蒙古草原退化与恢复演替机理的探讨[J]. 干旱区资源与环境, 2002, 16(1): 84-91.
[2] 单贵莲, 徐柱, 宁发, 等. 围封年限对典型草原群落结构及物种多样性的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2008, 17(6): 1-8.
[3] 赵哈林, 大黑俊哉, 李玉霖, 等. 人类放牧活动与气候变化对科尔沁沙质草地植物多样性的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2008, 17(5): 1-8.
[4] 程积民, 贾恒义, 彭祥林. 施肥草地群落生物量结构的研究[J]. 草业学报, 1997, 6(2): 22-27.
[5] Rajaniemi T K. Why does fertilization reduce plant species diversity? Testing three competition-based hypotheses[J]. Journal of Ecology, 2002, 90: 316-324.
[6] Gough L, Osenberg C W, Gross K L, et al. Fertilization effects on species density and primary productivity in herbaceous plant communities[J]. Oikos, 2000, 89: 428-439.
[7] Fridley J D. Resource availability dominates and alters the relationship between species diversity and ecosystem productivity in experimental plant communities[J]. Oecologia, 2002, 132: 271-277.
[8] Tilman D, Downing J A. Biodiversity and stability in grasslands[J]. Nature, 1994, 367: 363-365.
[9] Tilman D, Wedin D, Knops J. Productivity and sustainability influenced by biodiversity in grassland ecosystems[J]. Nature, 1996, 379: 718-720.
[10] 潘庆民, 白永飞, 韩兴国, 等. 氮素对内蒙古典型草原羊草种群的影响[J]. 植物生态学报, 2005, 29(2): 311-317.
[11] Wedin D A, Tilman D. Influence of nitrogen loading and species composition on the carbon balance of grasslands[J]. Science, 1996, 274: 1720-1723.
[12] Foster B L, Gross K L. Species richness in successional grassland: Effects of nitrogen enrichment and plant litter[J]. Ecology, 1998, 79: 2593-2602.
[13] Stevens C J, Dise N B, Mountford J O, et al. Impact of nitrogen deposition on the species richness of grasslands[J]. Science, 2004, 303: 1876-1879.
[14] Goldberg D E, Miller T E. Effects of different resource additions of species diversity in an annual plant community[J]. Ecology, 1990, 71: 213-225.
[15] Huberty L E, Gross K L, Miller C J. Effects of nitrogen addition on successional dynamics and species diversity in Michigan old-fields[J]. Journal of Ecology, 1998, 86: 794-803.
[16] Xia J Y, Niu S L, Wan S Q. Response of ecosystem carbon exchange to warming and nitrogen addition during two hydrologically contrasting growing seasons in a temperate steppe[J]. Global Change Biology, 2009, 15: 1544-1556.
[17] 王鹤龄, 牛俊义, 郑华平, 等. 玛曲高寒沙化草地生态位特征及其施肥改良研究[J]. 草业学报, 2008, 17(6): 18-24.
[18] 张铜会, 赵哈林, 李玉霖, 等. 科尔沁沙地灌溉与施肥对退化草地生产力的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2008, 17(1): 36-42.
[19] 何兴东, 高玉葆, 刘惠芬. 重要值的改进及其在羊草群落分类中的应用[J]. 植物研究, 2004, 24(4): 466-472.
[20] 后源, 郭正刚, 龙瑞军. 黄河首曲湿地退化过程中植物群落组分及物种多样性的变化[J]. 应用生态学报, 2009, 20(1): 27-32.
[21] 马克平, 黄建辉, 于顺利, 等. 北京东灵山地区植物群落多样性的研究 Ⅱ.丰富度,均匀度和物种多样性指数[J]. 生态学报, 1995, 15(3): 268-277.
[22] 文海燕, 傅华, 赵哈林. 退化沙质草地植物群落物种多样性与土壤肥力的关系[J]. 草业科学, 2008, 25(10): 6-9.
[23] 王国宏, 任继周, 张自和. 河西山地绿洲荒漠植物群落多样性研究 Ⅱ.放牧振动下草地多样性的变化特征[J]. 草业学报, 2002, 11(1): 31-37.
[24] 万宏伟, 杨阳, 白世勤, 等. 羊草草原群落6种植物叶片功能特性对氮素添加的响应[J]. 植物生态学报, 2008, 32(3): 611-621.
[25] Bowman W D, Conant R T. Shoot growth dynamics and photosynthetic response to increased nitrogen availability in the alpine willow Salix glauca[J]. Oecologia, 1994, 97: 93-99.
[26] 沈振西, 陈佐忠. 高施氮量对高寒矮嵩草甸主要类群和多样性及质量的影响[J]. 草地学报, 2002, 10(1): 7-17.
[27] Tilman D. Secondary succession and the pattern of plant dominance along experimental nitrogen gradients[J]. Ecological Monographs, 1987, 57: 189-214.
[28] DiTommaso A, Aarssen L W. Resource manipulations in natural vegetation: A review[J]. Vegetatio, 1989, 84: 9-29.
[29] Xiong S, Nilsson C. Dynamics of leaf litter accumulation and its effects on riparian vegetation: A review[J]. The Botanical Review, 1997, 63: 240-264.
[30] Jutila H M, Grace J B. Effects of disturbance on germination and seedling establishment in a coastal prairie grassland: A test of the competitive release hypothesis[J]. Journal of Ecology, 2002, 90: 291-302.
[31] Tilman D. Species richness of experimental productivity gradients: How important is colonization limitation?[J]. Ecology, 1993, 74: 2179-2191.
[32] 郑华平, 陈子萱, 王生荣, 等. 施肥对玛曲高寒沙化草地植物多样性和生产力的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2007, 16(5): 34-39.