蚂蚁对东祁连山高寒草地生态系统的影响

草业学报 ›› 2010, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (2): 140-145.

蚂蚁对东祁连山高寒草地生态系统的影响

鱼小军,蒲小鹏,黄世杰,方强恩,徐宁,徐长林^*

甘肃农业大学草业学院草业生态系统教育部重点实验室中-美草地畜牧业可持续发展研究中心,甘肃兰州730070

收稿日期:2009-08-01 出版日期:2010-02-25 发布日期:2010-04-20
作者简介:鱼小军(1977-),男,甘肃陇西人,在读博士。E-mail yuxj@gsau.edu.cn
基金资助:
“现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金”和“甘肃农业大学草业学院青年教师科研启动项目”资助

Effects of ants (Tetramorium sp.) on eastern Qilian Mountains alpine grassland ecosystem

YU Xiao-jun, PU Xiao-peng, HUANG Shi-jie, FANG Qiang-en, XU Ning, XU Chang-lin

Pratacultural College, Gansu Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem
of Ministry of Education, Sino-U.S. Centers for Grazing land Ecosystem
Sustainability, Lanzhou 730070, China

Received:2009-08-01 Online:2010-02-25 Published:2010-04-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了明晰蚂蚁对高寒草地生态系统的作用,于甘肃天祝高寒草地上研究了蚂蚁对土壤水分、容重、养分、土壤种子库和草产量的影响。结果表明,蚁丘0～10cm的土壤含水量显著低于邻近土壤,蚁丘0～10cm的土壤容重比距离蚁丘1m同等深度的容重小59％。蚂蚁具有向蚁丘土壤富集营养和种子的作用。蚁丘0～10,10～20cm深与距离蚁丘1m处土壤总种子密度和种子多样性最大的是蚁丘0～10cm,其次为蚁丘10～20cm,最小的是距离蚁丘1m处的对照。除蚁丘0～10cm深处的碱解氮略小于对照外,前者的全氮、全磷、速效钾和有机质显著高于蚁丘10～20cm和邻近土壤。蚁丘的中央部分为裸地,蚁丘外围的草产量显著低于邻近无蚁丘草地的草产量。

Abstract: The creation of small-scale vegetation mosaics by building mound is an important aspect of ant activity in grasslands. In order to clear the impacts the alpine grassland by ant mound building, an investigation was made on ants nesting activities to the soil water content, soil bulk density, soil seed bank and soil nutrition in Tianzhu Alpine grassland. Comparing with the adjacent soil, the soil water content of ant nest is significantly lower in depth of soil from 0 to 10 cm than CK, and soil bulk density of ant hill from 0 to 10 cm is lower 59% than CK. Ant has the roll that enrichment soil nutrients and collection seeds to ant hill. The total density of the soil seed of ant hill was the highest in soil from 0 to 10 cm, the second was ant hill soil from 10 to 20 cm, the lowest was at a distance of 1 m from ant nest, as well as seed diversity. The organic matter, total N, total P, available K of the soil in ant nest soil from 0 to 10 cm depth is significantly higher than that around the ant nest, except available N in ant hill soil was lower that CK. The middle of ant hill is bare land, and the grass production near ant nests is significantly lower than non-ant nests.

中图分类号:

鱼小军,蒲小鹏,黄世杰,方强恩,徐宁,徐长林. 蚂蚁对东祁连山高寒草地生态系统的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2010, 19(2): 140-145.

YU Xiao-jun, PU Xiao-peng, HUANG Shi-jie, FANG Qiang-en, XU Ning, XU Chang-lin. Effects of ants (Tetramorium sp.) on eastern Qilian Mountains alpine grassland ecosystem[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2010, 19(2): 140-145.

参考文献

[1] 李庆新, 盛连喜, 周道玮, 等. 松嫩草原黄墩蚁对羊草群落组成与生物量的影响[J]. 生态学杂志, 2003, 22(6): 49-52.
[2] 吴东辉, 尹文英, 李月芬. 刈割和封育对松嫩草原碱化羊草地土壤跳虫群落的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2008, 17(5): 117-123.
[3] 陈明, 周昭旭, 罗进仓. 间作苜蓿棉田节肢动物群落生态位及时间格局[J]. 草业学报, 2008, 17(4): 132-140.
[4] Hlldobler B, Wilson E O. The Ants[M]. Cambridge, USA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1990.
[5] Patricia J F. Ant biodiversity and its relationship to ecosystem functioning: A review[J]. Biodiversity and Conservation, 1998, 7: 1221-1244.
[6] King T J. The plant ecology of ant-hills in calcareous grasslandsⅠ. Patterns of species in relation to ant-hills in Southern England[J]. Journal of Ecology, 1977, 65: 245-256.
[7] 赵有益, 龙瑞军, 林慧龙, 等. 草地生态系统安全及其评价研究[J]. 草业学报, 2008, 17(2): 143-150.
[8] 侯继华, 周道玮, 姜世成.蚂蚁筑丘活动对松嫩草地植物群落多样性的影响[J].植物生态学报, 2002, 26(3): 323-329.
[9] 鲁长虎. 蚂蚁对植物种子的传播作用[J]. 生态学杂志, 2002, 21(2): 64-66.
[10] 张智英. 蚂蚁在舞草种子传播及避免其被啮齿类取食中的作用[J]. 林业科学, 2006, 42(11): 58-62.
[11] Rissing S W. Indirect effects of granivory by harvester ants: Plan species composition and reproductive increase near ant nests[J]. Oecologia, 1983, 68: 231-234.
[12] Brain M V. Production Ecology of Ants and Termites[M]. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1978.
[13] 陈应武, 李新荣, 苏延桂, 等.腾格里沙漠人工植被区掘穴蚁(Formica cunicularia)的生态功能[J].生态学报, 2007, 27(4): 1508-1514.
[14] Baxter P F, Hole H. Ant (Formica cinerea) pedoturbation in a prairie soil[J]. Soil Science Society of America Proceedings, 1967, 31: 425-428.
[15] Salem M, Hole F. Ant (Formica exectoides) pedoturbacion in a forest soil[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 1968, 32: 563-567.
[16] Petal J. The role of ants in Ecosystems[A]. In: Brain V. Production Ecology of Ants and Termites[M]. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1978: 293-325.
[17] Paton T R, Humphreys G S, Mitchell P B. Soils: A New Global View[M]. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1995.
[18] Dauber J, Rommeler A, Wolters V. The ant Lasius flavus alters the viable seed bank in pastures[J]. European Journal of Soil Biology, 2006, 42: 157-163.
[19] Dostal P. Effect of three mound-building ant species on the formation of soil seed bank in mountain grassland[J]. Flora, 2005, 200: 148-158.
[20] Folgarait P J, Perelman S, Gorosito N, et al. Effects of Camponotus punctulatus ants on plant community composition and soil properties across land-use histories[J]. Plant Ecology, 2002, 163: 1-13.
[21] 李有志, 张灿明, 林鹏. 土壤种子库评述[J]. 草业科学, 2009, 26(3): 83-90.
[22] Haines B L. Element and energy flow through colonies of the leaf-cutting ant, Atta Colombica, in Panama[J]. Biotropica, 1978, 10: 270-277.
[23] Farji-Brener A G, Silva J F. Leaf-cutting ant nests and soil fertility in a well-drained savanna in Western Venezuela[J]. Biotropica, 1995, 27: 250-253.
[24] 李庆新, 盛连喜, 周道玮, 等. 松嫩草原黄墩蚁对羊草群落组成与生物量的影响[J]. 生态学杂志, 2003, 22(6): 49-52.
[25] 刘任涛, 赵哈林, 赵学勇.科尔沁沙地流动沙丘掘穴蚁蚁丘分布及影响因素[J].应用生态学报, 2009, 20(2): 376-380.
[26] 徐广平.东祁连山不同退化程度高寒草甸植被与土壤养分变化研究[D]. 兰州: 甘肃农业大学, 2006.
[27] Simpson E H. Measurement of diversity[J]. Nature, 1949, 2(3):163-688.
[28] Peet R H. The measurement of species diversity[J]. Annual Reviews of Ecology and Systematics, 1974, 5: 285-307.
[29] Margalef R. Information theory in ecology[J]. General Systematic, 1958, 3: 36-71.
[30] 黄昌勇.土壤学[M].北京: 中国农业出版社, 2001.
[31] 鲍士旦.土壤农化分析(第三版)[M].北京: 中国农业出版社, 2008.
[32] Mandel R D, Sorenson C J. The role of harvester ant (Pogonomyrmex occidentalis) in soil formation[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 1982, 46: 785-788.
[33] Levan M A, Stone E L. Soil modifications by colonies of black meadows ants in a New York old field[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 1983, 47: 1192-1196.
[34] Beattie A J, Culver D C. Effects of the mound nests of the ant, Formica obscuripes, on the surrounding vegetation[J]. The American Midland Naturalist, 1977, 97: 391-399.
[35] Carlson S R, Whitford W G. Ant mound influence on vegetation and soils in a semiarid mountain ecosystem[J]. The American Midland Naturalist, 1991, 126: 125-139.
[36] Wagner D E. The influence of ant nests on Acacia seed production, herbivory and soil nutrients[J]. Journal of Ecology, 1997, 85: 83-93.