中昆仑山北坡策勒河流域生态因素对植物群落的影响

草业学报 ›› 2010, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (3): 38-46.

中昆仑山北坡策勒河流域生态因素对植物群落的影响

桂东伟^1,2,3,雷加强^1,3*,曾凡江^1,3,江源⁴,穆桂金^1,3,杨发相^1,3

1.中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐 830011;
2.中国科学院研究生院,北京 100049;
3.新疆策勒
荒漠草地生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,新疆策勒 848300;
4.北京师范大学资源学院,北京 100875

收稿日期:2009-05-26 出版日期:2010-03-25 发布日期:2010-06-20
作者简介:桂东伟(1977-),男,新疆乌鲁木齐人,在读博士。 E-mail:guidwei@163.com
基金资助:
国家重点基础研究发展计划(2009CB421302),新疆科技攻关与重点科技项目(200633130),新疆科技重大专项(200733144-2)和自治区科技基础条件平台建设项目(PT0801)资助。

Effect of ecological factors on plant communities of the Cele River Basin on the north slope of the middle Kunlun mountains

GUI Dong-wei^1,2,3, LEI Jia-qiang^1,3, ZENG Fan-jiang^1,3, JIANG Yuan⁴, MU Gui-jin^1,3,YANG Fa-xiang^1,3

1.Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, CAS, Urumqi 830011, China;
2.Graduate University
of CAS, Beijing 100049, China;
3.Cele National Station of Observation &
Research for
Desert-Grassland Ecosystem in Xinjiang, Cele 848300, China;
4.Insitute of
Resources Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China

Received:2009-05-26 Online:2010-03-25 Published:2010-06-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探讨干旱区山地生境对植被格局的影响,以中昆仑山北坡策勒河流域为研究对象,在对海拔1960~4100m范围内63块样方进行植被学调查的基础上,采用18个环境指标描述群落的空间位置、地形和土壤特征。利用双向指示种分析、无偏对应分析和无偏典范对应分析,从植物种、群落与环境的生态关系方面探讨研究区的植被分布格局,并给予合理的环境解释。为消除环境因子中存在的冗余变量,采用前向选择法及MonteCarlo检验,筛选出对植物群落产生显著影响(P<0.05)的环境因子参加分析。结果表明,1)采用TWINSAN数量分类方法,将植被划分为4个群落类型;2)对于特定的研究区域策勒河流域,制约群落类型、植物种分布格局的主要因素是海拔,即水、热2个环境因子,同时物种丰富度随着海拔增加呈单调递增趋势;3)对群落产生显著影响的环境因子主要有海拔、pH等6个变量。DCCA排序图明显反映出排序轴的生态意义,第1轴突出反应了群落所在环境的海拔,沿第1轴从左到右海拔逐渐升高,各群落也沿着海拔依次分布。相比于其他区域,干旱区山地物种稀少,植被格局分异明显,其中海拔是环境因子中对植被群落分布起决定性作用的因子,利用数量生态学方法可以有效的揭示其植被群落同环境之间的关系。

Abstract: This research explored the relationships between environmental factors and vegetation patterns in the arid mountain ranges. The Cele River Basin on the north slope of the middle Kunlun mountains was selected as the study area to set up 63 plots at altitudes ranging from 1 960 to 4 100 m. Eighteen variables were used as indicators of spatial position, soil characteristics, and topography. The types of plant community in this region were investigated in relation to environmental factors using TWINSPAN, DCA and DCCA. In order to eliminate redundant environmental variables, the environmental factors which significantly influence plant community composition were chosen by forward selection and Monte Carlo tests. 1) The plant communities in this region could be divided into 4 types by TWINSPAN. 2) The results of DCA ordination indicated that the main factor restricting the distribution of communities was altitude. The number of species increased with increasing altitude. A comparison of the ordination of species with that of quadrats showed that the ordination plot of the dominant species in plant communities was similar to that of the plant community type. To some extent, the distribution of the former determined that of the latter. 3) Six environmental variables (e.g. altitude) were used in the species-environment correlation analysis. The ordination result of DCCA indicated that altitude was more important than other environmental factors because the change of altitude gradient would lead to changes in both temperature and humidity gradients. The first axis indicated the gradient of altitude between communities, while the second axis was the pH gradient between communities. Compared with other areas, the scarcity of plant species and the differentiation of plant communities were obvious in the arid mountain range. The altitude was an important factor that influenced the plant species and vegetation patterns. Using methods of Quantitative Ecology better result of ecological relationships between vegetation and environment can be obtained.

中图分类号:

桂东伟,雷加强,曾凡江,江源,穆桂金,杨发相. 中昆仑山北坡策勒河流域生态因素对植物群落的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2010, 19(3): 38-46.

GUI Dong-wei, LEI Jia-qiang, ZENG Fan-jiang, JIANG Yuan, MU Gui-jin,YANG Fa-xiang. Effect of ecological factors on plant communities of the Cele River Basin on the north slope of the middle Kunlun mountains[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2010, 19(3): 38-46.

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