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草业学报 ›› 2010, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (4): 166-175.

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

沿海防护林树种木麻黄和相思生长和抗风性状比较研究

吴志华, 李天会, 张华林, 谢耀坚*   

  1. 国家林业局桉树研究开发中心,广东 湛江 524022
  • 收稿日期:2009-05-31 出版日期:2010-08-20 发布日期:2010-08-20
  • 作者简介:吴志华(1974-), 男, 湖南涟源人, 工程师, 硕士。E-mailwzhua2889@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    “十一五”国家科技支撑计划专题(2006BAD03A0107)资助。

Studies on growth and wind-resistance traits of Casuarina and Acacia stands from coastal protection forest

WU Zhi-hua, LI Tian-hui, ZHANG Hua-lin, XIE Yao-jian   

  1. China Eucalypt Research Centre, Zhanjiang 524022, China
  • Received:2009-05-31 Online:2010-08-20 Published:2010-08-20

摘要: 对沿海防护林4,6-8年生中的2个木麻黄无性系和2个8年生相思树种进行林分生长量及其与抗风相关的形态性状和立木材性等方面进行了研究。结果表明,不同林龄的林分生长量差异显著,生长情况表现为随着林龄的增长呈增大的趋势;不同树种/品系立木在胸径、树高、干形、树皮厚度等方面也存在着差异。各性状之间表型相关分析结果表明,除了分枝角度与胸径无相关性外,其他性状与林分立木大小密切相关,均达到显著水平以上。以主成分方法对性状指标进行因子分析结果也表明各性状可分为3类;采取类间平均链锁法对不同林分进行系统聚类结果也表明各林分之间在各性状之间存在着显著的差异,两相思林分区别于木麻黄林分,但木麻黄5和6号样地林分受立地条件影响,明显区别于其他林分而归为一类。“北冕”和“黑格比”强台风对样地风害的综合结果发现:4,6-8年生大部分木麻黄林分只存在断枝/梢等等级较低风害,而相思林分风折严重,马占相思风害等级为6级;台湾相思风害等级为5级;而木麻黄5和6号样地林分受林带前沿的立地条件影响,出现等级较高的风害情况。风害等级与其林分生长、抗风性状之间的回归方程表明,对抗风性影响最大的是应力波速、基本密度和Pilodyn值,其中影响最小的是分枝角度、树高和干形通直度,其中树高、应力波速、冠幅和生长应变值对风害等级呈正向效应,从调查数据和回归模型分析结果看,最不抗风的树种是马占相思,其次是台湾相思,而木麻黄两无性系抗风性强,其中木麻黄粤701略强于麻黄粤601。

Abstract: Trees from plots (22) of 2 clones of 4 and 6-8 year old Casuarina and from two species of 8 year old Acacia stands, were measured for growth and wind-resistance traits such as wood density and pilodyn penetration in a site at the Nansan coastal protection forest in Zhanjiang. Diameter at breast height (DBH), pilodyn data, wood base density (WBD) and bark thickness (BT) were made at a height of 1.3 m while WBD was measured on whole wood cores from 1.3 m height taken by increment borer. In general, growth traits such as DBH, tree height, bark thickness, crown width, and WBD increased with forest age but there were significant differences in stand growth between species. There were also significant differences in all traits between forest ages. All traits except for branch angle and DBH were significantly correlated. The traits were divided into three categories and examined by principal-component factor analysis. The results of hierarchical cluster analysis in which Euclidean distance was taken as a similarity measure and the average linkage cluster method was used as a clustering algorithm showed that there were significant differences in traits between plots: Two plots of A. mangiums and A. confuse stands were classified in a category, and No.5 and No.6 Casuarina stands were classified as the same cluster and were significantly different from the others because their plots were located in front of the protection forest belt. The stands were hit by Typhoon Kammuri and the strong Typhoon Hagupit in 2008. They were located 120-130 km from the eyes of the two storms. Almost all Casuarina stands had low grade wind damage (e.g. branch-breakage) only, but there was considerable wind damage to the Acacia stands where damage to A. mangiums and A. confuse plots was level six and five respectively. A regression model of stand wind damage with growth and wind-resistance traits was developed. The statistic R2 was 0.861 and showed the linear regression was a good fit to the data. For categorical traits, acoustic velocity (AV), WBD and pilodyn penetration value (PPV) were major while branch angle, tree height, and stem strength were minor in determining the meaning of wind damage grade. An increase in tree height, crown width, PPV, and GSV resulted in an increase in predicted wind damage grade. In terms of the regression, the plot with the worst fit was Acacia mangium, the second was Acacia confuse, and the best was Casuarina clone 701, whereas stands of two Casuarina clones were not significantly different.

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