不同氮肥基追比对多花黑麦草碳氮转运和种子产量的影响

草业学报 ›› 2010, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (4): 47-53.

不同氮肥基追比对多花黑麦草碳氮转运和种子产量的影响

周琴,赵超鹏,曹春信,江巧君,江海东^*

南京农业大学农业部作物生理生态重点开放实验室江苏省信息农业高技术研究重点实验室, 江苏南京 210095

收稿日期:2009-09-08 出版日期:2010-08-20 发布日期:2010-08-20
作者简介:周琴(1977-),女,江苏盐城人,副教授。 E-mailqinzhou@njau.edu.cn

Effects of N dressing ratio on carbon and nitrogen transport and on grain yield of Lolium multiflorum

ZHOU Qin, ZHAO Chao-peng, CAO Chun-xin, JIANG Qiao-jun, JIANG Hai-dong

Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology Ministry of Agriculture, Hi-Tech Key Laboratory
of Information Agriculture, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210095, China

Received:2009-09-08 Online:2010-08-20 Published:2010-08-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在大田条件下,以多花黑麦草为材料,研究了在总施氮量相同情况下,不同基追比对黑麦草群体茎蘖动态、干物质积累及产量的影响。结果表明,提高基肥的施用比例可提高返青期茎蘖数,促进越冬期和返青期干物质积累。提高拔节肥比例能有效提高拔节期群体茎蘖数,促进群体干物质积累。适当使用穗肥能有效提高茎孽成穗率,提高多花黑麦草籽粒产量,施用穗肥处理(N6-N10)的成穗率、穗粒数、穗数和理论产量均高于不施穗肥(N1-N5)的处理。多花黑麦草花后干物质积累量与种子产量呈二次曲线关系(r=0.9617^**),而花后营养器官氮素转运量与种子产量呈极显著的线性正相关(r=0.9215^**)。适当施用穗肥可提高多花黑麦草开花至成熟期间群体干物质积累量和氮素积累量,促进氮素的输出,进而提高产量。但穗肥比例过高,则生长过旺,抑制有机物质输出,干物质积累增加,而氮素输出量和氮素转运率下降,产量也下降。本试验中最适宜的氮肥基追比为基肥∶拔节肥∶穗肥=4∶5∶1,其处理的多花黑麦草种子产量最高。

Abstract: The effects of the same total amount of nitrogen fertilizer, applied as different ratios of base, jointing and heading fertilizer, on stem and tiller dynamics, dry matter accumulation and yield of annual Lolium multiflorum was studied in a field trial. Grain yield was significantly influenced by the nitrogen application strategy. Increasing the ratio of base fertilizer increased stem and tiller numbers at the greening stage and promoted dry matter accumulation at the over-wintering and greening stages. Increasing the ratio of jointing fertilizer effectively increased stem and tiller numbers and dry matter accumulation at the jointing stage. Increasing the ratio of heading fertilizer increased the spike rate and grain yield. The effective spike rate, grains per spike, spike numbers and theoretical yield of applying heading fertilizer treatments (N6-N10) were higher than for treatments of non-heading fertilizer (N1-N5). Dry matter accumulation after anthesis was curvedly related with grain yield (r=0.961 7^**), while the nitrogen transfer amount of vegetative organs after anthesis was linearly related with grain yield (r=0.921 5^**). The appropriate ratio of heading fertilizer could increase dry matter and nitrogen accumulation after anthesis, and promote nitrogen transfer, which in turn, could increase the yield of annual L. multiflorum. Too high a ratio of heading fertilizer inhibited the transfer of organic matter, reduced nitrogen transfer amount and nitrogen transfer efficiency. In this study the most appropriate N ratio of base, jointing and heading fertilizer was 4∶5∶1 and this produced the highest grain yield.

中图分类号:

周琴,赵超鹏,曹春信,江巧君,江海东. 不同氮肥基追比对多花黑麦草碳氮转运和种子产量的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2010, 19(4): 47-53.

ZHOU Qin, ZHAO Chao-peng, CAO Chun-xin, JIANG Qiao-jun, JIANG Hai-dong. Effects of N dressing ratio on carbon and nitrogen transport and on grain yield of Lolium multiflorum[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2010, 19(4): 47-53.

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