不同水分处理对冬小麦产量和水分利用效率的影响

草业学报 ›› 2010, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (5): 196-203.

不同水分处理对冬小麦产量和水分利用效率的影响

黄彩霞¹, 柴守玺^2*,赵德明³,李志贤⁴,常磊²,王婷⁵

1.甘肃农业大学工学院,甘肃兰州 730070;
2.甘肃农业大学农学院,甘肃兰州 730070;
3.甘肃省政府投资项目评审中心,
甘肃兰州 730030;
4.华南农业大学农学院,广东广州 510642;
5.甘肃省农业科学院,甘肃兰州 730070

收稿日期:2009-09-08 出版日期:2010-05-25 发布日期:2010-10-20
作者简介:黄彩霞(1980-),女,甘肃靖远人,助教,硕士。E-mail: huangcx@gsau.edu.cn
基金资助:
现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金 (nycytx－03) 资助

Effects of irrigation on grain yield and water use efficiency of winter wheat

HUANG Cai-xia¹, CHAI Shou-xi², ZHAO De-ming³, LI Zhi-xian⁴, CHANG Lei², WANG Ting⁵

1.College of Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
2.Agronomy College,
Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
3.Gansu Consulting Engineers, Lanzhou
730070, China;
4.Agronomy College, Huanan Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642,
China;
5. Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, China

Received:2009-09-08 Online:2010-05-25 Published:2010-10-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探明甘肃河西走廊地区不同水分处理对冬小麦产量和水分利用效率的影响,以冬小麦临抗2号为试验材料,在冬灌水(180mm)相同的条件下,其他生育期以灌水量和灌水次数不等共设置5个处理。结果表明,返青期各层土壤有效含水量(AWC)均较低(2.37mm),至拔节期突增(9.88mm),随着生育期的推进,逐渐降低,成熟期降至2.54mm,特别是处理W1和W2在成熟期0～60cm层处于萎蔫点以下。处理间AWC的差异在灌浆期表现最为明显,尤其处理W1和W3,在0～60cm层AWC呈显著(P<0.05)和极显著(P<0.01)差异。冬小麦日耗水强度最大的时期是抽穗～开花期,阶段耗水量最大的时期是播种～返青,冬灌水充足是保证出苗率和后期冬小麦的正常生长基本条件。处理W3具有最高籽粒产量(6296.52kg/hm²)、千粒重(53.12g)和单位面积穗数(61.83万穗/hm²),但相对灌水较少的处理W4(籽粒产量6240.37kg/hm²)而言,其水分利用效率(WUE)和灌溉水利用效率(IWUE)均较低。相关分析表明,产量与千粒重(R=0.99^**)、WUE(R=0.97^**)、开花期～成熟期耗水量(CA_m)(R=0.88^*)、全生育期耗水量(CA_t)(R=0.88^*)呈极显著(P<0.01)正相关,表明生育后期水分胁迫,加速了冬小麦的衰老进程,灌浆期缩短,千粒重下降,最终表现为产量下降。综合考虑各种因素,处理W4具有重要的推广价值。

Abstract: The effects of irrigation on grain yield and water use efficiency of the winter wheat, Lingkang-2 were investigated. Five experimental treatments were designed on the basis of different irrigation amounts during the whole growing period. The soil available water content (AWC) changed with different growth stages, with a smaller value (2.37 mm) at the raising stage and larger one (9.88 mm) at the jointing stage, and with the maturity stage (2.54 mm) in between. The latter stage even had negative values in the 0-60 cm soil layers at maturity for W1 and W2. The milking stage was significantly different for all treatments. The maximum daily consumption of water was at heading-flowering and sowing-reviving, which showed that pre-winter irrigation contributes to improved emergence rates and promotes growth of winter wheat. W3 had the highest grain yield (6 296.52 kg/ha), grain weight (53.12 g) and ears per unit area (61.83 Spike×10⁴/ha) while water use efficiency (WUE) and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) were lower. However, compared with W3, W4 had the higher WUE and IWUE, and its grain yield was a little lower, at 6 240.37 kg/ha. Correlation analysis showed that there were highly significant positive correlations between yield and grain weight (R=0.99^**), WUE (R=0.97^**), at flowering-maturity (CA_m) (R=0.88^*), and total growth (CA_t) (R=0.88^*), indicating that water stress at the late growth stage accelerated the aging process of winter wheat, shortened the grain filling period, reduced grain weight, and eventually led to decline of grain yield. Considering the impact of different irrigation treatments on grain yield and water use efficiency of winter wheat, the W4 treatment was the most important.

中图分类号:

S512.1⁺10.7

黄彩霞, 柴守玺,赵德明,李志贤,常磊,王婷. 不同水分处理对冬小麦产量和水分利用效率的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2010, 19(5): 196-203.

HUANG Cai-xia, CHAI Shou-xi, ZHAO De-ming, LI Zhi-xian, CHANG Lei, WANG Ting. Effects of irrigation on grain yield and water use efficiency of winter wheat[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2010, 19(5): 196-203.

参考文献

[1] 柴强, 黄高宝. 河西走廊区水土应用现状及可持续开发研究[J].干旱区资源与环境, 2003, 17(3): 75-79.
[2] 张凤云, 张恩和, 景锐, 等. 河西绿洲灌区留茬覆盖免耕保护性耕作的增产节水效应[J]. 草业学报, 2007, 16(2): 94-98.
[3] 肖俊夫, 刘战东, 段爱旺, 等. 不同灌水处理对冬小麦产量及水分利用效率的影响研究[J]. 灌溉排水学报, 2006, 25(2): 20-23.
[4] Angus J F, Van Herw aarden A F. Increasing water use and water use efficiency in dryland wheat[J]. Agronomy Journal, 2001, 93(2): 290-298.
[5] 赵世伟, 管秀娟, 吴金水. 不同生育期干旱对小麦产量及水分利用效益的影响[J]. 灌溉排水学报, 2001, 20(4): 56-59.
[6] 邵玺文, 刘红丹, 杜震宇, 等. 不同时期水分处理对水稻生长及产量的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2007, 21(1): 193-196.
[7] 崔晓军, 薛昌颖, 杨晓光, 等. 不同水分处理旱稻农田蒸散特征和水分利用效率[J]. 农业工程学报, 2008, 24(4): 49-54.
[8] 许振柱, 于振文. 限量灌溉对冬小麦水分利用的影响[J]. 干旱地区农业研究, 2003, 21(1): 6-10.
[9] 王俊儒, 龚月桦, 翟丙年, 等. 生育后期干旱对冬小麦产量和生理特性的影响[J]. 土壤通报, 2005, 36(6): 908-912.
[10] 房全孝, 陈雨海. 节水灌溉条件下冬小麦耗水规律及其生态基础研究[J]. 华北农学报, 2003, 18(3): 18-22.
[11] 居辉, 兰霞, 李建民, 等. 不同灌溉制度下冬小麦产量效应与耗水特征研究[J]. 中国农业大学学报, 2000, 5(5): 23-29.
[12] 李建民, 王璞, 周殿玺, 等. 灌溉制度对冬小麦耗水及产量的影响[J]. 生态农业研究, 1999, 7(2): 23-26.
[13] 张忠学, 于贵瑞. 不同灌水处理对冬小麦生长及水分利用效率的影响[J]. 灌溉排水学报, 2003, 22(2): 1-4.
[14] 孙宏勇, 刘昌明, 张永强, 等. 不同时期干旱对冬小麦产量效应和耗水特性研究[J]. 灌溉排水学报, 2003, 22(2): 13-16.
[15] 刘增进, 李宝萍, 李远华, 等. 冬小麦水分利用效率与最优灌溉制度的研究[J]. 农业工程学报, 2004, 20(4): 58-63.
[16] Xue Q, Zhu Z, Musick J T, et al. Root growth and water uptake in winter wheat under deficit Irrigation[J]. Plant Soil, 2003, 257: 151-161.
[17] Yang Y H, Zhang X Y, Watanabe M, et al. Optimizing irrigation management for wheat to reduce groundwater depletion in the piedmont region of the Taihang Mountains in the North China Plain[J]. Agricultural Water Management, 2006, 82(1-2): 25-44.
[18] Philip J R. Plant water relations: Some physical aspects[J]. Annual Review of Plant Physiology, 1966, (17): 245-268.
[19] 江晓东, 李增嘉, 侯连涛, 等. 少免耕对灌溉农田冬小麦夏玉米作物水、肥利用的影响[J]. 农业工程学报, 2005, 21(7): 20-23.
[20] 唐启义, 冯明光. DPS数据处理系统-实验设计、统计分析及数据[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2007.
[21] 张步翀, 黄高宝. 干旱环境下春小麦最优调亏灌溉制度确定[J]. 灌溉排水学报, 2008, 27(1): 68-72.
[22] Jensen M E. Water consumption by agricultural palnts[A]. In: Kozlowski T T. Water Deficit and Plant Growth[M]. New York: Academic Press, 1968: 1-22.
[23] 张秋英, 李发东, 张依章, 等. 水分对冬小麦产量及水分利用效率的影响[J]. 西南农业大学学报(自然科学版), 2005, 27(6): 809-812.
[24] 陈晓远, 罗远培. 开花期复水对受旱冬小麦的补偿效应研究[J]. 作物学报, 2001, 27(4): 513-516.
[25] 刘庚山, 郭安红, 任三学. 人工控制有限供水对冬小麦根系生长及土壤水分利用的影响[J]. 生态学报, 2003, 23(11): 2342-2352.
[26] Kong S Z, Zhang L, Liang Y L, et al. Effects of limited irrigation on yield and water use efficiency of winter wheat on the Loess Plateau of China[J]. Agricultural Water Management, 2002, 55(3): 203-216.
[27] Lal A, Edwards G E. Analysis of inhibition of photosynthesis under water stress in the C₄ species Amaranthus cruentus and Zea mays: Electron transport, CO₂ fixation and carboxylation capacity[J]. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology, 1996, 23: 403-412.
[28] Flexas J, Medrano H. Drought inhibition of photosynthesis in C₃ plant: Stomatal and non-stomatal limitation revisited[J]. Annals of Botany, 2002, 89: 183-189.
[29] Praxedes S C, DaMatta F M, Loureiro M E, et al. Effects of long-term soil drought on photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism in mature robusta coffee (Coffea canephora Pierre var. kouillou) leave[J]. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 2006, 56: 263-273.
[30] Su P X, Yan Q D. Photosynthetic characteristics of C₄ desert species Haloxylonamm odendron and Calligonum mongolicum under different moisture conditions[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2006, 26(1): 75-82.
[31] Abbate P E, Dardanelli J L, Cantarero M G, et al. Climatic and water availability effects on water-use efficiency in wheat[J]. Crop Science socity of America, 2004, 44: 474-483.
[32] Kumar K, Singh D P, Phool Singh. Influence of water stress on photosynthesis, transpiration, water use efficiency and yield of Brassicajuncea L[J]. Field Crops Research, 1994, 37(2): 95-101.
[33] Mc Murtrie R E, Wang Y P. Mathematical models of the photosynthetic response of tree stands to rising CO₂ concentrations and temperatures[J]. Plant Cell Environment, 1993, 16: 1-13.