灌溉定额对夏播裸燕麦产量和品质的影响

草业学报 ›› 2010, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (5): 204-209.

灌溉定额对夏播裸燕麦产量和品质的影响

吴娜¹,卜洪震¹,曾昭海¹,任长忠²,胡跃高^1*

1.中国农业大学农学与生物技术学院,北京 100193;
2.白城市农业科学院,吉林白城137000

收稿日期:2009-09-29 出版日期:2010-05-25 发布日期:2010-10-20
作者简介:吴娜(1980-),女,山东淄博人,博士。E-mail: nawu2000@163.com
基金资助:
国家“十一五”科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD15B02)和农业部公益性行业(农业)科研专项“优质燕麦生产与加工技术研究”(nyhyzx07-009-2)资助。

Effects of irrigation quota on yield and quality of summer-sown, naked oat

WU Na¹, BU Hong-zhen¹, ZENG Zhao-hai¹, REN Chang-zhong², HU Yue-gao¹

1.College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;

2.Baicheng Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baicheng 137000, China

Received:2009-09-29 Online:2010-05-25 Published:2010-10-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在大田条件下,采用随机区组设计,研究了不同灌溉定额对夏播裸燕麦白燕8号籽粒产量、籽粒品质、籽粒矿质元素含量和饲草品质的影响。结果表明,夏播裸燕麦灌溉定额为150mm的滴灌处理(W4)时籽粒产量最高,其次为W5(180mm)、CK(200mm)、W3(120mm)、W2(90mm)、W1(60mm)。灌溉定额较小的W1、W2、W3三处理的产量构成三要素均受到一定程度的影响,尤其是穗粒数和公顷穗数显著减少,造成产量显著降低。灌溉定额为120mm的滴灌处理(W3)品质最好,粗蛋白、粗脂肪和β-葡聚糖含量分别比传统灌溉处理(CK)提高4.53%,8.58%和18.29%,差异显著(P<0.05)。W3处理籽粒中钾、锌、铁、铜、锰含量均显著高于传统灌溉,钙、镁含量差异不显著。W3处理有较高的可消化干物质和相对饲用价值,分别比传统灌溉处理提高3.37%和9.28%,差异显著(P<0.05)。

Abstract: Randomized block field experiments were conducted to determine the effects of irrigation quota on grain yield, quality, mineral element contents, and forage quality of naked oat (Avena sativa). The highest grain yield was achieved with an irrigation quota of 150 mm under drip irrigation (W4), followed by W5, CK, W3, W2, W1. The main yield components were reduced to certain extent with less irrigation (treatments W1, W2, and W3). Grains per spike and spike numbers/ha were significantly reduced, and led to a significant reduction in yield. The best grain quality was obtained with an irrigation quota of 120 mm under drip irrigation conditions (W3). Compared with the traditional irrigation treatment (CK), crude protein, crude fat, and β-glucan content in W3 were increased by 4.53%, 8.58% and 23.10% respectively (P<0.05). Potassium, zinc, iron, copper, and manganese levels of grains under W3 treatment were significantly higher than those of the traditional irrigation (CK), but calcium and magnesium contents were not significantly different. The W3 treatment had better forage quality. Additionally, the digestible dry matter and relative feeding value of W3 were 3.37% and 9.28% higher than those of the CK (P<0.05).

中图分类号:

S512.60

吴娜,卜洪震,曾昭海,任长忠,胡跃高. 灌溉定额对夏播裸燕麦产量和品质的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2010, 19(5): 204-209.

WU Na, BU Hong-zhen, ZENG Zhao-hai, REN Chang-zhong, HU Yue-gao. Effects of irrigation quota on yield and quality of summer-sown, naked oat[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2010, 19(5): 204-209.

参考文献

[1] 杨再兴. 农业节水大有可为[J]. 农村科技, 2006, (5): 60.
[2] 原玉英. 开栅高耗水区节水型灌溉探讨[J]. 山西水利, 2002, (2): 36-37.
[3] 曲涛, 南志标. 作物和牧草对干旱胁迫的响应及机理研究进展[J]. 草业学报, 2008, 17(2): 126-135.
[4] Oktem A, Simsek M, Oktem A G. Deficit irrigation effects on sweet corn (Zea mays saccharata Sturt) with drip irrigation system in a semi-arid region: I. Water-yield relationship[J]. Agricultural Water Management, 2003, 61: 63-74.
[5] Ngouajio M, Wang G, Goldy R. Withholding of drip irrigation between transplanting and flowering increases the yield of field-grown tomato under plastic mulch[J]. Agricultural Water Management, 2007, 87: 285-291.
[6] Enciso J, Jifon J, Wiedenfeld B. Subsurface drip irrigation of onions: Effects of drip tape emitter spacing on yield and quality[J]. Agricultural Water Management, 2007, 92: 126-130.
[7] 王曼, 王恩利, 周凤艳, 等. 风沙地防护林滴灌技术应用效益分析[J]. 福建林业科技, 2009, 36(2): 39-43.
[8] Vyas M N, Ahlawat R P S. Response of forage oats to varying level of nitrogen and phosphorus[J]. India of Agronomy, 1988, 33(2): 204-205.
[9] Wych R D, Stuthman D D. Genetic improvement in Minnesota adapted oat cultivars released since 1923[J]. Crop Science, 1983, 23: 879-882.
[10] Hgun, Seuny. Effects of nitrogen application to the growth, grain yield and components of the oats[J]. RAD Journal of Agricultural Science, Soil & Fertilizer, 1995, 37(2): 260-267.
[11] 杨海鹏, 孙泽民. 中国燕麦[M]. 北京: 农业出版社, 1989.
[12] 李桂荣, 赵宝平, 胡跃高, 等. 灌溉制度对不同基因型燕麦籽粒植酸、蛋白质和矿质元素含量的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2007, 33(5): 866-870.
[13] 刘欢, 慕平, 赵桂琴. 基于AFLP的燕麦遗传多样性研究[J]. 草业学报, 2008, 17(6): 121-127.
[14] Wight C P, O’Donoughue L S, Chong J, et al. Discovery, localization, and sequence characterization of molecular markers for the crown rust resistance genes Pc38, Pc39 and Pc48 in cultivated oat (Avena sativa L.)[J]. Molecular Breeding, 2004, 14: 349-361.
[15] Long J, Holland J B, Munkvold G P, et al. Responses to selection for partial resistance to crown rust in oat[J]. Crop Science, 2006, 46: 1260-1265.
[16] 韩文星, 姚拓, 席琳乔, 等. PGPR菌肥制作及其对燕麦生长和品质影响的研究[J]. 草业学报, 2008, 17(2): 75-84.
[17] 鲍根生, 周青平, 韩志林. 氮、钾不同配比施肥对燕麦产量和品质的影响[J]. 草业科学, 2008, 25(10): 48-53.
[18] 郑殿升, 吕耀昌, 田长叶, 等. 中国裸燕麦β-葡聚糖含量的鉴定研究[J]. 植物遗传资源学报, 2006, 7(1): 54-58.
[19] 赵宁春, 张其芳, 程方民, 等. 氮、磷、锌营养对水稻籽粒植酸含量的影响及与几种矿质元素间的相关性[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2007, 21(2): 185-190.
[20] 冯继华, 曾静芬, 陈茂椿. 应用 Van Soest 法和常规法测定纤维素及木质素的比较[J]. 西南民族学院学报(自然科学版), 1994, 20(1): 55-56.
[21] SAS Institute. SAS/STAT 8. 2 User’s Guide[M]. SAS Institute, Cary: North Carolina, 2001.
[22] Burrows V D. Hulless oats[A]. In: Abdel-Aal E S M, Wood P. Speciality Grains for Food and Feed[M]. Am Assoc Cereal Chem: St. Paul, MN, USA, 2005: 223-251.
[23] 许振柱, 于振文, 张永丽. 土壤水分对小麦籽粒淀粉合成和积累特性的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2003, 29(4): 595-600.
[24] 荆奇, 戴廷波, 姜东, 等. 不同生态条件下不同基因型小麦干物质和氮素积累与分配特征[J]. 南京农业大学学报, 2004, 27(1): 1-5.
[25] Xie Z J, Jiang D, Cao W X. Effects of post-anthesis soil water status on the activities of key regulatory enzymes of starch and protein accumulation in wheat grains[J]. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology, 2003, 29: 309-316.
[26] 马新明, 熊淑萍, 李琳, 等. 土壤水分对不同专用小麦后期光合特性及产量的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2005, 16(1): 83-87.
[27] Zhang G, Chen J, Wang J, et al. Cultivar and environmental effects on (1-3,1-4)-β-D-glucan and protein content in malting barley[J]. Journal of Cereal Science, 2001, 34: 295-301.