Abstract: From 2008 to 2009, the response to environmental factors of the weed community structure in semiarid cropland was researched by selecting 10 native weeds and planting them in differentially treated cropland. 1) The same species in different climates showed different life-history strategies: Corispermum, Convolvulus arvensis, and Fagopyrum dibotrys tended towards the competitor (C) strategy, stress tolerant (S) strategy, and mixed competitor-stress tolerant (C-S) strategy in 2008, but towards the stress tolerant (S) strategy, competitor-stress tolerant(C-S) strategy in 2009. 2) Chenopodium glaucum, Setaria viridis, and Stipa breviflora tended towards the ruderal (R) strategy in 2008, but they did not show this strategy in 2009. Elsholtzia argyi, Androsace ncana, and Potentilla bifurca in both years, and Salsola in 2008, had no definite life-history strategies, although Salsola tended towards the S strategy in 2009. 3) With the variety of changing environmental factors, life-history strategies changed accordingly, that is, the life history characteristics responded to ecological attributes, so plant functionality moved in the C-R-S axis of the Grime model. F. dibotrys tended towards a mixed stress tolerant-ruderal (S-R) strategy and C. arvensis tended towards a mixed competitor-stress tolerance (C-S) strategy in annual variation from 2008 to 2009.