长期保护性耕作对黄土高原旱地土壤物理质量的影响

草业学报 ›› 2011, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (4): 1-10.

• 研究论文 • 下一篇

长期保护性耕作对黄土高原旱地土壤物理质量的影响

张仁陟^1,2,罗珠珠^1,2,蔡立群^1,2,黄高宝^2,3*,李玲玲^2,3,谢军红^2,3

1.甘肃农业大学资源与环境学院,甘肃兰州 730070;
2.省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地-甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室,甘肃兰州 730070;
3.甘肃农业大学农学院,甘肃兰州 730070

收稿日期:2010-03-09 出版日期:2011-04-25 发布日期:2011-08-20
通讯作者: E-mail:Huanggb@gsau.edu.cn
作者简介:张仁陟(1961-),男,甘肃静宁人,博导。 E-mail:zhangrz@gsau.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD15B06)和国家自然基金项目(40771132,31060178)资助。

Effects of long-term conservation tillage on soil physical quality of rainfed areas of the Loess Plateau

ZHANG Ren-zhi^1,2, LUO Zhu-zhu^1,2, CAI Li-qun^1,2, HUANG Gao-bao^2,3, LI Ling-ling^2,3, XIE Jun-hong^2,3

1.Resource and Environment Faculty of Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
2.Gansu Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou 730070, China;
3.Agronomy Faculty of Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China

Received:2010-03-09 Online:2011-04-25 Published:2011-08-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本研究通过设置在陇中黄土高原半干旱区的小麦→豌豆和豌豆→小麦轮作系统的长期定位试验,探讨了不同耕作方式对耕层土壤物理质量的影响。6种耕作方式包括:传统耕作(T)、免耕(NT)、传统耕作秸秆还田(TS)、免耕秸秆覆盖(NTS)、传统耕作地膜覆盖(TP)和免耕地膜覆盖(NTP)。结果表明,不同耕作方式下耕层土壤容重、孔隙度、坚实度和饱和含水量差异显著,团粒结构、有效水分、水分利用率和饱和导水率差异极显著,耕作方式对土壤温度和田间持水量的影响不明显。通过加乘法则和加权综合法2种模型评价了不同耕作方式下土壤物理质量,P→W(豌豆→小麦)轮作序列下表现为NTS>NTP>NT>TS>T(TP)>TP(T),W→P(小麦→豌豆)轮作序列下表现为NTS>NTP>TS>NT>TP>T,说明免耕的基础上进行秸秆覆盖,有助于形成良好的土壤结构,提高土壤入渗,减少土壤侵蚀,促进土壤物理质量提高。

Abstract: Long-term field experiments on soil physical quality in rainfed farming systems were conducted in Dingxi on the western Loess Plateau. The effects of conventional tillage and five conservation agriculture patterns [conventional tillage (T), conventional tillage with stubble incorporation (TS), no till with no stubble (NT), no till with stubble retention (NTS), conventional tillage with plastic mulching (TP) and no till with plastic mulching (NTP)] were studied. The experiment was fully-phased with two rotation sequences. Phase 1 started with field pea (Pisum sativum) followed by spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) (P→W) whereas phase 2 started with spring wheat followed by field pea (W→P). There were highly significant differences between the six tillage measures in soil properties including soil aggregates, available water content, water use efficiency and saturation conductivity. There were also significant differences in some soil properties including soil bulk density, total porosity, capillary porosity, non-capillary porosity, soil strength and saturation capacity. There were no significant differences in soil properties such as soil temperature and field capacity. Using the addition and multiplication method, and weighted integrated method, quantitative assessments of soil physical quality in different tillage systems were carried out. The order of soil physical quality index from high to low was NTS, NTP, NT, TS, T(TP) and TP(T) in P→W rotation, and NTS, NTP, TS, NT, TP and T in W→P rotation. The various tillage measures resulted in very different soil physical quality levels. Improved soil structure arose from tillage reduction or residue retention which improved soil structure, enhanced water infiltration, reduced soil and water loss, and hence improved soil physical quality.

中图分类号:

S152.4

张仁陟,罗珠珠,蔡立群,黄高宝,李玲玲,谢军红. 长期保护性耕作对黄土高原旱地土壤物理质量的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2011, 20(4): 1-10.

ZHANG Ren-zhi, LUO Zhu-zhu, CAI Li-qun, HUANG Gao-bao, LI Ling-ling, XIE Jun-hong. Effects of long-term conservation tillage on soil physical quality of rainfed areas of the Loess Plateau[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2011, 20(4): 1-10.

参考文献

[1] Karlen D L, Mausbach M J, Doran J W, et al. Soil quality: A concept, definition, and framework for evaluation[J]. Soil Science Society of American Journal, 1997, 61: 4-10.
[2] Dexter A R. Soil physical quality. Part I, II, III[J]. Geoderma, 2004, 120: 201-239.
[3] Becker M, Johnson D E. Cropping intensity effects on up land rice yield and sustainability in West Africa[J]. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 2001,59(2): 107-117.
[4] Gewin V L, Veseth R, Miller B C, et al. Soil quality changes in eastern Washington with Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) take out[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 1999, 54(1): 432-438.
[5] Jeffrey E, Herrick. Soil quality: An indicator of sustainable land management[J]. Applied Soil Ecology, 2000, 15(1): 75-83.
[6] Herrick J E, Brown J R, Tugel A J, et al. Application of soil quality to monitoring and management: Paradigms from rangeland ecology[J]. Agronomy Journal, 2002, 94(1): 3-11.
[7] 毛吉贤, 石书兵, 马林, 等. 免耕春小麦套种牧草土壤养分动态研究[J]. 草业科学,2009, 26(2): 86-90.
[8] 郭清毅, 黄高宝, Li G D, 等. 保护性耕作对旱地麦豆双序列轮作农田土壤水分利用效率的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2005, 19(3): 165-169.
[9] 于爱忠, 黄高宝. 保护性耕作对内陆河灌区春季麦田不可蚀性颗粒的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2006, 20(3): 6-9.
[10] 常旭虹, 赵广才, 张雯, 等. 作物残茬对农田土壤风蚀的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2005, 19(1): 28-31.
[11] Elliott E T, Coleman D C. Let the soil work for us[J]. Ecological Bulletins, 1988, 39: 241.
[12] Lal R. Long term tillage and maize monoculture effects on a tropical Alfisoil in western Nigeria. Crop yield and soil physical properties[J]. Soil & Tillage Research, 1997, 42: 145-160.
[13] Moreno F, Pelegrin F, Fernandez J E. Soil physical properties, water depletion and crop development under traditional and conservation tillage in southern Spain[J]. Soil & Tillage Research, 1997, 41: 25-42.
[14] 谢瑞芝, 李少昆, 李小君, 等. 中国保护性耕作研究分析——保护性耕作与作物生产[J]. 中国农业科学, 2007, 40(9): 1914-1924.
[15] 王俊明, 张兴昌. 退耕草地演替过程中的碳储量变化[J]. 草业学报, 2009, 18(1): 1-8.
[16] 杨晶, 沈禹颖, 南志标, 等. 保护性耕作对黄土高原玉米-小麦-大豆轮作系统产量及表层土壤碳管理指数的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2010, 19(1): 75-82.
[17] 李晓东, 魏龙, 张永超, 等. 土地利用方式对陇中黄土高原土壤理化性状的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2009, 18(4): 103-110.
[18] Luk H S. Soil erosion and land management in the Loess Plateau Region, North China[J]. Chinese Geography and Environment, 1996, 3: 3-28.
[19] Wang X B, Cai D X, Hoogmoed W B, et al. Potential effect of conservation tillage on sustainable land use: A review of global long-term studies[J]. Pedosphere, 2006, 16(5): 587-595.
[20] Jin K, Cornelis W M, Schiettecatte W, et al. Effects of different management practices on the soil-water balance and crop yield for improved dryland farming in the Chinese Loess Plateau[J]. Soil and Tillage Research, 2007, 96: 131-144.
[21] 罗珠珠, 黄高宝, 张国盛. 保护性耕作对黄土高原旱地表土容重和水分入渗的影响[J]. 干旱地区农业研究, 2005, 23(4): 7-11.
[22] Yang X M, Wander M M. Temporal changes in dry aggregate size and stability: Tillage and drop effects on a silty loam Mollisoil in Illinois[J]. Soil & Tillage Research, 1998, 49: 173-183.
[23] 中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤物理研究室. 土壤物理性质测定法[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1978: 66-77.
[24] 辛平, 黄高宝, 徐银萍, 等. 耕作方式与地表覆盖量对苜蓿及小麦地水蚀过程的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2007, 21(2): 16-18, 23.
[25] 许明祥, 刘国彬, 卜崇峰, 等. 圆盘入渗仪法测定不同利用方式土壤渗透性试验研究[J]. 农业工程学报, 2002, 18(4): 54-58.
[26] 李玲玲, 黄高宝, 张仁陟, 等. 不同保护性耕作措施对旱作农田土壤水分的影响[J]. 生态学报, 2005, 25(9): 2326-2332.
[27] 黄高宝, 李玲玲, 张仁陟, 等. 免耕秸秆覆盖对旱作麦田土壤温度的影响[J]. 干旱地区农业研究, 2006, 24(5): 1-4.
[28] Unger P W. Tillage effects on surface soil physical conditions and sorghum emergence[J]. Soil Science Society of American Journal, 1984, 48: 1423-1432.
[29] Mielke L N, Wilhelm W W, Fenster C R. Soil physical characteristics of reduced tillage in a wheat-fallow system[J]. Transactions of American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 1984, 27: 1724-1728.
[30] Blevins R L, Thmas G W, Smith M S, et al. Changes in soil grope 10 years continuous non-tilled and conventionally tilled[J]. Soil and Tillage Research, 1983, 3: 135-146.
[31] Lal R. No-tillage effects on soil properties under different crops in western Nigenia[J]. Soil Science Society of American Journal, 1976, 40: 762-768.
[32] 廖萍, 黄国勤. 红壤旱地保护性耕作对土壤理化性状的影响[J]. 耕作与栽培, 2006, 25(5): 31-32.
[33] 李世清, 李东方, 李凤民, 等. 半干旱农田生态系统地膜覆盖的土壤生态效应[J]. 西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2003, 31(5): 21-29.
[34] 冯跃华, 邹应斌, 王淑红, 等. 免耕对土壤理化性状和直播稻生长及产量形成的影响[J]. 作物研究, 2004, 21(3): 137-140.
[35] Azimzadeh M, Koocheki A, Pala M. 旱地条件下耕作和残茬管理对可持续谷物生产的影响[A]. 面向二十一世纪的机械化旱作节水农业[M]. 北京: 中国农业大学出版社, 2000: 238-252.
[36] 郑纪勇, 邵明安, 张兴昌. 黄土区坡面表层土壤容重和饱和导水率空间变异特征[J]. 水土保持学报, 2004, 18(3): 53-56.
[37] Waston K W, Luxmoore R J. Estimation macroporosity in a forest watershed by use of a tension infiltrometer[J]. Soil Science Society of American Journal, 1986, 50: 578-582.
[38] Shaver T M, Peterson G A, Ahuja L R, et al. Surface soil physical properties after twelve years of dryland no-till management[J]. Soil Science Society of American Journal, 2000, 66: 1296-1303.
[39] 温美丽, 刘宝元, 叶芝菡, 等. 免耕与土壤侵蚀研究进展[J]. 中国生态农业学报, 2006, 14(3): 1-3.
[40] Dao T H. Tillage and winter wheat residue management effects of water infiltration and storage[J]. Soil Science Society of American Journal, 1993, 57: 1586-1595.
[41] 张雯, 侯立白, 张斌, 等. 辽西易旱区不同耕作方式对土壤物理性能的影响[J]. 干旱区资源与环境, 2006, 20(3): 149-153.
[42] 于同艳, 张兴义. 耕作措施对黑土农田耕层水分的影响[J]. 西南大学学报(自然科学版), 2007, 29(3): 121-124.
[43] 单秀枝, 魏由庆, 严慧峻, 等. 土壤有机质含量对土壤水动力学参数的影响[J]. 土壤学报, 1998, 35(1): 1-9.
[44] 李新举, 张志国, 邓基先, 等. 免耕对土壤生态环境的影响[J]. 山东农业大学学报, 1998, 29(4): 521-526.
[45] 晋凡生, 张宝林. 旱塬地玉米农田免耕覆盖的土壤环境效应[J]. 水土保持研究, 2007, 22(4): 60-64.

长期保护性耕作对黄土高原旱地土壤物理质量的影响

Effects of long-term conservation tillage on soil physical quality of rainfed areas of the Loess Plateau

PDF (PC)

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 0

编辑推荐

Metrics