沿民勤绿洲荒漠过渡带分布的4种优势植物光合生理响应

草业学报 ›› 2011, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (4): 108-115.

沿民勤绿洲荒漠过渡带分布的4种优势植物光合生理响应

田新民¹,赵长明^1*,邓建明¹,张晓玮¹,陈拓²,任贾文²,王根轩³

1.兰州大学资源环境学院生命科学学院干旱与草地生态教育部重点实验室, 甘肃兰州 730000;
2.中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室, 甘肃兰州 730000;
3.浙江大学生命科学学院,浙江杭州 310029

收稿日期:2010-11-10 出版日期:2011-04-25 发布日期:2011-08-20
通讯作者: E-mail:zhaochm@lzu.edu.cn
作者简介:田新民(1983-),男,甘肃武威人,在读博士。
基金资助:
甘肃省自然科学基金(0710RJZA031),中国博士后科学基金(20080430795),王宽诚教育基金会和教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划(NCET-08-0257)资助。

Photosynthetic responses of four dominant species to environmental gradient along the oasis-desert ecotone of Minqin, China

TIAN Xin-min¹, ZHAO Chang-ming¹, DENG Jian-ming¹, ZHANG Xiao-wei¹, CHEN Tuo², REN Jia-wen², WANG Gen-xuan³

1.Key Laboratory of Arid and Grassland Ecology of Ministry of Education, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;
2.State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, CAREERI, CAS, Lanzhou 730000, China;
3.Institute of Ecology College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China

Received:2010-11-10 Online:2011-04-25 Published:2011-08-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 绿洲荒漠过渡带植被在防止荒漠化过程中起到重要作用,因而对其优势植物的光合生理特征和健康状况评价尤为重要。本试验研究了过渡带不同分布区(从绿洲到荒漠方向依次为:绿洲边缘区、过渡带2区、过渡带3区和荒漠边缘区)4种优势植物的光合生理生态特性。结果表明,在民勤绿洲荒漠过渡带沿荒漠方向梯度下,4种植物叶片(同化枝)含水量和总叶绿素含量逐渐降低,而类胡萝卜素含量逐渐增加,从而减轻过渡带植物的氧化胁迫,说明4种植物受到不同程度的干旱胁迫;4种植物的光合能力随着绿洲向沙漠的延伸逐渐降低,但下降幅度不一致,白刺下降最小,梭梭和芦苇下降较大,沙拐枣在绿洲边缘和过渡带3区较高,而在过渡带2区和荒漠边缘较低;它们的气孔导度与光合能力变化趋势一致,与植物叶片(同化枝)水分利用效率和蒸腾速率变化趋势不同。芦苇和白刺在过渡带2区水分利用效率最高,沙拐枣在过渡带3区最高,梭梭则为逐渐降低。4种植物叶绿素荧光参数F_v/F_m和F₀变化趋势表明梭梭在过渡带梯度下,发生了伴随着光系统破坏的长期光抑制,从而降低其光合活性,而白刺叶片光系统却没有明显受到环境因子的胁迫;芦苇和沙拐枣只有在荒漠边缘才受到严重的胁迫,这些结果表明白刺比芦苇和沙拐枣更适应于过渡带旱化生境,梭梭的适应能力最差。总之,上述研究结果为认识荒漠绿洲过渡带优势植被退化的生理生态学机制和植被恢复过程中物种的选择提供了有力的科学依据。

Abstract: The vegetation of the oasis-desert ecotone plays an important role in the desertification control, therefore the evaluation of the dominant plant growth and health is very important. The photosynthetic characteristics of four dominant plant species (i.e. Nitraria tangutorum, Phragmites communis, Haloxylon ammodendron and Calligonum mongolicum) in four different distributing sites along the oasis-desert ecotone (i.e. section 1, section 2, section 3, section 4 from the oasis to the desert) were investigated in this study. The water content, chlorophyll content of four species decreased gradually while the carotenoids content increased gradually along the oasis-desert ecotone, showed that four plant species suffered from the different extent of drought stress. The photosynthetic capacity of four plant species decreased gradually along the gradient of the ecotone, while the decreasing extent was different [the decrease of N. tangutorum was the least, H. ammodendron and P. communis were biggist, while the photosynthetic capacity of C. mongolicum was higher in the section 1 (the margin of oasis) and section 3]. The variational trend of stomatal conductance (Gs) in the four plant species was the same as the variational trend of photosynthetic capacity, but there were different with the trend of transpiration rate (E) and water use efficiency (WUE). The WUE of N. tangutorum and P. communis were highest in the section 2, C. mongolicum was highest in the section 3, while the WUE of H. ammodendron decreased gradually along the ecotone. In addition, the variational trend of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (F_v/F_m and F_o) of four plant species indicated that the H. ammodendron occurred the long-term photoinhibition and photodamage along the ecotone, while the N. tangutorum was not influence, and that the C. mongolicum and P. communis only suffered from serious stress in the section 4 (i.e. the margin of desert). In conclusion, all our results suggested that the N. tangutorum adapt to the drought conditions of oasis-desert ecotone more than C. mongolicum and P. communis, while the adaptive capacity of H. ammodendron was the worst in the four plant species.

中图分类号:

Q945.11

田新民,赵长明,邓建明,张晓玮,陈拓,任贾文,王根轩. 沿民勤绿洲荒漠过渡带分布的4种优势植物光合生理响应[J]. 草业学报, 2011, 20(4): 108-115.

TIAN Xin-min, ZHAO Chang-ming, DENG Jian-ming, ZHANG Xiao-wei, CHEN Tuo, REN Jia-wen, WANG Gen-xuan. Photosynthetic responses of four dominant species to environmental gradient along the oasis-desert ecotone of Minqin, China[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2011, 20(4): 108-115.

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