不同营养水平对滩×寒杂种母羊繁殖性能的影响

草业学报 ›› 2011, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (6): 254-263.

不同营养水平对滩×寒杂种母羊繁殖性能的影响

王宏博^1,2,3,郭江鹏^1,4,5,李发弟^1,4,郝正里^1*,阎萍^2,3

1.甘肃农业大学动物科学技术学院,甘肃兰州 730070;
2.中国农科院兰州畜牧与兽药研究所,甘肃兰州 730050;
3.甘肃省牦牛繁育工程重点实验室,甘肃兰州 730050;
4.甘肃省饲料工程技术研究中心,甘肃兰州 730070;
5.兰州博亚饲料有限公司,甘肃兰州 730000

收稿日期:2010-06-27 出版日期:2011-06-25 发布日期:2011-12-20
通讯作者: E-mail:gnsuyk@gsau.edu.cn
作者简介:王宏博(1977-),男,甘肃庄浪人,在读博士。E-mail:hongbo610@126.com
基金资助:
甘肃省教育厅项目(0080739;01cx-5)和公益性行业科技专项经费(201003061)资助。

Effect of nutrition level on reproductive performance of Tan×Small Tail Han crossbred ewes

WANG Hong-bo^1,2,3, GUO Jiang-peng^1,4,5, LI Fa-di^1,4, HAO Zheng-li¹, YAN Ping^2,3

1.College of Animal Science and Technology,Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
2.Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China;
3.Key Laboratory for Yak Genetics, Breeding & Reproduction Engineering of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730050, China;
4.Gansu Provincial Research Centre of Feeds Engineering & Techniques, Lanzhou 730070,China;
5.Lanzhou Boya Feeds Company Ltd, Lanzhou 730000, China

Received:2010-06-27 Online:2011-06-25 Published:2011-12-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为研究妊娠后期(97~150 d)、泌乳期(30 d)、催情期(断奶至第2个情期)0.8×NRC(Ⅰ)、0.9×NRC(Ⅱ)和1.0×NRC(Ⅲ)代谢能(metabolic energy,ME)与粗蛋白(crude protein,CP)水平对母羊繁殖性能的影响。将30只1~2胎的滩×寒杂种妊娠母羊随机分成3组(统计的母羊数依次为6,5和7只),单栏饲养。结果表明,1)Ⅰ组母羊产后体重(43.50±7.50 kg)低于Ⅱ(47.20±2.12 kg,P＞0.05)、Ⅲ组(54.79±6.72 kg,P＜0.05),Ⅱ组呈低于Ⅲ的趋势;Ⅲ组母羊自身日增重(137.4±59.8 g)极显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ组(-57.7±39.9,34.2±56.2,P＜0.01),Ⅱ也显著高于Ⅰ组(P＜0.05)。各组羔羊初生重(3.82±0.76,3.86±0.58和4.10±0.77 kg)相近(P＞0.05);Ⅲ组的羔羊初生窝重(7.69±2.24 kg)高于(P=0.086)Ⅰ、Ⅱ组(5.73±1.34,5.40±1.65 kg),与其多羔率高有关。2)在泌乳期,母羊泌乳量(27.08±4.52,40.34±11.90,55.48±14.29 kg)、羔羊断奶窝重(13.49±3.82,14.62±3.64,19.32±4.45 kg)、窝增重(7.17±2.71,9.22±2.17,12.28±3.15 kg)、羔羊断奶均重(7.71±2.26,10.45±1.72,11.19±2.51 kg)和增重(4.10±1.60,6.59±1.38,7.08±2.09 kg)均随母羊营养水平而提高(P＜0.05或P＞0.05)。Ⅰ组母羊泌乳期增重,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组均减重(相应为+0.94±2.05,-0.35±2.74和-1.86±3.89 kg),但组间差异不显著(P＞0.05)。3)3组母羊授乳末体重分别为(46.31±7.61),(46.85±2.58)和(52.93±4.20) kg (P=0.067),断奶后第1次发情分别是在(18.60±12.86),(13.25±6.70)和(10.71±4.07) d,第2情期结束时的空怀率为16.67%,20.00%和14.29%。母羊2次产羔间隔相应为201.8,183.5和187.7 d。

Abstract: The effects of (Ⅰ) 0.8×NRC, (Ⅱ) 0.9×NRC and (Ⅲ) 1.0×NRC levels of metabolic energy (ME) and crude protein (CP) on reproductive performance of ewes during the late period of pregnancy (97-150 d), lactation period (30 d) and flush period (from weaning of lambs to end of the second estrus cycle) were studied. Thirty Tan×Small Tail Han crossbred ewes in lamb at the first or second conceiving stage were randomly divided into three groups (6, 5 and 7 ewes in groups Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ respectively were used for statistical analysis). All the ewes were individually housed in pens with lamb creep. 1) During the late period of pregnancy, the postpartum weight of ewes for group Ⅰ (43.50±7.50 kg) was lower than those of groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ (47.20±2.12 and 54.79±6.72 kg). The average daily gain (ADG) of ewes-selves for group Ⅲ (137.4±59.8 g) was greater than those of groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ (-57.7±39.9 and 34.2±56.2 g). Differences in birth weight of lambs (3.82±0.76, 3.86±0.58 and 4.10±0.77 kg respectively) among the three groups were not significant, but litter weight was greater for group Ⅲ (7.69±2.24 kg) than for groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ (5.73±1.34 and 5.40±1.65 kg). 2) During the period of lactation, milk yield of ewes (27.08±4.52, 40.34±11.90 and 55.48±14.29 kg), body-weight (BW) (13.49±3.82, 14.62±3.64 and 19.32±4.45 kg) and body-weight gain (BWG) of litters (7.17±2.71, 9.22±2.17 and 12.28±3.15 kg), BW at weaning (7.71±2.26, 10.45±1.72 and 11.19±2.51 kg) and BWG of lambs (4.10±1.60, 6.59±1.38 and 7.08±2.09 kg) increased with the nutritive levels of ewes. BW of group Ⅰ ewes increased (+0.94±2.053 kg) but for groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ, it decreased (-0.35±2.74 and -1.86±3.89 kg), although there were no significant differences in BWG among all groups. 3) For group Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ ewes, BWs at the end of nursing were 46.31±7.61, 46.85±2.58 and 52.93±4.20 kg respectively. The first estrous cycle occurred at 18.60±12.86, 13.25±6.70 and 10.71±4.07 d after cessation of nursing. The ratios of barren ewes at the end of the second estrous cycle were 16.67%, 20.00% and 14.29%, and the lambing intervals were 201.8, 183.5 and 187.7 d.

中图分类号:

S826.3

王宏博,郭江鹏,李发弟,郝正里,阎萍. 不同营养水平对滩×寒杂种母羊繁殖性能的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2011, 20(6): 254-263.

WANG Hong-bo, GUO Jiang-peng, LI Fa-di, HAO Zheng-li, YAN Ping. Effect of nutrition level on reproductive performance of Tan×Small Tail Han crossbred ewes[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2011, 20(6): 254-263.

参考文献

[1] 北京京牧动物营养中心. 通过畜禽营养调控及粪便处理技术发展生态营养[J]. 饲料研究, 2002, (3): 19-22.
[2] 陈会新. 生物技术与畜禽营养调控[J]. 生物学杂志, 1999, (1): 30-31.
[3] Wallace R, 龙玲. 生物技术在反刍动物营养中的应用[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2002, (6): 15.
[4] 符林升, 熊本海, 高华杰. 猪饲料营养价值评定及营养需要的研究进展[J]. 中国饲料, 2009, (10): 34-39.
[5] 张喜玲,王凯英,刘力,等. 肉牛不同育肥阶段营养调控技术的研究进展[J]. 畜牧与饲料科学, 2004, (6): 9-12.
[6] 肖金玉, 侯扶江, 郭正刚, 等. 高山草地放牧生态系统草畜营养供需动态[J]. 应用生态学报, 2002, 13(8): 967-970.
[7] 刘金祥, 胡自治, 任继周, 等. 高山草原绵羊放牧生态及消化代谢研究-Ⅳ采食量和消化代谢研究[J]. 草业学报, 2001, 10(3): 65-71.
[8] 王洪荣, 冯宗慈, 卢德勋, 等. 草地牧草饲料的营养动态与放牧绵羊营养限制因素的研究[J]. 内蒙古畜牧科学, 1993, (4): 1-5,12.
[9] 杨智明, 李建龙, 杜广明, 等. 宁夏滩羊放牧系统草地利用率及草畜平衡性研究[J]. 草业学报, 2010, 19(1): 35`-41.
[10] 薛白, 赵新全, 张耀生. 青藏高原天然草场放牧家畜体重和体能量的动态变化[J]. 畜牧与兽医, 2005, 37(1): 1-3.
[11] 杨泽新, 蔡维湘, 吴建, 等. 贵州灌丛草地春、秋季山羊放牧的日采食量及牧草消化率的研究[J]. 中国草地, 1993, (6): 56-61.
[12] 刘福元, 白丁平, 陈玉林. 新江天山北部放牧绵羊牧草营养摄入量动态变化[J]. 家畜生态学报, 2008, 29(5): 90-92.
[13] 梁天刚, 崔霞, 冯琦胜, 等. 2001-2008年甘南牧区草地地上生物量与载畜量遥感动态监测[J]. 草业学报, 2009, 18(6): 12-22.
[14] 杨静, 李勤奋, 杨尚明, 等. 两种放牧制度下的牧草营养价值及绵羊对营养的摄食[J]. 内蒙古畜牧科学, 2001, 22(6): 8-9.
[15] 瓦庆荣, 蒋文兰, 卯支昌, 等. 人工草地放牧系统研究-产羔期试验[J]. 草业科学, 1995, 12(3): 33.
[16] 葛少芸. 落实“草畜平衡制度” 发挥草原生态服务功能-以甘肃甘南黄河重要水源补给生态功能区为例[J]. 草业科学, 2010, 27(6): 71-76.
[17] 焦婷, 常根柱, 周学辉, 等. 高寒草甸草场不同载畜量下土壤酶与土壤肥力的关系研究[J]. 草业学报, 2009, 18(6): 98-104.
[18] 张成霞, 南志标. 放牧对草地土壤理化特性影响的研究进展[J]. 草业学报, 2010, 19(4): 204-211.
[19] 李文龙, 苏敏, 李自珍. 甘南高寒草地放牧系统生态风险的AHP决策分析及管理对策[J]. 草业学报, 2010, 19(3): 22-28.
[20] 阎宏, 马彦成, 杨风宝, 等. 放牧下舍饲对涌羊生产性能的影响[J]. 家畜生态学报, 2005, 2(3): 33-36.
[21] 叶勇, 李文波, 刘占发, 等. 舍饲与放牧条件下中卫山羊生产性能对比分析[J]. 中国草食动物, 2009, 29(5): 2-4.
[22] 张文远, 谢坚中, 柴巍中, 等. 不同代谢能与粗蛋白质采食量对母羊妊娠期本身增重及羔羊初生重的影响[J]. 草与畜杂志, 1990, (增刊): 1-6.
[23] 张文远, 杨诗兴, 柴巍中, 等. 不同代谢能与粗蛋白质采食量对母羊妊娠期母羊体增重及羔羊初生重的影响[J]. 草与畜杂志, 1990, (增刊): 7-10.
[24] 张文远, 苗志虹, 刘丽娟, 等. 不同营养水平对母羊妊娠期母羊体重及羔羊初生重的影响研究[J]. 草与畜杂志, 1990, (增刊): 11-15.
[25] 吴庶青, 侯先志, 敖长金, 等. 苏尼特羊妊娠后期限制饲养对其羔羊初生重的影响[J]. 甘肃畜牧兽医, 2002, 32(5): 2-5.
[26] 高峰, 侯先志, 赵志恭, 等. 妊娠后期限饲蒙古绵羊超补偿生长现象的研究[J]. 中国畜牧杂志, 2005, 41(8): 17-20.
[27] 齐景伟. 营养限制和补偿生长对母羊和羔羊的生长轴激素及其受体基因表达水平的影响[D]. 呼和浩特: 内蒙古农业大学, 2006.
[28] Maxwell T J, Doney J M, Milne J A, et al. The effect of rearing type and prepartum nutrition on the intake and performance of Lactating greyface ewes at pasture[J]. Journal of Agricutural Science, 1979, 92: 165-174.
[29] 杨诗兴, 刘丽娟, 赵文生, 等. 中国美利奴羊泌乳前期代谢能与粗蛋白质日采食量与日产乳的关系[J]. 草与畜杂志, 1990, (增刊): 53-59.
[30] 张海涛. 不同营养水平对超早期断奶小尾寒羊母羊繁殖性能影响的研究[D]. 兰州: 甘肃农业大学, 2004.
[31] 王建民, 秦孜娟, 节福昌, 等. 鲁北白山羊繁殖效率及影响因素研究[J]. 中国草食动物, 1999, 5(1): 28-30.
[32] 董庆杰, 李玉厚, 王忠良. 绵羊一年两产繁殖技术探讨[J]. 辽宁畜牧兽医, 1998, (1): 16-17.
[33] 尹君亮, 倪建宏, 蒋勇, 等. 寒冷地区羔羊直接育肥效果及对母羊繁殖率的影响[J]. 中国草食动物, 2002, 22(2): 22-24.
[34] National Research Council. Nutrient Requirements of Sheep[M]. Washington, D C. National Academy Press, 1985.
[35] 郑中朝, 白跃宇, 张雄. 新编科学养羊手册[M]. 郑州: 中原农民出版社, 2002: 56.