青海湖北岸不同土地利用方式对大型土壤动物群落的影响

草业学报 ›› 2012, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (2): 180-186.

青海湖北岸不同土地利用方式对大型土壤动物群落的影响

林恭华¹,赵芳²,陈桂琛¹,陈生云³,苏建平¹,张同作^1*

1.中科院西北高原生物研究所,青海西宁 810008;
2.青海大学草业科学系,青海西宁 810016;
3.中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室,甘肃兰州 730000

收稿日期:2010-12-29 出版日期:2012-02-25 发布日期:2012-04-20
通讯作者: E-mail:zhangtz@nwipb.cas.cn
作者简介:林恭华(1983-),男,浙江江山人,助研,博士。E-mail:lingonghua@163.com
基金资助:
国家“十一五”科技支撑计划重点项目第4课题(2007BAC30B04),国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目(2007CB411502),国家自然科学基金(40901040)和冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室自主课题(SKLCS 09-06)资助。

Effects of different land-use types on larger-size soil animal communities in the northern region of Qinghai Lake

LIN Gong-hua¹, ZHAO Fang², CHEN Gui-chen¹, CHEN Sheng-yun³, SU Jian-ping¹, ZHANG Tong-zuo¹

1.Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China;
2.Grass Science Department, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China;
3.Qilian Shan Station of Glaciology and Ecologic Environment, State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China

Received:2010-12-29 Online:2012-02-25 Published:2012-04-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了解青海湖北岸不同土地利用方式对草地生态系统中土壤动物群落特征的影响,对这一地区不同样地中的大型土壤动物进行了调查。共捕获大型土壤动物657只,隶属3纲9目13个类群,优势类群为鞘翅目幼虫、双翅目幼虫和鞘翅目成虫。研究表明,青海湖北岸草地生态系统中大型土壤动物数量总体稀少,生物多样性较低,推测干旱可能是导致这一现象的主要原因。在果洛藏村样区,弃耕地中大型土壤动物类群极为匮乏,远低于3种原生草地,而补播地的土壤动物个体数显著高于(P<0.05)弃耕地,已与对应的原生草地相当,可见人为耕种对芨芨草原生草地中大型土壤动物群落具有毁灭性的破坏作用,而人工干预措施可以促进土壤动物群落的恢复进程。在烂泥湾样区,18年封育草地和6年封育草地生物量、个体数及多样性指数都无显著差别,而放牧通道内大型土壤动物生物量和个体数都显著低于以上2种封育草地类型(P<0.05),充分体现出放牧通道内植被和土壤条件恶化对大型土壤动物的不利影响。在铁路南河边滩地样区,放牧通道内大型土壤动物生物量、个体数及多样性指数与长期封育草原草甸都无显著差别(P>0.05),可能与这一样区内土壤较湿润有关。

Abstract: To investigate the effects of different land-use styles on soil animal communities in the grasslands of the northern region of Qinghai Lake, the larger-size soil animals from 10 different sites were investigated. A total of 657 animals (belonging to 3 classes 9 orders 13 taxonomic groups) were collected, with larval Coleopteran (beetles), larval Diptera and adult Coleopteran as the dominant groups. Compared with former related studies in other regions in the northwest of China, the northern region of Qinghai Lake had rather low numbers (11 individuals per 50 cm×50 cm×20 cm quadrat) and diversity, perhaps due to the arid nature of the area. Compared with three other original grassland types, abandoned land in the Guoluozang County area, soil animals were very scarce, while in the reseeded land there were significantly larger numbers of soil animals, indicating that cultivations had destructive effects on the Achnatherum grassland, while manual activities might be helpful for the recovery process. In the Lanniwan area, there were no differences in animal numbers, biomass and biodiversity between 18-years and 6-years enclosed grassland, but the unfenced grazing channel had significantly lower numbers and animal biomass than the two enclosed grasslands, indicating the negative effects of degraded vegetation and soil conditions on soil animal communities. In the River Beach area, there were no differences of animal biomass, number and biodiversity between the grazing channel and the enclosed meadow steppe, perhaps due to the humid soil environment in the area.

中图分类号:

S154.5

林恭华,赵芳,陈桂琛,陈生云,苏建平,张同作. 青海湖北岸不同土地利用方式对大型土壤动物群落的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2012, 21(2): 180-186.

LIN Gong-hua, ZHAO Fang, CHEN Gui-chen, CHEN Sheng-yun, SU Jian-ping, ZHANG Tong-zuo. Effects of different land-use types on larger-size soil animal communities in the northern region of Qinghai Lake[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2012, 21(2): 180-186.

参考文献

[1] 周国英, 陈桂琛, 李伟, 等. 青海湖地区芨芨草群落特征及其物种多样性研究[J]. 西北植物学报, 2003, 23(11): l956-l962.
[2] 朱宝文, 周华坤, 徐有绪, 等. 青海湖北岸草甸草原牧草生物量季节动态研究[J]. 草业科学, 2008, 25(12): 62-66.
[3] 乔有明, 王振群, 段中华. 青海湖北岸土地利用方式对土壤碳氮含量的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2009, 18(6): 105-112.
[4] 周国英, 陈桂琛, 赵以莲, 等. 施肥和围栏封育对青海湖地区高寒草原影响的比较研究——Ⅰ群落结构及其物种多样性[J]. 草业学报, 2004, 13(1): 26-31.
[5] 周国英, 陈桂琛, 赵以莲, 等. 施肥和围栏封育对青海湖地区高寒草原影响的比较研究——Ⅱ地上生物量季节动态[J]. 草业科学, 2005, 22(1): 59-63.
[6] 周国英, 陈桂琛, 韩友吉, 等. 围栏封育对青海湖地区芨芨草草原群落特征的影响[J]. 中国草地学报, 2007, 29(1): 19-23.
[7] 吴鹏飞, 刘兴良, 刘世荣. 米亚罗亚高山草甸冬春两季土壤动物群落特征的比较[J]. 草业学报, 2009, 18(5): 123-129.
[8] Curry J P, Good J A. Soil faunal degradation and restoration[J]. Advances in Soil Science, 1992, 17: 11-21.
[9] 焦婷, 常根柱, 周学辉, 等. 高寒草甸草场不同载畜量下土壤酶与土壤肥力的关系研究[J]. 草业学报, 2009, 18(6): 98-104.
[10] Lavelle P. Faunal activities and soil processes: adaptive strategies that determine ecosystem function[J]. Advances in Ecological Research, 1997, 24: 93-132.
[11] 尹文英. 中国土壤动物检索图鉴[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1998.
[12] 南开大学五校合编. 昆虫学[M]. 北京: 高等教育出版社, 1980.
[13] 吴亚, 金翠霞. 土壤昆虫的数量与生物量及其影响因素[J]. 生态学报, 1982, 2(4): 375-382.
[14] 魏登贤. 格姆滩不同程度退化草地土壤动物的指示作用研究[D]. 西宁: 青海大学, 2008.
[15] 仁青吉, 武高林, 任国华. 放牧强度对青藏高原东部高寒草甸植物群落特征的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2009, 18(5): 256-261.
[16] 张成霞, 南志标. 放牧对草地土壤理化特性影响的研究进展[J]. 草业学报, 2010, 19(4): 204-211.
[17] 林恭华, 杨传华, 陈生云, 等. 疏勒河上游冻土区大型土壤动物群落调查[J]. 草业科学, 2011, 28(10): 1864-1868.
[18] 金朝. 高寒草地大型土壤动物群落结构研究[D]. 兰州: 甘肃农业大学, 2008.
[19] 尹文英. 中国土壤动物[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2000.
[20] 葛斯琴, 杨星科, 李文柱, 等. 鞘翅目系统演化关系研究进展[J]. 动物分类学报, 2003, 28(4): 599-605.
[21] Resh V H, Carde R T. Encyclopedia of Insects (2nd Edition)[M]. San Diego: Academic Press, 2009.
[22] 付景, 张迎春. 27种瓢虫mtDNA COI基因序列分析及系统发育研究(鞘翅目: 瓢虫科)[J]. 昆虫分类学报, 2006, 28(3): 179-186.
[23] Hunt T. A comprehensive phylogeny of beetles reveals the evolutionary origins of a superradiation[J]. Science, 2007, 318: 1913-1916.
[24] Kress W J, Erickson D L. DNA barcodes: Genes, genomics, and bioinformatics[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2008, 105(8): 2761-2762.