不同耕作方式下春小麦生育期土壤酶时空变化研究

草业学报 ›› 2012, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (6): 94-101.

不同耕作方式下春小麦生育期土壤酶时空变化研究

罗珠珠^1,2,黄高宝^2*,蔡立群^1,2,张仁陟²,李玲玲²,谢军红²

1.甘肃农业大学资源与环境学院, 甘肃兰州 730070;
2.甘肃省干旱生境作物学省部共建国家重点实验室, 甘肃兰州 730070

收稿日期:2011-04-13 出版日期:2012-06-25 发布日期:2012-12-20
通讯作者: E-mail:huanggb@gsau.edu.cn
作者简介:罗珠珠(1979-),女,甘肃天水人,副教授,博士。E-mail:Luozz@gsau.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(31171513, 31160269, 31060178),教育部博士学科点专项科研基金(20106202110002,20106202120004),甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室开放基金项目(GSCS-2010-03)和甘肃农业大学创新基金项目(GAU-CX1104)资助。

Temporal and spatial disparities of soil enzyme activities during the spring wheat growing season under different tillage systems

LUO Zhu-zhu^1,2, HUANG Gao-bao², CAI Li-qun^1,2, ZHANG Ren-zhi², LI Ling-ling², XIE Jun-hong²

1.Resources and Environment Faculty of Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
2.Gansu Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou 730070, China

Received:2011-04-13 Online:2012-06-25 Published:2012-12-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 通过设置在陇中黄土高原的保护性耕作长期定位试验,研究了不同耕作方式下土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶、碱性磷酸酶和蔗糖酶活性在春小麦不同生育时期和不同土层深度的动态变化。4种耕作方式包括:传统耕作(T)、免耕(NT)、传统耕作秸秆还田(TS)、免耕秸秆覆盖(NTS)。结果表明,NTS可以显著提高耕层0~30 cm土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶、碱性磷酸酶和蔗糖酶活性,春小麦整个生育期分别比T 增加了4.02%,8.74%,20.51%和31.45%;而NT和TS对土壤过氧化氢酶和蔗糖酶活性的效应有一定的阶段性。在空间分布上,NT和NTS 处理条件下4种土壤酶活性随着土层加深均呈下降趋势;T处理条件下4种土壤酶活性和TS处理条件下土壤脲酶和碱性磷酸酶活性随土层加深呈先增后减趋势,而TS处理条件下土壤过氧化氢酶和蔗糖酶活性随土层加深呈递减趋势。进一步研究发现,不同因子对土壤酶活性的影响效应各异,其中生育时期对脲酶影响最大,耕作方式和覆盖材料对蔗糖酶影响最大,交互作用对过氧化氢酶影响最大。

Abstract: Based on field experiments conducted in Dingxi on the western Loess Plateau, the effects of four treatments: conventional tillage (T), conventional tillage with stubble retention (TS), no tillage with no stubble retention (NT), no tillage with stubble retention (NTS) on temporal and spatial disparities of soil enzyme activities during the spring wheat growing season were studied. Soil catalase, urease, alkaline phosphatase and invertase activities under NTS were significantly higher than those under T, being 24.02%, 8.74%, 20.51% and 31.45% respectively at 0-30 cm depth during spring wheat growing seasons, while the effects of NT and TS on soil enzyme activities were seasonal. There was a decreasing trend of soil enzyme activities with increasing soil depth under NT and NTS treatments. Soil catalase, urease, alkaline phosphatase and invertase activities under T treatment and soil urease and alkaline phosphatase activities under TS treatment increased then decreased with increasing soil depth, while soil catalase and invertase activities under TS treatment decreased. Analysis of variance indicated that the greatest effects of the growing seasons were on soil urease activity, and of tillage and cover on soil invertase activity, while soil catalase activity had the most effect on the interactions of various factors.

中图分类号:

S344
S154.2

罗珠珠,黄高宝,蔡立群,张仁陟,李玲玲,谢军红. 不同耕作方式下春小麦生育期土壤酶时空变化研究[J]. 草业学报, 2012, 21(6): 94-101.

LUO Zhu-zhu, HUANG Gao-bao, CAI Li-qun, ZHANG Ren-zhi, LI Ling-ling, XIE Jun-hong. Temporal and spatial disparities of soil enzyme activities during the spring wheat growing season under different tillage systems[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2012, 21(6): 94-101.

参考文献

[1] 张丽莉, 张玉兰, 陈利军, 等. 稻-麦轮作系统土壤糖酶活性对开放式CO₂浓度增高的响应[J]. 应用生态学报, 2004, 15(6): 1019-1024.
[2] 王长庭, 龙瑞军, 王根绪, 等. 高寒草甸群落地表植被特征与土壤理化性状、土壤微生物之间的相关性研究[J]. 草业学报, 2010, 19(6): 25-34.
[3] 文都日, 李刚, 张静妮, 等. 呼伦贝尔不同草地类型土壤微生物量及土壤酶活性研究[J]. 草业学报, 2010, 19(5): 94-102.
[4] 托尔坤·买买提, 于磊, 鲁为华. 不同生长年限苜蓿对土壤酶活性与养分的影响[J]. 草业科学, 2010, 27(11): 21-25.
[5] Dick R P. Soil enzyme activity as biodiversity measurements as integrating biologic indicators[A]. In: Doran J W. Handbook of Methods for Assessment of Soil Quality[C]. Madison: SSSA Spec. Pub 49. Soil Society of America Special Publication pub, 1996: 247-272.
[6] Bolton H, Jr Elliot L F, Papendick R L, et al. Soil microbial biomass and selected soil enzyme activities effects of fertilization and cropping practices[J]. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 1985, 17: 297-302.
[7] Dick R P, Myrold D D, Kerle E A. Microbial biomass and soil enzyme activities in compacted and rehabilitated skid trail soils[J]. Soil Science Society of American Journal, 1988, 52: 512-516.
[8] Bandick A K, Dick R P. Field management effects on soil enzyme activities[J]. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 1999, 31: 1471-1497.
[9] Verstrate W, Voets J P. Soil microbial and biochemical characteristics in relation to soil management and fertility[J]. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 1977, 9: 253-258.
[10] Martems D A, Johnson J B, Frankenberger Jr W T. Production and persistence of soil enzyme with repeated addition of organic residues[J]. Soil Science, 1992, 153: 53-61.
[11] Werten W, Scherer H W, Olfs H W. Influence of long-term application of sewage and compost from garbage with sewage sludge on soil fertility criteria[J]. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 1988, 160: 173-179.
[12] Hang Y M, Zhou G Y, Wu N, et al. Soil enzyme activity changes in different aged spruce forests of the Eastern Qinghai Tibetan plateau[J]. Pedosphere, 2004, 14: 305-312.
[13] Caravaca F, Masciandaro G, Ceccanti B. Land use in relation to soil chemical and biochemical properties in a semiarid Mediterranean environment[J]. Soil & Tillage Research, 2002, 68: 23-30.
[14] Aon M A, Cabello M N, Sarena D E, et al. Spatial-temporal patterns of soil microbial and enzymatic activities in an agricultural soil[J]. Applied Soil Ecology, 2001, 18: 239-254.
[15] Aon M A, Colaneri A C. Temporal and spatial evolution of enzymatic activities and physic-chemical properties in an agricultural soil[J]. Applied Soil Ecology, 2001, 18: 255-270.
[16] Roldán A, Salinas-García J R, Alguacil M M, et al. Changes in soil enzyme activity, fertility, aggregation and C sequestration mediated by conservation tillage practices and water regime in a maize field[J]. Applied Soil Ecology, 2005, 30: 11-20.
[17] Riffaldi R, Saviozzi A, Levi Minzi R, et al. Biochemical properties of a Mediterranean soil as affected by long-term crop management systems[J]. Soil & Tillage Research, 2002, 67: 109-114.
[18] 罗珠珠, 黄高宝, 李光棣, 等. 保护性耕作对旱作农田耕层土壤肥力及酶活性的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2009, 15(5): 1085-1092.
[19] Wang F E, Chen Y X, Tian G M, et al. Microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in the soil profiles of different vegetation covers established for soil rehabilitation in a red soil region of southeastern China[J]. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 2004, 68: 181-189.
[20] Hernández R M, López Hernández D. Microbial biomass, mineral nitrogen and carbon content in savanna soil aggregates under conventional and no-tillage[J]. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2002, 34: 1563-1570.
[21] 叶家颖, 马承豪, 杨爱平, 等. 月柿根际土壤酶活性的研究[J]. 广西师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2000, 18(4): 82-86.
[22] 林天, 何园球, 李成亮, 等. 红壤旱地中土壤酶对长期施肥的响应[J]. 土壤学报, 2005, 42(4): 682-686.
[23] 严昶升. 土壤肥力研究方法[M]. 北京: 农业出版社, 1988.
[24] 赵兰坡, 姜岩. 土壤磷酸酶活性测定方法探讨[J]. 土壤通报, 1986, 17(3): 138-141.
[25] 关松荫. 土壤酶及其研究法[M]. 北京: 农业出版社, 1986.
[26] 张玉兰, 张丽莉, 陈利军. 稻-麦轮作系统土壤蔗糖酶活性对开放式CO₂浓度增高的响应[J]. 应用生态学报, 2004, 15(6): 1014-1018.
[27] 沈宏, 曹志洪, 徐本生. 玉米生长期间土壤微生物量与土壤酶变化及其相关性研究[J]. 应用生态学报, 1999, 10: 471-474.
[28] García Gil J C, Plaza C, Soler Rovira P, et al. Long-term effects of municipal solid waste compost application on soil enzyme activities and microbial biomass[J]. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2000, 32: 1907-1913.
[29] Bergstrom D W, Monreal C M, Tomlin A D, et al. Interpretation of soil enzyme activities in a comparison of tillage practices along a Topographic and textural gradient[J]. Canadian Journal of Soil Science, 2000, 80: 71-79.
[30] 宋日, 吴春胜, 牟金明, 等. 玉米生育期内土壤微生物量碳和酶活性动态变化特征[J]. 吉林农业大学学报, 2001, 23(2): 13-16.
[31] 李焕珍, 张忠源, 杨伟奇, 等. 玉米秸秆直接还田培肥效果的研究[J]. 土壤通报, 1996, 27(5): 213-215.
[32] Roldán A, Salinas García J R, Alguacil M M, et al. Changes in soil enzyme activity, fertility, aggregation and C sequestration mediated by conservation tillage practices and water regime in a maize field[J]. Applied Soil Ecology, 2005, 30: 11-20.
[33] 杨晶, 沈禹颖, 南志标, 等. 保护性耕作对黄土高原玉米-小麦-大豆轮作系统产量及表层土壤碳管理指数的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2010, 19(1): 75-82.
[34] Holland J N. Effects of above-ground herb ivory on soil microbial biomass in conventional and no-tillage agro-ecosystems[J]. Applied Soil Ecology, 1995, 20: 275-279.
[35] Balota E L, Filho A C, Andrade D S, et al. Long-term tillage and crop rotation effects on microbial biomass and C and N mineralization in a Brazilian Oxisol[J]. Soil & Tillage Research, 2004, 77: 137-145.