添加糖蜜和乳酸菌制剂对西藏青稞秸秆和多年生黑麦草混合青贮发酵品质的影响

doi:10.11686/cyxb20140412

草业学报 ›› 2014, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (4): 100-106.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb20140412

添加糖蜜和乳酸菌制剂对西藏青稞秸秆和多年生黑麦草混合青贮发酵品质的影响

赵庆杰^1，4，原现军¹，郭刚¹，闻爱友¹，巴桑³，王奇¹，沈振西²，余成群²，邵涛^1*

1.南京农业大学动物科学技术学院饲草调制加工与贮藏研究所,江苏南京210095
2.中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101
3.西藏日喀则地区草原工作站,西藏日喀则857000
4.海南大学应用科技学院儋州校区,海南儋州571737

收稿日期:2013-08-22 出版日期:2014-08-20 发布日期:2014-08-20
通讯作者: E-mail:taoshaolan@163.com
作者简介:赵庆杰(1985-),男,山东泰安人,助教。E-mail:zqj20053@126.com
基金资助:
“十二”国家科技支撑计划“藏北退化草地综合整治技术与示范”(2011BAC09B03),西藏主要农作物秸秆与栽培牧草混合青贮关键技术研究(XZ20093ZD),中国科学院西藏区域创新平台建设项目“促进农牧民增收的西藏农牧结合技术体系构建与示范”和海南大学应用科技学院(儋州校区)2013年度科研项目(Hyk-1308)资助

Effect of adding an inoculant and molasses on fermentation quality of mixed silage of hull-lessbarley straw and perennial ryegrass in Tibet

ZHAO Qing-jie^1,4,YUAN Xian-jun¹,GUO Gang¹,WEN Ai-you¹,BA Sang³,WANG Qi¹,SHEN Zhen-xi²,YU Cheng-qun²,SHAO Tao¹

1.Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass,College of Animal Science and Technology,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China;
2.Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;
3.The Prairie Workstation of Shigatse,Tibet 857000,China;
4.College of Applied Science and Technology,Hainan University,Danzhou 571737,China

Received:2013-08-22 Online:2014-08-20 Published:2014-08-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探究不同添加剂对青稞秸秆与多年生黑麦草(4∶6)混合青贮发酵品质的影响,试验设对照组(C)、乳酸菌制剂组(LAB)、糖蜜组(M)、乳酸菌制剂+糖蜜组(LAB+M)4个处理,青贮后第7, 24和45天打开,测定青贮发酵品质。结果表明,添加乳酸菌制剂加速了青贮早期乳酸发酵进程,但由于底物不足,青贮后期丁酸含量和氨态氮/总氮值有所升高;添加糖蜜补充了发酵底物,促进了乳酸发酵,显著(P<0.05)提高了乳酸含量,降低了pH值(P<0.05),从而有效地抑制了有害微生物的活性,减少了丙酸和丁酸的生成。乳酸菌制剂+糖蜜组与单独添加乳酸菌制剂组相比显著提高了青贮发酵品质, 但与单独添加糖蜜组相比差异不显著,表明发酵底物不足是限制青稞秸秆与多年生黑麦草混合青贮发酵品质的主要因素。

Abstract: To evaluate the effect of adding an inoculant (LAB) or/and molasses (M) on the fermentation quality of mixed silage of hull-lessbarley straw and perennial ryegrass during ensiling,an experiment was designed with the following treatments: control,LAB,molasses and LAB+molasses. Six silos per treatment were opened 7,24 and 45 days after ensiling and the fermentation quality was measured. Adding LAB accelerated the onset of lactic acid fermentation; however,there were increases in butyric acid and ammonia/total N during the latter stage of ensiling due to the lack of fermentable substrate. The addition of molasses supplied the fermentative substrates,which improved the fermentation quality and significantly (P<0.05) increased the lactic acid content,significantly (P<0.05) reduced pH and decreased propionic and butyric acid contents. Combination addition of LAB and molasses significantly improved the fermentation quality of mixed silage compared with LAB addition alone,but there were no significant differences in fermentation quality between silages treated by M alone and by M plus LAB. It is concluded that the lack of fermentation substrate is the major limiting factor for mixed silage of hull-lessbarley straw and perennial ryegrass.

中图分类号:

S816.6

赵庆杰，原现军，郭刚，闻爱友，巴桑，王奇，沈振西，余成群，邵涛. 添加糖蜜和乳酸菌制剂对西藏青稞秸秆和多年生黑麦草混合青贮发酵品质的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2014, 23(4): 100-106.

ZHAO Qing-jie,YUAN Xian-jun,GUO Gang,WEN Ai-you,BA Sang,WANG Qi,SHEN Zhen-xi,YU Cheng-qun,SHAO Tao. Effect of adding an inoculant and molasses on fermentation quality of mixed silage of hull-lessbarley straw and perennial ryegrass in Tibet[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2014, 23(4): 100-106.

参考文献

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参考文献：
[1]蔡义民, 熊井清雄, 廖芷, 等. 乳酸菌剂对青贮饲料发酵品质的改善效果[J]. 中国农业科学, 1995, 28(2): 73-82.
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[4]Weinberg Z G, Chen Y, Weinberg P. Ensiling olive cake with and without molasses for ruminant feeding[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2008, 99(6): 1526-1529.
[5]Hashemzadeh-Cigari F, Khorvash M, Ghorbani G R, et al. Interactive effects of molasses by homofermentative and heterofermentative inoculants on fermentation quality, nitrogen fractionation, nutritive value and aerobic stability of wilted alfalfa (Medicago sativa L) silage[J]. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 2013, 98(2): 290-299.
[6]原现军, 余成群, 李志华, 等. 西藏青稞秸秆与多年生黑麦草混合青贮发酵品质的研究[J]. 草业学报, 2012, 21(4): 325-330.
[7]Krishnamoorthy U, Muscato T V, Sniffen C J, et al. Nitrogen fractions in selected feedstuffs[J]. Journal of Dairy Science, 1982, 65(2): 217-225.
[8]Owens V N, Albrecht K A, Muck R E, et al. Protein degradation and fermentation characteristics of red clover and alfalfa silage harvested with varying levels of total nonstructural carbohydrates[J]. Crop Science, 1999, 39(6): 1873-1880.
[9]Madrid J, Martínez-Teruel A, Hernández F, et al. A comparative study on the determination of lactic acid in silage juice by colorimetric, high-performance liquid chromatography and enzymatic methods[J]. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 1999, 79(12): 1722-1726.
[10]Weatherburn M. Phenol-hypochlorite reaction for determination of ammonia[J]. Analytical Chemistry, 1967, 39(8): 971-974.
[11]原现军, 夏坤, 余成群, 等. 添加青稞酒糟对西藏地区箭筈豌豆与苇状羊茅青贮发酵品质的影响[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2012, 43(9): 1408-1414.
[12]Baytok E, Aksu T, Karsli M, et al. The effects of formic acid, molasses and inoculant as silage additives on corn silage composition and ruminal fermentation characteristics in sheep[J]. Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, 2005, 29(2):469-474.
[13]Gao L, Yang H, Wang X, et al. Rice straw fermentation using lactic acid bacteria[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2008, 99(8):2742-2748.
[14]原现军，王奇，李志华，等.添加糖蜜对青稞秸秆和多年生黑麦草混合青贮发酵品质及营养价值的影响[J].草业学报， 2013， 22(3):116-123.
[15]荣辉，余成群，陈杰，等.添加绿汁发酵液、乳酸菌制剂和葡萄糖对象草青贮发酵品质的影响[J].草业学报， 2013， 22(3):108-115.
[16]Aksu T, Baytok E, Karsli M A, et al. Effects of formic acid, molasses and inoculant additives on corn silage composition, organic matter digestibility and microbial protein synthesis in sheep[J]. Small Ruminant Research, 2006, 61(1): 29-33.
[17]Seale D R, Henderson A R, Pettersson K O, et al. The effect of addition of sugar and inoculation with two commercial inoculants on the fermentation of lucerne silage in laboratory silos[J]. Grass and Forage Science, 1986, 41(1): 61-70.
[18]Wilkinson J M, Davies D R. The aerobic stability of silage: key findings and recent developments[J]. Grass and Forage Science, 2013, 68(1): 1-19.
[19]Merry R J, Davies D R. Propionibacteria and their role in the biological control of aerobic spoilage in silage[J]. Le Lait, 1999, 79(1): 149-164.
[20]Zhang J G, Kawamoto H, Cai Y M. Relationships between the addition rates of cellulase or glucose and silage fermentation at different temperatures[J]. Animal Science Journal, 2010, 81(3): 325-330.
[21]Shao T, Ohba N, Shimojo M, et al. Effects of addition of glucose and sorbic acid on the fermentationi quality of guineagrass (Panicum maximum jacq.) silages[J]. Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 2003, 47(2): 351-358.
[22]Bergen W G, Byrem T M, Grant A L. Ensiling characteristics of whole-crop small grains harvested at milk and dough stages[J]. Journal of Animal Science, 1991, 69(4): 1766-1774.
[23]Kwak W S, Kim Y I, Seok J S, et al. Molasses and microbial inoculants improve fermentability and silage quality of cotton waste-based spent mushroom substrate[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2009, 100(3): 1471-1473.

添加糖蜜和乳酸菌制剂对西藏青稞秸秆和多年生黑麦草混合青贮发酵品质的影响

Effect of adding an inoculant and molasses on fermentation quality of mixed silage of hull-lessbarley straw and perennial ryegrass in Tibet

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