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草业学报 ›› 2014, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (4): 322-329.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb20140439

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植物光呼吸途径研究进展

郭玉朋*   

  1. 青海民族大学化学与生命科学院,青海西宁810007
  • 收稿日期:2013-04-15 出版日期:2014-08-20 发布日期:2014-08-20
  • 作者简介:郭玉朋(1975-),男,青海西宁人,讲师。E-mail: guoyup@lzu.edu.cn

A study on advances in plant photorespiration

GUO Yu-peng   

  1. School of Chemistry and Life Science,Qinghai University for Nationalities,Xining 810007,China
  • Received:2013-04-15 Online:2014-08-20 Published:2014-08-20

摘要: 光呼吸是和光合作用密切相关的一个过程,它起始于光合作用碳固定阶段的第1个酶,1,5-二磷酸核酮糖(RuBP)羧化/加氧酶的加氧反应。RuBP加氧生成2-磷酸乙醇酸,这是一种对光合作用有抑制作用的物质,通过光呼吸可以转化成3-磷酸甘油酸(3-PGA),作为卡尔文循环的底物被利用。由于这一过程释放CO2及NH3,消耗还原力NADPH和能量ATP,因此被认为是不利于光合作用的一个浪费能量的过程。但光呼吸也有其有利的一面。在强光下,光呼吸可以通过调节电子传递、消耗能量等方式,减轻由于光能过剩造成的光抑制及光氧化对光合机构的伤害。对光呼吸途径基因的克隆,有助于更好地了解光呼吸的生理功能,并通过对基因的修饰,达到调控光呼吸的目的,使作物增产。在这里,本文就关于光呼吸的途径、生理功能、基因克隆及光呼吸调控几个方面的内容做了综述。

Abstract: Photorespiration,a tightly correlated process with photosynthesis,is initiated by the oxygenation of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP),a process catalyzed by RuBP carboxylase/oxygenase. In this reaction,2-phosphoglycolate,a compound toxic to photosynthesis is produced and recycled back to phosphoglycerate (3-PGA),a Calvin cycle intermediate. Because of production of CO2 and NH3,and the considerable loss of energy,this cycle is considered a wasteful process. However,under high light intensities,photorespiration could also alleviate photo-inhibition and photo-oxydation by adjustment of electron flow and consumption of excess energy. The gene cloning of this process could facilitate studies on physiological functions and increase crop yields by modifying key genes. In this article,the process,physiological functions,gene cloning and regulation of this pathway are summarized.

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