Abstract: The fruit structures of eighteen species of Ferula (sixteen species from China) and two taxa of Dorema in Apiaceae subfamily Apioideae were intensively studied, mostly using GMA methods. The results show that the mericarps of fruits are dorsally compressed, two marginal ribs are winged, the endocarp is composed of parenchyma cells, commissure comprises the entire width of the fruit, two carpophores are arranged on opposite sides of the commissural plane and spherical crystals are dispersed in the mesocarp. The taxa studied could be divided into two groups based on the pericarp, vitta, and testa features. Group one (including 4 species of Ferula) has vittae with septa, fibrous mesocarp and testa with rectangular cells. Group two (including 16 species of Ferula and 2 species of Dorema) has vittae without septa, mesocarp composed of parenchyma or lignified cells and testa usually comprising square cells. The fruit of Dorema and some species of Ferula are very similar in structure. The study supports the hypothesis that Ferula is an artifical taxon, indicated by classical taxonomy, and provides the morphological evidence that Dorema should be moved to Ferula (as Ferula sensu lato).