抗草丁膦转基因油菜与野芥菜的抗性回交3代子1代和子2代的适合度

doi:10.11686/cyxb2017129

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 如果抗除草剂转基因油菜的抗性基因渗入到野芥菜中,会给野芥菜的防除带来很大困难。因此在抗除草剂转基因油菜环境释放前对抗性基因向野芥菜的渗入开展深入的研究非常必要。以抗草丁膦转基因油菜与野芥菜的携带抗性基因回交3代子1代和子2代(BC3mF2和BC3pF2及BC3mF3和BC3pF3,m表示以野芥菜为母本的回交后代,p表示以野芥菜为父本的回交后代)为材料,在田间条件下研究了它们在不同密度(低密度为15株/区,高密度为30株/区)及不同种植比例(单种,野芥菜与回交后代以4:1、3:2、1:1混种)时的适合度成分和总适合度。结果表明,无论是低密度还是高密度条件下,单种时BC3F2和BC3F3的总适合度均与野芥菜无显著差异。低密度混种时,在4:1和3:2下,只有BC3mF3的总适合度与野芥菜无显著差异,其余各后代的总适合度均显著小于野芥菜;以1:1混种时,只有BC3mF2和BC3mF3的总适合度与野芥菜无显著差异。高密度混种时,3个比例混种下4种供试回交后代的总适合度均显著小于野芥菜。相关性分析结果表明,BC3mF3的各适合度成分都与混种比例不相关。表明携带抗性基因的BC3F2和BC3F3在野外都具有生存定植的可能性,且BC3mF3定植的可能性较其他供试回交后代更大。因此在防范转基因油菜基因逃逸的策略上,在防范初始杂交发生的同时,也应该防范回交后代的产生。

Abstract: One of the concerns about releasing transgenic herbicide-resistant oilseed rape (Brassica napus, AACC=38) is that herbicide-resistant (HR) transgenes from transgenic oilseed rape may escape to wild Brassica juncea. If this happens, wild B. juncea with the HR trait might pose new problems for weed control. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate gene flow from HR transgenic oilseed rape to wild B. juncea before it is released. The fitness components and composite fitness of BC3mF2, BC3pF2, BC3mF3 and BC3pF3 (m=backcross progeny obtained with wild B. juncea as maternal plants; p=backcross progeny obtained with wild B. juncea as paternal plants.) between glufosinate-resistant transgenic oilseed rape and wild B. juncea under different densities and different planting proportions were measured in the field. In pure plots, the composite fitness of BC3F2 and BC3F3 were not different to wild B. juncea either at low density (15 plants/plot), or high density (30 plants/plot). In mixed plots, at low density under 4:1, 3:2 proportions, the composite fitness of the backcross generations was lower than that of wild B. juncea except for BC3mF3, which was similar to wild B. juncea. Under 1:1 proportion, the composite fitness of the backcross generations was lower than that of wild B. juncea except for BC3mF2 and BC3mF3, which were similar to wild B. juncea. At high density, the composite fitness of all backcross generations was lower than that of wild B. juncea irrespective of proportions. There was no correlation between fitness components of BC3mF3 and planting density. BC3F2 and BC3F3 between glufosinate-resistant transgenic oilseed rape and wild B. juncea have the ability to establish in field, particularly BC3mF3. Therefore, hybridization between transgenic oilseed rape and wild B. juncea, including backcrosses between wild B. juncea and F₁ or subsequent generations, should be prevented.

王晓蕾, 王建, 张庆玲, 闫静, 强胜, 宋小玲. 抗草丁膦转基因油菜与野芥菜的抗性回交3代子1代和子2代的适合度[J]. 草业学报, 2017, 26(12): 138-151.

WANG Xiao-Lei, WANG Jian, ZHANG Qing-Ling, YAN Jing, QIANG Sheng, SONG Xiao-Ling. Fitness of resistant backcross generation (BC3F2-3) between glufosinate-resistant transgenic oilseed rape and wild Brassica juncea[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2017, 26(12): 138-151.

参考文献

[1] International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-biotech Applications(ISAAA). Global status of commercialized biotech/GM crops: 2015. China Biotechnology, 2016, 36(4): 1-11.
国际农业生物技术应用服务组织. 2015 年全球生物技术/转基因作物商业化发展态势. 中国生物工程杂志, 2016, 36(4): 1-11.
[2] Stewart C N Jr, Halfhill M D, Warwick S I. Transgene introgression from genetically modified crops to their wild relatives. Nature Reviews Genetics, 2003, 4(4): 806-817.
[3] Lu B R, Fu Q, Shen Z C. Commercialization of transgenic rice in China: potential environmental biosafety issues. Biodiversity Science, 2008, 16(5): 426-436.
卢宝荣, 傅强, 沈志成. 我国转基因水稻商品化应用的潜在环境生物安全问题. 生物多样性, 2008, 16(5): 426-436.
[4] Cao D, Stewart C N, Zheng M, et al . Stable Bacillus thuringiensis transgene introgression from Brassica napus to wild mustard B. juncea . Plant Science, 2014, 227: 45-50.
[5] Chen C Y, Luo Y L, Li X. Research situation and development countermeasure of transgenic rapeseed in China. Hubei Agricultural Sciences, 2013, 52(16): 3762-3766.
陈春燕, 罗颖玲, 李晓. 中国转基因油菜研究现状及发展对策. 湖北农业科学, 2013, 52(16): 3762-3766.
[6] Yoshimura Y, Beckie H J, Matsuo K. Transgenic oilseed rape along transportation routes and port of Vancouver in western Canada. Environmental Biosafety Research, 2006, 5(2): 67-75.
[7] Kawata M, Murakami K, Ishikawa T. Dispersal and persistence of genetically modified oilseed rape around Japanese harbors. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2009, 16(2): 120-126.
[8] Aono M, Wakiyama S, Nagatsu M, et al . Seeds of a possible natural hybrid between herbicide-resistant Brassica napus and Brassica rapa detected on a riverbank in Japan. GM Crops, 2011, 2(3): 201-210.
[9] Tsuda M, Okuzaki A, Kaneko Y, et al . Persistent C genome chromosome regions identified by SSR analysis in backcross progenies between Brassica juncea and B. napus . Breeding Science, 2012, 62(4): 328-333.
[10] Song X L, Huangfu C H, Qiang S. Gene flow from transgenic glufosinate- or glyphosate-tolerant oilseed rape to wild rape. Journal of Plant Ecology (Chinese Version), 2007, 31(4): 729-737.
宋小玲, 皇甫超河, 强胜. 抗草丁膦和抗草甘膦转基因油菜的抗性基因向野芥菜的流动. 植物生态学报, 2007, 31(4): 729-737.
[11] Richardg F J, Tristant A, Lindae N L, et al . Hybridisation within Brassica and allied genera: evaluation of potential for transgene escape. Euphytica, 2007, 158(1): 209-230.
[12] Chèvre A M, Adamczyk K, Eber F, et al . Modelling gene flow between oilseed rape and wild radish. Evolution of chromosome structure. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2007, 114: 209-221.
[13] Devos Y, De Schrijver A, Reheul D. Quantifying the introgressive hybridisation propensity between transgenic oilseed rape and its wild/weedy relatives. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2009, 149(1/2/3/4): 303-322.
[14] Jenczewski E, Ronfort J, Chèvre A M. Crop-to-wild gene flow, introgression and possible fitness effects of transgenes. Environmental Biosafety Researeh, 2003, 2: 9-24.
[15] Darmency H, Fleury A. Mating system in Hirschfeldia incana and hybridization to oilseed rape. Weed Research-Oxford, 2000, 40(2): 231-238.
[16] Chèvre A M, Eber F, Baranger A, et al . Gene flow from transgenic crops. Nature, 1997, 389: 924.
[17] Chèvre A M, Eber F, Baranger A, et al . Characterization of backcross generations obtained under field conditions from oilseed rape-wild radish F 1 interspecific hybrids: an assessment of transgene dispersal. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 1998, 97(1/2): 90-98.
[18] Gueritaine G, Sester M, Eber F, et al . Fitness of backcross six of hybrids between transgenic oilseed rape ( Brassica napus ) and wild radish ( Raphanus raphanistrum ). Molecular Ecology, 2002, 11(8): 1419-1426.
[19] Zheng A Q, Qiang S, Song X L. Fitness of backcross between F 1 (wild B. juncea ×herbicide-resistant transgenic oilseed rape) and 5 conventional cultivate varieties. Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology, 2014, 20(3): 337-344.
郑爱琴, 强胜, 宋小玲. 抗除草剂转基因油菜与野芥菜的杂交1代与5种常规栽培油菜回交后代的适合度. 应用与环境生物学报, 2014, 20(3): 337-344.
[20] Hauser T P, Damgaard C, Jørgensen R B. Frequency-dependent fitness of hybrids between oilseed rape ( Brassica napus ) and weedy B. rapa (Brassicaceae). American Journal of Botany, 2003, 90(4): 571-578.
[21] Campbell L G, Snow A A. Competition alters life history and increases the relative fecundity of crop-wild radish hybrids ( Raphanus spp.). New Phytologist, 2007, 173(3): 648-660.
[22] Mercer K L, Andow D A, Wyse D L, et al . Stress and domestication traits increase the relative fitness of crop-wild hybrids in sunflower. Ecology Letters, 2007, (10): 383-393.
[23] Hovick S M, Campbell L G, Snow A A, et al . Hybridization alters early life-history traits and increases plant colonization success in a novel region. The American Naturalist, 2012, 179(2): 192-203.
[24] Huangfu C H, Song X L, Qiang S. ISSR variation within and among natural Brassica juncea populations, implication for herbicide resistance evolution. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 2009, 56(7): 913-924.
[25] Jørgensen R B, Andersen B, Hauser T P, et al . Introgression of crop genes from oilseed rape ( Brassica napus ) to related wild species-an avenue for the escape of engineered genes. Acta Horticulturae, 1998, 459: 211-217.
[26] Pu H M, Qi C K, Zhang J F, et al . Studies on the gene flow from herbicide-tolerant GM rapeseed to its close relative crops. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2005, 25(3): 581-588.
浦惠明, 戚存扣, 张洁夫, 等. 转基因抗除草剂油菜对近缘作物的基因漂移. 生态学报, 2005, 25(3): 581-588.
[27] Song X L, Wang Z, Zuo J, et al . Potential gene flow of two herbicide-tolerant transgenes from oilseed rape to wild B. juncea var. gracilis . Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2010, 120(8): 1501-1510.
[28] Cudney D W, Jordan L S, Hall A E. Effect of wild oat ( Avena fatua ) infestations on light interception and growth rate of wheat ( Triticum aestivum ). Weed Science, 1991, 39(2): 175-179.
[29] Leng S H, Shan Y H, Zhu G R, et al . Study on axillary bud differentiation and primary branch formation of rape. Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences, 1996, (2): 20-23.
冷锁虎, 单玉华, 朱耕如, 等. 油菜的腋芽分化与分枝形成. 中国油料作物学报, 1996, (2): 20-23.
[30] Hu H W. The relation of 12 kinds of main traits and yield of Brassica napus . Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences, 1997, (3): 10-11.
胡虹文. 甘蓝型油菜12种主要性状与产量的关系. 中国油料作物学报, 1997, (3): 10-11.
[31] Honek A, Martinkova Z. Body size and the colonisation of cereal crops by the invasive slug Arion lusitanicus . Annals of Applied Biology, 2015, 158(1): 79-86.
[32] Gao B J, Li P, Jiang H. A number of Brassica napus were used relationship analysis of yield and agronomic traits. Journal of Biomathematics, 2007, 22(1): 137-144.
高必军, 李平, 江洪. 甘蓝型油菜若干农艺性状与单株产量的关系分析. 生物数学学报, 2007, 22(1): 137-144.
[33] Daci Z G, Wang J L, Ciren Y J, et al . Canonical correlation analysis of agronomic characters of Brassica juncea in western China. Agricultural Science & Technology-Hunan, 2011, (11): 1600-1604, 1666.
[34] Lü Z W, Xu P, Zhang X X, et al . Primary study on anatomic and genetic characteristics of multi-loculus in Brassica juncea . Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences, 2012, 34(5): 461-466.
吕泽文, 徐平, 张向向, 等. 芥菜型油菜多室角果的解剖特征及遗传分析. 中国油料作物学报, 2012, 34(5): 461-466.
[35] Liu Y B, Wei W, Ma K P, et al . Backcrosses to Brassica napus of hybrids between B. juncea and B. napus as a source of herbicide-resistant volunteer-like feral populations. Plant Science, 2010, 179(5): 459-465.
[36] Song Z P, Lu B R, Zhu Y G, et al . Gene flow from cultivated rice to the wild species Oraza rufipogon under experimental field conditions. New Phytologist, 2003, 157: 657-665.
[37] Johnston J A, Arnold M L, Donovan L A. High hybrid fitness at seed and seedling life history stages in Louisiana irises . Journal of Ecology, 2003, 91(3): 438-446.
[38] Warwick S I, Beckie H J, Hall L M. Gene flow, invasiveness, and ecological impact of genetically modified crops. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2009, 1168(1): 72-99.
[39] Hauser T P, Shaw R G. Fitness of F 1 hybrids between weedy Brassica rapa and oilseed rape ( B. napus ). Heredity, 1998, 81(4): 429-435.
[40] Hauser T P, Jørgensen R B. Fitness of backcross and F 2 hybrids between weedy Brassica rapa and oilseed rape ( B. napus ). Heredity, 1998, 81(4): 436-443.
[41] Lu B R, Snow A A. Gene flow from genetically modified rice and its environmental consequences. BioScience, 2005, 55: 669-678.
[42] Snow A A, Andersen B, Jørgensen R B. Costs of transgenic herbicide resistance introgressed from Brassica napus into weedy B. rapa . Molecular Ecology, 1999, 8(4): 605-615.
[43] Mikkelsen T R, Jensen J, Jørgensen R B. Inheritance of oilseed rape ( Brassica napus ) RAPD makers in a backcross porgeny with Brassica campestris . Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 1996, 92: 492-497.
[44] Xue L, Fu J D. A review on factors affecting plant competition. Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology, 2012, 32(2): 6-15.
薛立, 傅静丹. 影响植物竞争的因子. 中南林业科技大学学报, 2012, 32(2): 6-15.
[45] Halfhill M D, Sutherland J P, Moon H S, et al . Growth, productivity, and competitiveness of introgressed weedy Brassica rapa hybrids selected for the presence of Bt cry1Ac and gfp transgenes. Molecular Ecology, 2005, 14(10): 3177-3189.
[46] Jiang J H, Zhou C F, An S Q, et al . Sediment type, population density and their combined effect greatly charge the short-time growth of two common submerged macrophytes. Ecological Engineering, 2008, 34(2): 79-90.
[47] Zhang L. Early Competition Dynamic Research In Pure And Mixed Communities of Festuca arundinacea Sherb., Lolium perenne L. and Poa prantensis L. Ya’an: Sichuan Agricultural University, 2007.
张岚. 高羊茅、黑麦草、早熟禾单种与混种的初期竞争动态研究. 雅安: 四川农业大学, 2007.
[48] Zhang H B, Xia H, Yang X, et al . Fitness effect on insect-resistant F 2 progeny of crop-weedy rice hybrids under different cultivation modes. Journal of Fudan University (Natural Science), 2013, (4): 419-427.
张宏彬, 夏辉, 杨箫, 等. 种植密度对抗虫转基因杂草稻分离后代适合度的影响. 复旦学报(自然科学版), 2013, (4): 419-427.
[49] Mao K, Zhou S R, Wang S M, et al . Study on the dynamics of biomass and interspecific competition of mixture communities of common vetch with Italian ryegrass. Acta Agrestia Sinca, 1997, 5(1): 8-10.
毛凯, 周寿荣, 王四敏, 等. 箭舌豌豆混播黑麦草生物量和种间竞争的研究. 草地学报, 1997, 5(1): 8-10.
[50] Shi P C, Shi G L, Chen Y N, et al . Influence of density rations in mixed planting on competitive indexes of triticale cultivar. Journal of Shihezi University (Natural Science), 2011, 29(3): 265-268.
石培春, 石国亮, 陈亚南, 等. 混种密度比例对小黑麦品种竞争系数的影响. 石河子大学学报(自然科学版), 2011, 29(3): 265-268.
[51] Johannessen M M, Andersen B A, Jørgensen R B. Competition affects gene flow from oilseed rape (♀) to Brassica rapa (♂). Heredity, 2006, 96(5): 360-367.
[52] Londo J P, Bautista N S, Sagers C L, et al . Glyphosate drift promotes changes in fitness and transgene gene flow in canola ( Brassica napus ) and hybrids. Annals of Botany, 2010, 106(6): 957-965.
[53] Londo J P, Bollman M A, Sagers C L, et al . Changes in fitness-associated traits due to the stacking of transgenic glyphosate resistance and insect resistance in Brassica napus L. Heredity, 2011, 107(4): 328-337.