六种粘液种子性状多样性及其对绵羊瘤胃消化的反应

doi:10.11686/cyxb2016185

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以条叶车前、伊犁绢蒿、涩芥、播娘蒿、异果芥和群心菜这6种粘液种子为研究材料,首先对其进行种子性状观测,然后将其置入永久性绵羊瘤胃瘘管内进行不同时间段的消化处理,并对处理前后的种子进行吸水率、粘沙率、粘液含量、萌发率等指标的测定,以期揭示这6种粘液种子对绵羊瘤胃消化的反应,并丰富有关植物种子消化道传播的内容。结果表明,这6种种子表层粘液物质都能被绵羊瘤胃液消化,且消化后的种子颜色变深。异果芥种子粘液构成其种翅附属结构,不同处理时间其宽度差异显著(P<0.05),长和高差异均不显著(P>0.05),而其他5种种子长、宽、高(厚)差异均不显著(P>0.05)。粘液量随消化时间的增加而减少,且二者之间符合形如y=-1.98+48.26e^-^x^/8.40(R²=0.95441, P=0<0.01)的指数函数关系,随粘液量的减少,种子吸水率和粘沙率也减少,且二者随消化时间的变化分别符合形如y=90.04+428.03e^-^x^/4.43(R²=0.75934, P=0<0.01)和y=-0.71+342.76e^-^x^/5.05(R²=0.81124, P=0<0.01)的指数函数关系。消化后的粘液种子萌发率显著降低(P<0.05),可萌发种子集中在0~12 h处理时间段内,但仍有部分种子经消化道作用后成功“逃逸”,这为草食动物对其进行消化道传播提供了可能。

Abstract: An experiment has been undertaken to compare the morphological characteristics of mucilaginous seeds from six plant species (Plantago lessingii, Seriphidium transiliense, Malcolmia africana, Descuminia sophia, Diptychocarpus strictus and Cardaria draba) and to study their digestion in the rumen of sheep. After determining their morphological characteristics, seeds were put into nylon bags which were then placed in the rumen of sheep through a fistula. The bags were removed at different times and then the mucilage percentage, water absorption rate and sand adherence rate of the seeds were determined. The results were compared with seeds that had not been digested. The results showed that mucilage on the seed surface of all six species was digested by the rumen fluid of sheep. The seeds became dark after digestion. The seed wings of D. strictus consisted primarily of mucilage. As a result, the width of D. strictus seeds changed significantly as digestion time increased (P<0.05). In contrast, the length and thickness of D. strictus seeds were not significantly affected by digestion time (P>0.05). Digestion time had no significant effects on the length, width and thickness of seeds of the other five plant species (P>0.05). The mucilage percentage, water absorption rate and sand adherence rate decreased as digestion time increased. The relationship between mucilage percentage and digestion time is expressed as the equation y=-1.98+48.26e^-^x^/8.40, where x is time in hours (R²=0.95441, P=0<0.01). The relationship between water absorption rate and digestion time is expressed by the equation y=90.04+428.03e^-^x^/4.43 (R²=0.75934, P=0<0.01). The relationship between sand adherence rate and digestion time is expressed as the equation y=-0.71+342.76e^-^x^/5.05 (R²=0.81124, P=0<0.01). Seed germination rates decreased significantly after digestion (P<0.05), with the largest decreases occurring when digestion time was >12 h. Although seed germinability decreased after passage through the rumen, the survival of some seeds indicates that grazing sheep are a possible pathway for seed dispersal.

王树林, 娜丽克斯·外里, 鲁为华, 王伟强, 汪传建. 六种粘液种子性状多样性及其对绵羊瘤胃消化的反应[J]. 草业学报, 2017, 26(4): 89-98.

WANG Shu-Lin, Narkes Wali, LU Wei-Hua, WANG Wei-Qiang, WANG Chuan-Jian. Morphological characteristics of six kinds of mucilaginous seeds and their response to digestion in the rumen of sheep[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2017, 26(4): 89-98.

参考文献

[1] Ma J L, Liu Z M. Myxospermy and its ecological function. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2006, 25(11): 1400-1404.
马君玲, 刘志民. 粘液繁殖体及其生态功能. 生态学杂志, 2006, 25(11): 1400-1404.
[2] Liu X F, Tan D Y. Ecological significance of seed mucilage in desert plants. Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 2007, 24(3): 414-424.
刘晓风, 谭敦炎. 荒漠植物种子粘液的生态学意义. 植物学报, 2007, 24(3): 414-424.
[3] Liu Z M, Yan Q L, Luo Y M, et al . Comparison of mucilage produced by achenes of 5 Artemisia species under different rainfall treatments. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2005, 25(6): 1497-1501.
刘志民, 阎巧玲, 骆永明, 等. 不同降水量处理时5种蒿属植物瘦果粘液溶出. 生态学报, 2005, 25(6): 1497-1501.
[4] Huang Z Y, Gutterman Y. Water absorption by mucilaginous achenes of artemisia monosperma: floating and germination as affected by salt concentrations. Israel Journal of Plant Sciences, 1999, 47(1): 27-34.
[5] Jordano P. Frugivores and seed dispersal: mechanisms and consequences for biodiversity of a key ecological interaction. Biology Letters, 2011, 7(3): 321-323.
[6] Oudtshoorn K V R V, Rooyen M W V. Dispersal Biology of Desert Plants[M]//Dispersal Biology of Desert Plants. Berlin Heidelberg: Springer, 1998.
[7] Lu W H, Wan J J, Yang J J. Morphological and physiological characteristics of Seriphidium transiliense seed and response of endozoochorous by sheep. Highlights of Science Paper Online, 2015, (8): 500-509.
鲁为华, 万娟娟, 杨洁晶. 伊犁绢蒿种子形态/生理学特征及其对绵羊消化道传播的响应. 中国科技论文在线精品论文, 2015, (8): 500-509.
[8] Han J G. Grassland Science[M]. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 2007.
韩建国. 草地学[M]. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2007.
[9] Yu L, Lu W H, Yan P, et al . Resources and assessment of natural grassland in Shaertao mountain, Zhaosu county in Xinjiang. Chinese Journal of Grassland, 2014, 36(6): 4-11.
于磊, 鲁为华, 阎平, 等. 新疆昭苏县境沙尔套山天然草地牧草资源与评价. 中国草地学报, 2014, 36(6): 4-11.
[10] Yang J J, Wan J J, Nalikesi, et al . Seed morphology and effect of sheep rumen digestion on germinability of 28 grass of Tianshan. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2015, 24(2): 104-115.
杨洁晶, 万娟娟, 娜丽克斯, 等. 28种植物种子形态学性状及其萌发对绵羊瘤胃消化的反应. 草业学报, 2015, 24(2): 104-115.
[11] Wu C X, Sun Y, Feng G. Water absorbance features of mucilage on the seeds of a desert ephemeral plant, Plantago minuta Pall, and its role in germination of the seeds under drought stress. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2009, 29(4): 1849-1858.
伍晨曦, 孙羽, 冯固. 小车前( Plantago minuta Pall)种子表面粘液物质的吸水特性及其对种子在干旱环境中萌发的影响. 生态学报, 2009, 29(4): 1849-1858.
[12] Deng W, Jeng D S, Toorop P E, et al . A mathematical model of mucilage expansion in myxospermous seeds of Capsella bursa-pastoris (shepherd’s purse). Annals of Botany, 2012, 109(2): 419-427.
[13] Liu Z M, Yan Q L, Luo Y M, et al . A comparative study on mucilaginous diaspores of four plant species. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2004, 15(10): 1869-1872.
刘志民, 阎巧玲, 骆永明, 等. 四种植物粘液种子粘液的比较研究. 应用生态学报, 2004, 15(10): 1869-1872.
[14] State Bureau of Technical Supervision. GB/T 3543. 4-1995, Rules for the Inspection of the National Standard of the People’s Republic of China Crop Seed Germination Test[S]. Beijing: China Standards Press, 1995.
国家技术监督局. GB/T 3543. 4-1995, 中华人民共和国国家标准农作物种子检验规程发芽试验[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 1995.
[15] Van R V O K, Van R M W. Dispersal Biology of Desert Plants[M]. Berlin Heidelberg: Springer, 1999.
[16] Abduwayit A, Tursunay Y, Halida Z, et al . Studies on relationship between the natural seed coat and moisture of Seriphidium transiliense . Arid Zone Research, 2000, 17(4): 53-56.
阿衣古力·阿不都瓦依提, 吐尔逊娜依, 哈丽旦, 等. 伊犁绢蒿种子天然种衣与水分关系初步研究. 干旱区研究, 2000, 17(4): 53-56.
[17] Sun Y. Eco-Adaptability of Mucilaginous Seeds Germination in Ephemeral Alyssum minus [D]. Urumchi: Xinjiang Agricultural University, 2012.
孙颖. 短命植物新疆庭荠粘液种子的萌发生态适应性[D]. 乌鲁木齐: 新疆农业大学, 2012.
[18] Huang Z Y, Gutterman Y, Hu Z H, et al . Seed germ in Artemisia sphaerocephala I. the structure and function of the mucilaginous achene. Acta Phytoecologica Sinica, 2001, 25(1): 22-28.
黄振英, Gutterman Y, 胡正海, 等. 白沙蒿种子萌发特性的研究 I. 粘液瘦果的结构和功能. 植物生态学报, 2001, 25(1): 22-28.
[19] Witztum A, Evenari M. Integumentary mucilage as an oxygen barrier during germination of Blepharis persica (Burm.) Kuntze. Botanical Gazette, 1969, 130(4): 238-241.
[20] Osborne D J. A. Fahn plant anatomy 4th Edn. 1990 pergamon press chichester 588 hardback ￡57. 50, US $99. 00; paperback ￡24. 95, US ￡49. 95. Endeavour, 1991, 15(2): 98.
[21] Liu Z M, Yan Q L, Luo Y M, et al . Screening on myxospermy of 124 species occurring on the sandy habitats of western Horqin Steppe. Journal of Desert Research, 2005, 25(5): 716-721.
刘志民, 闫巧玲, 骆永明, 等. 科尔沁沙地124种天然植物粘液种子的甄别. 中国沙漠, 2005, 25(5): 716-721.
[22] Janzen D H. Dispersal of small seed by big herbivores: foliage is the fruit. American Naturalist, 1984, 123(3): 338-353.
[23] Lu W H, Wan J J, Yang J J, et al . Review of endozoochory of plant seeds by herbivores. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2013, 22(3): 306-313.
鲁为华, 万娟娟, 杨洁晶, 等. 草食动物对植物种子的消化道传播研究进展. 草业学报, 2013, 22(3): 306-313.
[24] Blackshaw R E, Rode L M. Effect of ensiling and rumen digestion by cattle on weed seed viability. Weed Science, 1991, 39(1): 104-108.
[25] Gardener C J, Mcivor J G, Jansen A. Survival of seeds of tropical grassland species subjected to bovine digestion. Journal of Applied Ecology, 1993, 30(1): 75-85.
[26] Doucette K M, Mccaughey W P. Seed recovery and germination of reseeded species fed to cattle. Journal of Range Management, 2001, 54(5): 575-581.
[27] Cosyns E, Delporte A, Lens L, et al . Germination success of temperate grassland species after passage through ungulate and rabbit guts. Journal of Ecology, 2005, 93(2): 353-361.
[28] Claudia M. Endozoochory by native and exotic herbivores in dry areas: consequences for germination and survival of Prosopis seeds. Seed Science Research, 2008, 18(2): 91-100.
[29] Whitacre M K, Call C A. Recovery and germinability of native seed fed to cattle. Western North American Naturalist, 2006, 66(1): 121-128.
[30] Wang Y, Hou Y, Li X Y, et al . A study on the relationship between the pod, seed development and the occurrence of seed hardiness of Melissttus ruthenicus . Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2012, 21(3): 303-307.
王颖, 侯宇, 李晓宇, 等. 扁蓿豆荚果和种子发育及硬实发生的关系. 草业学报, 2012, 21(3): 303-307.
[31] Isselin-Nondedeu F, Bédécarrats A. Soil microtopographies shaped by plants and cattle facilitate seed bank formation on alpine ski trails. Ecological Engineering, 2007, 30(30): 278-285.
[32] Huang Z Y, Gutterman Y. Germination of Artemisia sphaerocephala (Asteraceae), occurring in the sandy desert areas of Northwest China. South African Journal of Botany, 1999, 65(3): 187-196.
[33] Song M F, Liu H L, Zhang D Y, et al . Screening and comparison on myxospermy of 120 species occurring on the Junggar Desert. Journal of Desert Research, 2009, 29(6): 1134-1140.
宋明方, 刘会良, 张道远, 等. 准噶尔荒漠120种植物粘液种子的甄别与比较. 中国沙漠, 2009, 29(6): 1134-1140.
[34] Li N, Zhong M, Leng X, et al . Seed dispersal effectiveness of plant by frugivores: A review. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2015, (7): 2041-2047.
李宁, 钟明, 冷欣, 等. 食果动物传播植物种子的有效性. 生态学杂志, 2015, (7): 2041-2047.
[35] Warner A C I. Rate of passage of digesta through the gut of mammals and birds. Nutrition Abstract and Review, 1981, 51: 789-820.
[36] Janzen D H. Herbivores and the number of tree species in tropical forests. American Naturalist, 1970, 104: 501-528.
[37] Connell J H. On the role of natural enemies in preventing competitive exclusion in some marine animals and in forest trees. Center Publishing & Documentation Wageningen, 1970, 298: 298-312.
[38] Martínez I, García D, Obeso J R. Differential seed dispersal patterns generated by a common assemblage of vertebrate frugivores in three fleshy-fruited trees. Ecoscience, 2008, 15(2): 189-199.