二倍体菘蓝开花习性及传粉特性研究

doi:10.11686/cyxb2019022

草业学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (6): 157-166.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2019022

二倍体菘蓝开花习性及传粉特性研究

张金霞¹, 陈垣^1,2,*, 郭凤霞^1,*, 王引权³, 周盛茂⁴, 肖生伟⁵

1.甘肃农业大学农学院,生命科学技术学院,甘肃省中药材规范化生产技术创新重点实验室,甘肃省药用植物栽培育种工程研究中心,甘肃兰州 730070;
2.甘肃省特色药材规范化可追溯栽培工程技术研究中心,甘肃省特色药用植物资源保护与利用工程实验室,甘肃天士力中天药业有限责任公司,甘肃定西 748100;
3.甘肃中医药大学,甘肃兰州 730000;
4.石家庄以岭药业股份有限公司,河北石家庄 050000;
5.江苏龙凤堂中药有限公司,江苏泰州 225327

收稿日期:2019-01-04 修回日期:2019-03-14 出版日期:2019-06-20 发布日期:2019-06-20
通讯作者: * E-mail: chenyuan@gsau.edu.cn; guofx@gsau.edu.cn
作者简介:张金霞(1992-), 女,甘肃陇西人,在读硕士。E-mail: 1793545841@qq.com
基金资助:
甘肃省大学生创新训练项目(201610733024),甘肃省高校协同创新团队支撑计划(2016C-05),国家中医药管理局当归等4种中药饮片标准化项目(ZYBZH-Y-GS-11),甘肃省现代农业中药材产业体系首席专家(GARS-ZYC-1),连花清瘟胶囊FDA注册原料药材板蓝根标准化基地(YLQT201605010)和本科生科研训练等项目资助

Studies of the flowering habits and pollination for diploid Isatis indigotica

ZHANG Jin-xia¹, CHEN Yuan^1,2,*, GUO Feng-xia^1,*, WANG Yin-quan³, ZHOU Sheng-mao⁴, XIAO Sheng-wei⁵

1.College of Agronomy, College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Good Agricultural Production for Traditional Chinese Medicines, Gansu Provincial Engineering Research Centre for Medical Plant Cultivation and Breeding, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
2.Gansu Engineering Lab of Resource Reservation and Utilization for Characteristic Medical Plants, Gansu Cultivated Engineering and Technology Research Center of Standardization and Traceability for Characteristic Chinese Medicine, Gansu Tasly Zhongtian Pharmaceutical, Dingxi 748100, China;
3.Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China;
4. Shijiazhuang Yiling Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Shijiazhuang 050000, China;
5.Jiangsu Longfengtang Pharmaceutical, Taizhou 225327, China

Received:2019-01-04 Revised:2019-03-14 Online:2019-06-20 Published:2019-06-20
Contact: * E-mail: chenyuan@gsau.edu.cn; guofx@gsau.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 菘蓝是药材板蓝根和大青叶的基原植物,依赖种子繁殖。通过田间观测和人工授粉实验,对民乐县栽培菘蓝开花时序和传粉生物学系统进行研究,旨在为其种子繁育和杂种优势利用提供科学和技术依据。研究表明,菘蓝为无限花序,单株表现异向开花习性,花序从植株顶部向下,单花从花序基部向上依次开放。花两性,雄蕊6,4枚长,2枚短,花萼和花瓣均为4,花萼绿色,花瓣黄色,子房上位,1室。单花寿命6~7 d,异常气候可缩短至3~4 d,群体开花期30 d左右。即将开放的花蕾柱头已成熟,花瓣刚露出花萼后开花当天,花粉鲜黄而散,末花期子房膨大,花粉干枯。短角果结种子0~2粒。自然结籽率95.0%,不去雄和去雄套纸袋均不结实,同株异花去雄授粉结籽率仅4.0%,去雄套纸袋异株异花授粉结籽率72.0%,去雄不套袋结籽率53.3%,自交不亲和指数为0.96~1.00。不去雄套网袋结籽率5.0%,去雄后提高至13.7%,访花者主要有食蚜蝇、黑蜂等。说明菘蓝具有较强的自交不亲和性,不存在无融合生殖现象,属典型的异花授粉类型,需传粉者,传粉媒介以虫媒为主,风媒为辅。

关键词: 菘蓝, 二倍体, 开花习性, 传粉特性, 自交不亲和性

Abstract: Isatis indigotica is the primary ingredient of traditional Chinese drugs ‘Banlangen’ and ‘Daqingye’, and its cultivation relies on seed propagation. This research examined the flowering habit and pollination biology of I. indigotica cultivated in Minle county. The work included field observation and an artificial pollination experiment, in order to provide scientific and technical information to support seed production and heterosis utilization in this crop. It was found that the plant had an infinite inflorescence consisting of an upright main stem bearing raceme-like branches with new branches above as older matured branches below and 10-20 individual flowers per branch opening in an acropetal sequence over a flowering period of some 30 days. Flowers are bisexual with 6 stamens, four of which are long and two of which are short. There are 4 green calyces, 4 yellow petals with ovary superior, and 1 locule. The flower lifespan was 6-7 days but was shortened to 3-4 days under adverse climate conditions. The stigma matures just prior to the flowers opening. When the petals are just emerging from the calyx tube, bright fresh yellow pollen grains become visible and are dispersed by the flowering day. Anthers then begin to wither, and the ovary expands at the end of the flowering stage, growing a short pod with 0-2 seeds. Seed set was 95.0% for plants under natural conditions. Under covered conditions with paper bags, seed set was very low (approximately 4%) both with and without castration, but was 72.0% when plants were cross-pollinated after castration. When plants were cross-pollinated after castration, but the inflorescence was unbagged, seed set was 53.3%. The self-incompatibility index was assessed as 0.96-1.00. For bagged racemes, seed set was 5.0% without castration and increased to 13.7% after castration. The most common flower pollinator visitors were Episyrphus balteatus and Apis mellifer but various other insect species also visited. These results indicate that I. indigotica has strong self-incompatibility without apomixis, and can be considered a typical cross-pollinating plants needing pollinators, pollinated mainly by insects but supplemented by wind.

Key words: Isatis indigotica, diploid, floral habit, pollination, self-incompatibility

张金霞, 陈垣, 郭凤霞, 王引权, 周盛茂, 肖生伟. 二倍体菘蓝开花习性及传粉特性研究[J]. 草业学报, 2019, 28(6): 157-166.

ZHANG Jin-xia, CHEN Yuan, GUO Feng-xia, WANG Yin-quan, ZHOU Sheng-mao, XIAO Sheng-wei. Studies of the flowering habits and pollination for diploid Isatis indigotica[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2019, 28(6): 157-166.

参考文献

[1] Chen S D.Genetic diversity and quality evaluation of Isatis indigotica. Nanjing: Nanjing Agricultural University, 2014.
陈苏丹. 菘蓝遗传多样性及其药材品质评价研究. 南京: 南京农业大学, 2014.
[2] Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission.The Chinese pharmacopoeia (a). China Medical Science Press,2015: 21-22, 205-206.
国家药典委员会. 中国药典(一部). 中国医药科技出版社, 2015: 21-22, 205-206.
[3] Cheng W L, Fuu J T, Tsa C H, et al. Anti-SARS coronavirus 3C-like protease effects of Isatis indigotica root and plant-derived phenolic compounds. Antiviral Research, 2005, 68(1): 36-42.
[4] Yang C W.Advances in pharmacological research of Radix Isatidis. Chinese Journal of Modern Drug Application, 2016, 10(9): 282-283.
杨春望. 板蓝根药理研究进展. 中国现代药物应用, 2016, 10(9): 282-283.
[5] Ye Q.Study on biological characteristics of Isatis indigotica. Yangling: Northwest A & F University, 2006.
叶青. 菘蓝生物学特性的研究. 杨凌: 西北农林科技大学, 2006.
[6] Gao Y H.Systematical research on self-incompatibility of Isatis indigotica. Changchun: Jilin Agricultural University, 2008.
高延辉. 菘蓝自交不亲和特性的系统研究. 长春: 吉林农业大学, 2008.
[7] Cao H L, Cao G F, Wei J H, et al. Effects of genetical and environmental factors on medicinal plant quality. Chinese Traditional & Herbal Drugs, 2007, 38(5): 785-788.
曹海禄, 曹国番, 魏建和, 等. 遗传和环境因子对药用植物品质的影响. 中草药, 2007, 38(5): 785-788.
[8] Zhang D Y.The life history evolution and reproductive ecology of plant. Beijing: Science Press, 2004: 97-279.
张大勇. 植物生活史进化与繁殖生态学. 北京: 科学出版社, 2004: 97-279.
[9] Wang E J, Chen Y, Han D H, et al. Correlation and path analysis of the yield folium isatidis and radix isatidis yield per plant and main agronomic traits in Isatis indigotica. Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, 2018, 32(2): 399-406.
王恩军, 陈垣, 韩多红, 等. 菘蓝农艺性状与药材产量的相关和通径分析. 核农学报, 2018, 32(2): 399-406.
[10] Dafni A, Maués M M.A rapid and simple procedure to determine stigma receptivity. Sexual Plant Reproduction, 1998, 11: 177-180.
[11] Kunin W E, Shmida A.Plant reproductive traits as a function of local regional and global abundance. Conservation Biology, 1997, 11: 183-192.
[12] Vogler D W, Kalisz S.Sex among the flowers: The distribution of plant mating systems. Evolution, 2001, 55(1): 202-204.
[13] Ren M X.Floral syndrome and breeding system of Lobelia chinensis, a perennial herbs with stamen fusion. Journal of Plant Ecology, 2009, 33(2): 361-368.
任明迅. 雄蕊合生植物半边莲的花部综合征与繁育系统. 植物生态学报, 2009, 33(2): 361-368.
[14] He Y P, Liu J Q.A review on recent advances in the studies of plant breeding system. Acta Phytoecologica Sinica, 2003, (2): 151-163.
何亚平, 刘建全. 植物繁育系统研究的最新进展和评述. 植物生态学报, 2003, (2): 151-163.
[15] Chen Y, Xu B Q, Guo F X, et al. Studies of the floral organ characteristic and sexual breeding system for Fritillaria unibracteata. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2017, 26(1): 90-98.
陈垣, 徐博琼, 郭凤霞, 等. 暗紫贝母花器官特征及有性繁育系统研究. 草业学报, 2017, 26(1): 90-98.
[16] Guo F X, Chen Y, Zhang J F, et al. Abloom phenology and pollination mode of endangered plant Fritillaria unibracteata. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2017, 25(6): 1324-1332.
郭凤霞, 陈垣, 张荩凤, 等. 濒危植物暗紫贝母的开花物候和传粉方式. 草地学报, 2017, 25(6): 1324-1332.
[17] Gao Y H, Ren Y Y, Sun H M, et al. Identification of self-incompatibility of Isatis indigotica. Forest By-Product and Speciality in China, 2007, (6): 11-15.
高延辉, 任跃英, 孙红梅, 等. 菘蓝自交不亲和性鉴定. 中国林副特产, 2007, (6): 11-15.
[18] Gao Y H, Gao B, Wang Y H, et al. Screening of the chemicals to resolve the problem of self pollination failure of Isatis indigotica. Forest By-Product and Speciality in China, 2008, (1): 12-15.
高延辉, 高博, 王云贺, 等. 克服菘蓝自交不亲和性的化学试剂筛选研究. 中国林副特产, 2008, (1): 12-15.
[19] Wang E J, Han D H, Zhang Y, et al. Effect of harvested periods on the yield and quality dynamic for the Isatis indigotica root in Hexi Corridor. Journal of Chinese Medicinal Materials, 2016, 39(12): 2686-2690.
王恩军, 韩多红, 张勇, 等. 采收期对河西走廊产板蓝根产量和品质的影响. 中药材, 2016, 39(12): 2686-2690.
[20] Hou G P, Zhen D S, Jiang Q L, et al. Discussion on environment of traditional Chinese medicine producing area in Minle county. Modern Agricultural Sciences and Technology, 2017, (6): 114-115.
侯格平, 甄东升, 姜青龙, 等. 民乐县中药材产地环境探讨. 现代农业科技, 2017, (6): 114-115.
[21] Wang E J, Chen Y, Han D H, et al. Effect of cropping pattern on agronomic characteristics, yield and quality of Radix isatidis. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2017, 25(11): 1661-1670.
王恩军, 陈垣, 韩多红, 等. 栽培方式对菘蓝农艺性状及产量和品质的影响. 中国生态农业学报, 2017, 25(11): 1661-1670.
[22] Wang X J, Zhu L Q.Method for determining self-incompatibility of Brassica oleracea L. Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology, 1998, 6(2): 195-198.
王晓佳, 朱利泉. 甘蓝自交不亲和性的测定方法. 农业生物技术学报, 1998, 6(2): 195-198.
[23] Zhou Y L.Plant biology. Beijing: Higher Education Press, 2000: 241-243.
周云龙. 植物生物学. 北京: 高等教育出版社, 2000: 241-243.
[24] Dafni A.Pollination ecology. New York: Oxford University Press, 1992: 25-45.
[25] Wang Y H, Guo F X, Chen Y, et al. Studies on blossoming habit and seed filling characteristics of wild Aconitum sinomontanum. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2013, 22(4): 76-82.
王永辉, 郭凤霞, 陈垣, 等. 野生高乌头开花习性及种子灌浆特性研究. 草业学报, 2013, 22(4): 76-82.
[26] Shoichi K, Masuda J, Hayashi K.Life-history monographs of Japanese plants. 10: Fritillaria koidzumiana, Ohwi (Liliaceae). Plant Species Biology, 2008, 23(1): 51-57.
[27] Ren Y Y.Breeding of medicinal plants. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 2011: 17-18.
任跃英. 药用植物育种学. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2011: 17-18.
[28] Hu C, Liu Z J, Wu G Q, et al. Floral characteristic and breeding system of Anemone obtusiloba. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2013, 21(4): 783-788.
胡春, 刘左军, 伍国强, 等. 钝裂银莲花花部综合特征及其繁育系统. 草地学报, 2013, 21(4): 783-788.

二倍体菘蓝开花习性及传粉特性研究

Studies of the flowering habits and pollination for diploid Isatis indigotica

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 5

编辑推荐

Metrics

[1]	钱晨, 刘智微, 钟小仙, 吴娟子, 张建丽, 潘玉梅. 海滨雀稗自交结实突变体及野生型幼穗组织的转录组分析[J]. 草业学报, 2019, 28(5): 132-142.
[2]	缪雨静, 关佳莉, 曹艺雯, 沙俊涛, 唐晓清, 耿丽, 王磊. 硫素形态对苗期菘蓝生长生理特性及次生代谢的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2019, 28(3): 101-110.
[3]	王雨, 周睿颖, 马立敏, 白钰, 关佳莉, 唐晓清. 5个产地菘蓝种子萌发及幼苗生长对盐胁迫的响应[J]. 草业学报, 2018, 27(7): 145-154.
[4]	米永伟, 王国祥, 龚成文, 蔡子平, 武伟国. 盐胁迫对菘蓝幼苗生长和抗性生理的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2018, 27(6): 43-51.
[5]	钟小仙,刘智微,常盼盼,吴娟子,张建丽. 秋水仙素诱导获得自交结实的海滨雀稗体细胞突变体[J]. 草业学报, 2013, 22(6): 205-212.