三江源地区人工克隆植物群落生物多样性对初级生产力的影响及机制

doi:10.11686/cyxb2022446

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

克隆植物具有独特的竞争和繁殖方式，这可能会使其构建的群落呈现不一样的生物多样性-生态系统功能关系，但是本议题却极少被研究。本研究利用垂穗披碱草、花苜蓿和鹅绒委陵菜构建了一个生物多样性试验，并将单播和混播重复3次，且将垂穗披碱草作为所有混播的固定物种，以此跨越两个生长季测试生物多样性对生产力的影响。本研究发现，物种丰富度和地上生物量之间并没有线性正相关关系，但是大多数混播的净多样性效应（NE）都是显著的，且NE主要来源于非特征依赖性互补效应（TICE）。较强的TICE主要来自地上垂直空间的互补性利用；其次来自底层物种鹅绒委陵菜光吸收能力的增强。沿着时间和物种丰富度梯度，垂穗披碱草的优势度增强，鹅绒委陵菜的优势度下降，致使特征依赖型互补效应（TDCE）和优势度效应（DE）随之增强，但是它们对NE的贡献有限。另外，以上3种效应均随时间增强。总之，本研究的结果表明克隆植物群落表现出了不一样的多样性-生产力关系模式，并且这种多样性效应主要来自地上垂直空间的互补性利用。

关键词: 植物多样性-生产力关系, 克隆植物, 净多样性效应, 非特征依赖性互补效应, 植物性状

Abstract:

Clonal plants have unique ways to compete and reproduce， and their unique traits may lead to a particular biodiversity-productivity relationship in communities they form. However， this issue has rarely been studied. In this research， a biodiversity experiment was set up using three clonal species （Elymus nutans， Medicago ruthenica and Potentilla anserine） in monocultures and mixtures. There were three replicates， E. nutans was used as the fixed species in all mixtures and the effects of biodiversity on productivity were assessed over two years. We found that the net biodiversity effects （NE） were significant in nearly all mixtures in our experiment， attributable to strong trait-independent complementary effects （TICE）， although there was no positive linear relationship between species richness and aboveground biomass. The strong TICE was predominantly caused by the complementary utilization of aboveground vertical space， while a secondary cause was the enhancement of light absorption capacity of the understorey species P. anserine. Meanwhile， the dominance of E. nutans increased over time and with increasing species richness， whereas P. anserine displayed the opposite tendencies， resulting in an increase in trait-dependent complementary effect （TDCE） and dominance effect （DE） for communities where P. anserine was present. However， the contributions of those two mechanisms to NE were limited. Furthermore， all those effects increased with time. The results of this study indicate that clonal species display a different biodiversity-productivity relationship from the normally positive linear pattern， due to the complementary use of aboveground vertical space.

Key words: the biodiversity-productivity relationship, clonal plants, net biodiversity effects, trait-independent complementary effect, plant traits

刘增辉, 卢素锦, 王雨欣, 张春辉, 尹鑫. 三江源地区人工克隆植物群落生物多样性对初级生产力的影响及机制[J]. 草业学报, 2023, 32(9): 27-38.

Zeng-hui LIU, Su-jin LU, Yu-xin WANG, Chun-hui ZHANG, Xin YIN. Effects of biodiversity on primary productivity and its mechanism in artificially sown clonal plant communities of the Sanjiangyuan region[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2023, 32(9): 27-38.

图/表 6

图1 物种丰富度和物种组成对克隆植物群落生物量的影响不同小写字母表示试验第一年不同物种丰富度或物种组成间差异显著，不同大写字母表示试验第二年不同物种丰富度或物种组成间差异显著。星号表示不同年份间同一物种丰富度或物种组成间差异显著（*： P<0.05； ***： P<0.001）。以上标注均由相应的数据进行单因素方差分析及多重比较得到。Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different species richness or species composition in first year of the experiment， different capital letters indicate significant differences among different species richness or species composition in second year of the experiment. Asterisk indicates significant differences with the same species richness or species composition between years （*： P<0.05； ***： P<0.001）. All the above annotations are obtained by one-way ANOVA and multiple comparisons of the corresponding data. Pa：鹅绒委陵菜P. anserine； Mr：花苜蓿M. ruthenica； En：垂穗披碱草E. nutans. 下同The same below.

Fig.1 The effects of species composition and species richness on aboveground biomass in clonal plant community

表1 物种丰富度和年份对NE、TICE、TDCE、DE的影响

Table 1 The effects of species richness and year on NE， TICE， TDCE and DE

处理 Treatment	df	NE		TICE		TDCE		DE
处理 Treatment	df	F	P	F	P	F	P	F	P
物种丰富度Species richness	1，14	2.058	0.1734	0.215	0.6497	1.583	0.22890	0.018	0.8945
年份Year	1，14	51.592	<0.0010	8.521	0.0112	14.385	0.00198	8.652	0.0107
丰富度×年份Species richness×year	1，14	6.057	0.0274	0.822	0.3798	1.934	0.18607	1.575	0.2300

表2 物种组成和年份对NE、TICE、TDCE、DE的影响

Table 2 The effects of species composition and year on NE， TICE， TDCE and DE

处理 Treatment	df	NE		TICE		TDCE		DE
处理 Treatment	df	F	P	F	P	F	P	F	P
物种组成Species composition	1，14	1.867	0.197	0.416	0.6688	0.789	0.476	0.075	0.9286
年份Year	1，14	50.607	<0.001	7.700	0.0168	12.602	0.004	7.602	0.0174
物种组成×年份Species composition×year	1，14	2.980	0.089	0.378	0.6929	0.883	0.439	0.776	0.4819

图2 物种丰富度或物种组成在不同年份内分别对净多样性效应、非特征依赖性互补效应、特征依赖型互补效应和优势度效应的影响星号表示几种效应与0有显著差异（*： P<0.05； **： P<0.01； ***： P<0.001）。 Asterisk indicates significant differences between different effects and 0 （*： P<0.05； **： P<0.01； ***： P<0.001）.

Fig.2 The effects of species richness or species composition on net biodiversity effects （NE）， trait-independent complementary effects （TICE）， trait-dependent complementary effects （TDCE） and dominance effects （DE） in different years

图3 混播群落中各物种地上生物量的自然对数响应比（LNRR）在不同年份的表现星号表示LNRR显著大于或小于0（*： P<0.05）。Asterisk indicates LNRR is significant greater or less than 0 （*： P<0.05）.

Fig.3 The values of natural logarithm response ratio （LNRR） of aboveground biomass about different species in all mixture of different years

图4 不同播种方式（单播和混播）对植物性状的影响星号表示不同植物性状在播种方式间的差异显著（*： P<0.05； ***： P<0.001）。Asterisk indicates difference of plant traits are significant under different sowing mode （*： P<0.05； ***： P<0.001）.

Fig.4 The effects of same plant species under different sowing mode （single and mixed sowing） on plant traits

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