草业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (1): 1-16.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2024078
• 研究论文 •
侯晓磊1(), 武春丽1, 邓雅元1, 麻文章1, 赵廷宁1(), 曾文杰1, 巩子涵1, 芦治源1, 吴国伟2
收稿日期:
2024-03-16
修回日期:
2024-05-08
出版日期:
2025-01-20
发布日期:
2024-11-04
通讯作者:
赵廷宁
作者简介:
E-mail: zhtning@bjfu.edu.cn基金资助:
Xiao-lei HOU1(), Chun-li WU1, Ya-yuan DENG1, Wen-zhang MA1, Ting-ning ZHAO1(), Wen-jie ZENG1, Zi-han GONG1, Zhi-yuan LU1, Guo-wei WU2
Received:
2024-03-16
Revised:
2024-05-08
Online:
2025-01-20
Published:
2024-11-04
Contact:
Ting-ning ZHAO
摘要:
为建立稳定的煤矸石山人工植被生态系统,以宁东煤炭基地排矸场生态恢复初期人工植物群落为研究对象,基于样方法调查地上植被,并计算灌草植物种重要值,采用生态位宽度、生态位相似性、生态位重叠值、方差比率、卡方检验、Spearman相关性检验方法对矿区植物群落优势种进行种间联结与相关性分析。结果表明:研究区灌草植物44种,隶属于9科36属,以禾本科、豆科、菊科、苋科为主。灌木植物生态位宽度与重要值排序不完全一致,但总体趋势一致,以猫头刺和柠条锦鸡儿为优势种;草本植物生态位宽度与重要值排序一致,以雾冰藜和紫花苜蓿为优势种。灌木层与草本层植物总体联结性的方差比率值均大于1,其中灌木层植物种间呈显著正联结,草本层种间联结性不显著。综上,生态恢复区植物群落处于演替前期或中期阶段,种间竞争平缓,宁东煤炭基地植被配置应选择与优势植物种呈正联结的植物,形成稳定的植物群落结构,提高矿区生态恢复效率。
侯晓磊, 武春丽, 邓雅元, 麻文章, 赵廷宁, 曾文杰, 巩子涵, 芦治源, 吴国伟. 宁东煤炭基地排矸场人工植物群落优势种生态位和种间关系研究[J]. 草业学报, 2025, 34(1): 1-16.
Xiao-lei HOU, Chun-li WU, Ya-yuan DENG, Wen-zhang MA, Ting-ning ZHAO, Wen-jie ZENG, Zi-han GONG, Zhi-yuan LU, Guo-wei WU. Niche and interspecific association of dominant plant species in artificial plant communities, the coal gangue dump of the Ningdong coal base, Middle East Ningxia[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2025, 34(1): 1-16.
图1 研究区概况基于自然资源部标准地图服务网站GS(2019)3333号标准地图制作,底图边界无修改。Based on the standard map service website of the Ministry of Natural Resources with the drawing review No. GS(2019)3333, the boundary of the base map is not modified.
Fig.1 The overview of the study area
矿区 Mining area | 纬度 Latitude (N) | 经度 Longitude (E) | 平均海拔 Average altitude (m) | 恢复年限 Restoration period (a) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ⅰ | 38°02′23″ | 106°41′24″ | 1276 | 4 |
Ⅱ | 38°02′37″ | 106°37′34″ | 1292 | 4 |
Ⅲ | 37°57′47″ | 106°43′03″ | 1329 | 2 |
Ⅳ | 37°49′47″ | 106°43′16″ | 1376 | 3 |
Ⅴ | 37°55′43″ | 106°31′28″ | 1339 | 2 |
Ⅵ | 37°59′31″ | 106°35′10″ | 1331 | 4 |
表1 调查煤矸石山的基本情况
Table 1 Basic information of the investigated coal gangue hills
矿区 Mining area | 纬度 Latitude (N) | 经度 Longitude (E) | 平均海拔 Average altitude (m) | 恢复年限 Restoration period (a) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ⅰ | 38°02′23″ | 106°41′24″ | 1276 | 4 |
Ⅱ | 38°02′37″ | 106°37′34″ | 1292 | 4 |
Ⅲ | 37°57′47″ | 106°43′03″ | 1329 | 2 |
Ⅳ | 37°49′47″ | 106°43′16″ | 1376 | 3 |
Ⅴ | 37°55′43″ | 106°31′28″ | 1339 | 2 |
Ⅵ | 37°59′31″ | 106°35′10″ | 1331 | 4 |
序号 Number | 科 Family | 植物物种数Number of plant species | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
灌木 Bush | 草本Herb | |||||
一年生Annual | 一年生及二年生Annual and biennial | 多年生Perennial | 藤本Vine | |||
1 | 豆科Fabaceae | 4 | - | 1 | 5 | - |
2 | 禾本科Poaceae | - | 4 | - | 6 | - |
3 | 菊科Asteraceae | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 | - |
4 | 苋科Amaranthaceae | 1 | 7 | - | - | - |
5 | 柽柳科Tamaricaceae | 2 | - | - | - | - |
6 | 夹竹桃科Apocynaceae | 1 | - | - | - | 1 |
7 | 白刺科Nitrariaceae | - | - | - | 1 | - |
8 | 葫芦科Cucurbitaceae | - | - | - | - | 1 |
9 | 紫葳科Bignoniaceae | - | - | - | 1 | - |
表2 植物群落组成
Table 2 Plant community composition
序号 Number | 科 Family | 植物物种数Number of plant species | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
灌木 Bush | 草本Herb | |||||
一年生Annual | 一年生及二年生Annual and biennial | 多年生Perennial | 藤本Vine | |||
1 | 豆科Fabaceae | 4 | - | 1 | 5 | - |
2 | 禾本科Poaceae | - | 4 | - | 6 | - |
3 | 菊科Asteraceae | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 | - |
4 | 苋科Amaranthaceae | 1 | 7 | - | - | - |
5 | 柽柳科Tamaricaceae | 2 | - | - | - | - |
6 | 夹竹桃科Apocynaceae | 1 | - | - | - | 1 |
7 | 白刺科Nitrariaceae | - | - | - | 1 | - |
8 | 葫芦科Cucurbitaceae | - | - | - | - | 1 |
9 | 紫葳科Bignoniaceae | - | - | - | 1 | - |
编号 Number | 物种缩写 Species abbreviation | 物种 Species name | 重要值 Importance value (%) | 生态位宽度Niche breadth | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Levins | Shannon | ||||
1 | OA | 猫头刺O. aciphylla | 25.5 | 8.47 | 2.32 |
2 | RS | 红砂R. songarica | 0.9 | 1.30 | 0.39 |
3 | AO | 黑沙蒿A. ordosica | 6.6 | 2.70 | 1.15 |
4 | CK | 柠条锦鸡儿C. korshinskii | 22.9 | 5.79 | 1.83 |
5 | TG | 红花多枝柽柳T. gallica | 5.9 | 1.98 | 0.80 |
6 | HA | 梭梭Haloxylon ammodendron | 1.6 | 1.77 | 0.63 |
7 | AV | 罗布麻A. venetum | 0.3 | 1.31 | 0.40 |
8 | CF | 羊柴C. fruticosum | 6.8 | 1.43 | 0.48 |
表3 灌木层优势植物重要值与生态位宽度
Table 3 The important value and niche breadth of shrub dominant plants
编号 Number | 物种缩写 Species abbreviation | 物种 Species name | 重要值 Importance value (%) | 生态位宽度Niche breadth | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Levins | Shannon | ||||
1 | OA | 猫头刺O. aciphylla | 25.5 | 8.47 | 2.32 |
2 | RS | 红砂R. songarica | 0.9 | 1.30 | 0.39 |
3 | AO | 黑沙蒿A. ordosica | 6.6 | 2.70 | 1.15 |
4 | CK | 柠条锦鸡儿C. korshinskii | 22.9 | 5.79 | 1.83 |
5 | TG | 红花多枝柽柳T. gallica | 5.9 | 1.98 | 0.80 |
6 | HA | 梭梭Haloxylon ammodendron | 1.6 | 1.77 | 0.63 |
7 | AV | 罗布麻A. venetum | 0.3 | 1.31 | 0.40 |
8 | CF | 羊柴C. fruticosum | 6.8 | 1.43 | 0.48 |
编号 Number | 物种缩写 Species abbreviation | 物种 Species name | 重要值 Importance value (%) | 生态位宽度Niche breadth | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Levins | Shannon | ||||
1 | PM | 稷P. miliaceum | 4.0 | 1.99 | 0.75 |
2 | CAL | 藜C. album | 3.6 | 5.42 | 1.98 |
3 | GD | 雾冰藜G. dasyphylla | 18.7 | 10.84 | 2.48 |
4 | IS | 蓼子朴Inula salsoloides | 3.5 | 5.75 | 1.87 |
5 | SC | 猪毛菜S. collina | 1.3 | 2.76 | 1.05 |
6 | MS | 紫花苜蓿M. sativa | 18.4 | 8.88 | 2.35 |
7 | CV | 虎尾草C. virgata | 4.5 | 4.26 | 1.64 |
8 | CE | 拂子茅C. epigeios | 7.6 | 3.65 | 1.42 |
9 | SV | 狗尾草S. viridis | 8.8 | 4.52 | 1.76 |
10 | CM | 蒙古虫实C. mongolicum | 0.7 | 3.70 | 1.35 |
11 | CAC | 尖头叶藜C. acuminatum | 1.4 | 1.82 | 0.69 |
12 | CC | 鹅绒藤C. chinense | 1.2 | 3.57 | 1.42 |
13 | LT | 乳苣Lactuca tatarica | 2.0 | 3.60 | 1.37 |
14 | PA | 芦苇P. australis | 4.9 | 5.45 | 1.83 |
15 | AA | 黄花蒿Artemisia annua | 3.6 | 3.76 | 1.55 |
16 | AF | 冷蒿Artemisia frigida | 0.3 | 1.99 | 0.69 |
17 | AC | 茵陈蒿Artemisia capillaris | 2.7 | 1.03 | 0.08 |
18 | HAR | 白茎盐生草H. arachnoideus | 1.2 | 3.69 | 1.46 |
19 | SS | 苦马豆Sphaerophysa salsula | 0.4 | 1.38 | 0.45 |
20 | AM | 草木樨状黄耆Astragalus melilotoides | 0.4 | 1.15 | 0.25 |
表4 草本层优势植物重要值与生态位宽度
Table 4 The important value and niche breadth of herb dominant plants
编号 Number | 物种缩写 Species abbreviation | 物种 Species name | 重要值 Importance value (%) | 生态位宽度Niche breadth | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Levins | Shannon | ||||
1 | PM | 稷P. miliaceum | 4.0 | 1.99 | 0.75 |
2 | CAL | 藜C. album | 3.6 | 5.42 | 1.98 |
3 | GD | 雾冰藜G. dasyphylla | 18.7 | 10.84 | 2.48 |
4 | IS | 蓼子朴Inula salsoloides | 3.5 | 5.75 | 1.87 |
5 | SC | 猪毛菜S. collina | 1.3 | 2.76 | 1.05 |
6 | MS | 紫花苜蓿M. sativa | 18.4 | 8.88 | 2.35 |
7 | CV | 虎尾草C. virgata | 4.5 | 4.26 | 1.64 |
8 | CE | 拂子茅C. epigeios | 7.6 | 3.65 | 1.42 |
9 | SV | 狗尾草S. viridis | 8.8 | 4.52 | 1.76 |
10 | CM | 蒙古虫实C. mongolicum | 0.7 | 3.70 | 1.35 |
11 | CAC | 尖头叶藜C. acuminatum | 1.4 | 1.82 | 0.69 |
12 | CC | 鹅绒藤C. chinense | 1.2 | 3.57 | 1.42 |
13 | LT | 乳苣Lactuca tatarica | 2.0 | 3.60 | 1.37 |
14 | PA | 芦苇P. australis | 4.9 | 5.45 | 1.83 |
15 | AA | 黄花蒿Artemisia annua | 3.6 | 3.76 | 1.55 |
16 | AF | 冷蒿Artemisia frigida | 0.3 | 1.99 | 0.69 |
17 | AC | 茵陈蒿Artemisia capillaris | 2.7 | 1.03 | 0.08 |
18 | HAR | 白茎盐生草H. arachnoideus | 1.2 | 3.69 | 1.46 |
19 | SS | 苦马豆Sphaerophysa salsula | 0.4 | 1.38 | 0.45 |
20 | AM | 草木樨状黄耆Astragalus melilotoides | 0.4 | 1.15 | 0.25 |
图3 优势灌木层生态位相似比(a)及重叠值(b)OA: 猫头刺O. aciphylla; RS: 红砂R. songarica; AO: 黑沙蒿A. ordosica; CK: 柠条锦鸡儿C. korshinskii; TG: 红花多枝柽柳T. gallica; HA: 梭梭H. ammodendron; AV: 罗布麻A. venetum; CF: 羊柴C. fruticosum. 下同The same below.
Fig.3 The niche similarity ratio (a) and overlap value (b) of dominant shrub layer
图4 优势草本层生态位相似比(a)及重叠值(b)PM: 稷P. miliaceum; CAL: 藜C. album; GD: 雾冰藜G. dasyphylla; IS: 蓼子朴I. salsoloides; SC: 猪毛菜S. collina; MS: 紫花苜蓿M. sativa; CV: 虎尾草C. virgata; CE: 拂子茅C. epigeios; SV: 狗尾草S. viridis; CM: 蒙古虫实C. mongolicum; CAC: 尖头叶藜C. acuminatum; CC: 鹅绒藤C. chinense; LT: 乳苣L. tatarica; PA: 芦苇P. australis; AA: 黄花蒿A. annua; AF: 冷蒿A. frigida; AC: 茵陈蒿A. capillaris; HAR: 白茎盐生草H. arachnoideus; SS: 苦马豆S. salsula; AM: 草木樨状黄耆A. melilotoides. 下同The same below.
Fig.4 The niche similarity ratio (a) and overlap value (b) of dominant herb layer
生长型 Growth form | 样方数 Number of plots | 方差比 Variance ratio | 统计量 Statistic (W) | χ2临界值 Marginal value [χ | 结果 Results |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
灌木Shrub | 18 | 2.03 | 36.46 | [9.390, 28.869] | 显著正联结Significant positive association |
草本Herbaceous | 25 | 1.20 | 29.96 | [14.611, 37.652] | 不显著正联结Non-significant positive association |
表5 生态恢复区植物群落总体联结
Table 5 Total species association of community in mining ecological restoration area
生长型 Growth form | 样方数 Number of plots | 方差比 Variance ratio | 统计量 Statistic (W) | χ2临界值 Marginal value [χ | 结果 Results |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
灌木Shrub | 18 | 2.03 | 36.46 | [9.390, 28.869] | 显著正联结Significant positive association |
草本Herbaceous | 25 | 1.20 | 29.96 | [14.611, 37.652] | 不显著正联结Non-significant positive association |
图5 灌木层(a)及草本层(b)优势植物种间联结χ2值半矩阵图a图中In Figure a, 1: 猫头刺O. aciphylla; 2: 红砂R. songarica; 3: 黑沙蒿A. ordosica; 4: 柠条锦鸡儿C. korshinskii; 5: 红花多枝柽柳T. gallica; 6: 梭梭H. ammodendron; 7: 罗布麻A. venetum; 8: 羊柴C. fruticosum. b图中In Figure b, 1: 稷P. miliaceum; 2: 藜C. album; 3: 雾冰藜G. dasyphylla; 4: 蓼子朴I. salsoloides; 5: 猪毛菜S. collina; 6: 紫花苜蓿M. sativa; 7: 虎尾草C. virgata; 8: 拂子茅C. epigeios; 9: 狗尾草S. viridis; 10: 蒙古虫实C. mongolicum; 11: 尖头叶藜C. acuminatum; 12: 鹅绒藤C. chinense; 13: 乳苣L. tatarica; 14: 芦苇P. australis; 15: 黄花蒿A. annua; 16: 冷蒿A. frigida; 17: 茵陈蒿A. capillaris; 18: 白茎盐生草H. arachnoideus; 19: 苦马豆S. salsula; 20: 草木樨状黄耆A. melilotoides. 下同The same below.
Fig.5 Shrub layer (a) and herbaceous layer (b), half-matrix diagram of interspecific connectivity values for dominant plant species
图6 优势灌木的Spearman秩相关检验分析*: P<0.05; **: P<0.01; ***: P<0.001. 下同The same below.
Fig.6 Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients of dominant shrub species
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