垂穗披碱草种质资源繁殖相关特性遗传多样性研究

草业学报 ›› 2011, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (3): 182-191.

垂穗披碱草种质资源繁殖相关特性遗传多样性研究

张妙青,王彦荣^*,张吉宇,刘志鹏,张磊,聂斌,周晶

兰州大学草地农业科技学院,甘肃兰州 730020

收稿日期:2010-03-29 出版日期:2011-03-25 发布日期:2011-06-20
通讯作者: E-mail:yrwang@lzu.edu.cn
作者简介:张妙青(1984-),女,陕西岐山人,在读硕士。E-mail:plantseed@yeah.net
基金资助:
国家“973”课题(2007CB108904),兰州大学中央高校基本科研费专项基金(lzujbky-2009-108,lzujbky-2009-4)和“十一五”国家科技支撑计划子课题(2008BADB3B03-4)资助。

A study on genetic diversity of reproductive characters in Elymus nutans germplasm resources

ZHANG Miao-qing, WANG Yan-rong, ZHANG Ji-yu, LIU Zhi-peng, ZHANG Lei, NIE Bin, ZHOU Jing

College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China

Received:2010-03-29 Online:2011-03-25 Published:2011-06-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 对采自甘肃、青海以及四川等地的50个垂穗披碱草居群的穗长、穗宽、每穗小穗数、种长、芒长和千粒重等6个与其繁殖相关的性状进行了遗传多样性研究。Shannon-weaver指数分析显示,50个居群在形态性状上具有丰富的遗传多样性(H′=1.873)。遗传多样性主要集中在居群内部(63.8%),居群间存在一定的遗传变异(36.2%)。各性状间的遗传变异具有不均衡性,穗宽变异较大(CV=0.347 2),种长变异最小(CV=0.118 4)。聚类分析表明,50个居群可分为3组;相关分析结果表明,海拔、经度、纬度、年均温和年均降水量对垂穗披碱草的繁殖性状变异有不同程度的影响,其中海拔和年均温对穗长和每穗小穗数影响极显著(P<0.01)。此外,提出了垂穗披碱草的利用和保护建议。

Abstract: Genetic diversity of six reproductive characters was studied in 50 Elymus nutans populations collected from various regions of Gansu, Qinghai and Sichuan provinces in China. The characters included ear length, ear width, spikelet number per ear, seed length, awn length and thousand-seed weight. Shannon-Weaver index analysis showed that there was an abundant genetic diversity (H′=1.873) among populations. The genetic variation within populations (63.8%) was greater than that between populations ( 36.2%). Genetic variation was different for each character, that for ear width (CV=0.347 2) was the greatest while seed length (CV=0.118 4) was the smallest. The 50 populations were divided into three groups by cluster analysis. All reproductive characters were correlated to various extents with altitude, latitude, longitude, mean annual temperature and annual precipitation. Ear length and spikelet number per ear were highly significantly correlated with altitude and mean annual temperature (P<0.01). Plans for the utilization and protection of E. nutans are proposed.

中图分类号:

张妙青,王彦荣,张吉宇,刘志鹏,张磊,聂斌,周晶. 垂穗披碱草种质资源繁殖相关特性遗传多样性研究[J]. 草业学报, 2011, 20(3): 182-191.

ZHANG Miao-qing, WANG Yan-rong, ZHANG Ji-yu, LIU Zhi-peng, ZHANG Lei, NIE Bin, ZHOU Jing. A study on genetic diversity of reproductive characters in Elymus nutans germplasm resources[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2011, 20(3): 182-191.

参考文献

[1] 袁春光. 青藏高原野生优质牧草: 垂穗披碱草[J]. 草业与畜牧, 2005, (10): 62.
[2] 周永红, 郑有良, 杨俊良, 等. 10种披碱草属植物的RAPD分析及其系统学意义[J]. 植物分类学报, 1999, 37(5): 425-432.
[3] 张建波. 川西北高原野生垂穗披碱草遗传多样性研究[D]. 成都: 四川农业大学, 2007: 1-17.
[4] 季维智, 宿兵. 遗传多样性研究的原理与方法[M]. 浙江: 浙江科学技术出版社, 1995: 2-5.
[5] 张春晓, 李悦, 沈熙环. 林木同工酶遗传多样性研究进展[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 1998, 20(3): 58-66.
[6] 马永贵, 刘玉萍, 苏旭. 垂穗披碱草栽培技术[J]. 林业实用技术, 2005, (12): 34-34.
[7] 乔安海, 韩建国, 巩爱岐, 等. 氮肥对垂穗披碱草种子产量和质量的影响[J]. 草地学报, 2006, 14(1): 48-56.
[8] 严学兵, 汪玺, 郭玉霞, 等. 高寒牧区垂穗披碱草草地生物量及营养价值动态的研究[J]. 草业科学, 2003, 20(1): 14-18.
[9] Jensen K B, Asay K H. Cytology and morphology of Elymus hoffmanni (Poaceae: Tritieeae): A new species from the Erzurum province of Turkey[J]. International Journal of Plant Sciences, 1996, 157(11): 750-759.
[10] Jensen K B, Salomon B. Cytogenetics and morphology of Elymus panormitanus var. heterophyllus and its relationship to Elymus panormitanus var. panormitanus(Poaeeae: Tritieeae)[J]. International Joumal of Plant Seiences, 1995, 156(11): 731-738.
[11] Park C H, Walton P D. Morphology and cytology of tissue culture derived octoploid of Elylnus canadensis and its selfed progeny[J]. Plant Breeding, 1989, 102(4): 208-214.
[12] 袁庆华, 张吉宇, 张文淑, 等. 披碱草和老芒麦野生居群生物多样性研究[J]. 草业学报, 2003, 12(5): 44-49.
[13] 严学兵, 周禾, 郭玉霞, 等. 披碱草属植物形态多样性及其主成分分析[J]. 草地学报, 2005, 13(2): 27-32.
[14] 严学兵, 郭玉霞, 周禾, 等. 影响披碱草属植物遗传分化和亲缘关系的地理因素分析[J ]. 植物资源与环境学报, 2006, 15(4): 17-24.
[15] 陈智华, 苗佳敏, 钟金城, 等. 野生垂穗披碱草种质遗传多样性的SRAP研究[J]. 草业学报, 2009, 18(5): 192-200.
[16] 严学兵, 周禾, 王堃, 等. 我国9 种披碱草属植物的系统学关系[J]. 草业学报, 2009, 18(3): 74-85.
[17] 金燕, 卢宝荣. 遗传多样性的取样策略[J]. 生物多样性, 2003, 11(2): 155-161.
[18] Shannon C E, Weaver W. The Mathematical Theory of Communication[M]. Chicago: The University of Illinois, 1949: 3-24.
[19] 赵威. 5种禾本科牧草种子产量构成因子和种子生产性能的研究[D]. 呼和浩特: 内蒙古农业大学, 2003: 3-6.
[20] 汪恩华, 刘杰, 刘公社, 等. 形态与分子标记用于羊草种质鉴定与遗传多样性评估的研究[J]. 草业学报, 2002, 11(4): 68-75.
[21] 鄢家俊, 白史且, 张新全, 等. 青藏高原老芒麦种质基于SRAP标记的遗传多样性研究[J]. 草业学报, 2010, 19(1): 173-183.
[22] Hamrick J L, Godt M J W. Allazyme diversity in plant species[A]. In: Brown A H D, Clegg M T, Kahler A L. Plant Population Genetics, Breeding and Genetic Resources[C]. Sunderland: Sinauer, 1990: 43-63.
[23] 解新民, 云锦凤, 卢小良, 等. 蒙古冰草表型数量性状的变异和生境间的相关性[J]. 生态学杂志, 2003, 22(4): 31-36.
[24] 王丽, 杨娟, 郭晶, 等. 用RAPD检验华山新麦草自然居群的遗传结构和居群分化[J]. 生态学报, 2005, 25(4): 720-726.
[25] 兰保祥, 李立会, 王辉. 蒙古冰草居群遗传多样性研究[J]. 中国农业科学, 2005, 38(3): 468-473.
[26] 陈志宏, 李晓芳, 贠旭疆, 等. 我国草种质资源的多样性及其保护[J]. 草业科学, 2009, 26(5): 1-6.