基于遥感分析20年来民勤绿洲防护林带植被变化研究

doi:10.11686/cyxb2017333

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 民勤绿洲三面环沙,为了遏制风沙危害,保护绿洲,民勤人长期不懈的开展绿洲防护带体系建设,监测和评价绿洲防护带的变化趋势,这对于绿洲生态环境的保护及指导干旱区生态建设意义重大。利用1996、2006、2016年民勤绿洲防护带植被生长期内Landsat TM/OLI遥感卫星数据,以ENVI 5.3和Arcgis 10.4为影像处理工具,分别计算3期研究区内的NDVI,基于像元二分模型计算植被覆盖度,研究民勤绿洲不同植被覆盖程度的空间分布和动态变化;基于CART算法的决策树分类技术,组合多元数据进行土地利用类型分类,获得绿洲防护带面积以及转移变化情况。结果表明,2006与1996年相比,低覆盖度和高覆盖度面积有所增加,占民勤绿洲面积比例分别增加了32.48%和27.65%;但是,中低覆盖度、中等覆盖度、中高覆盖度面积有所减少,所占比例分别下降了66.28%、17.94%和2.61%。2016与2006年相比,低覆盖度和中高覆盖度面积有所减少,所占比例分别下降了26.28%和24.00%;此外,中低覆盖度、中等覆盖度和高覆盖度面积有所增加,所占比例分别增加了205.47%、4.12%、44.22%。20年来,低覆盖度面积出现先增加后减少的趋势。土地利用分类结果显示,2006与1996年相比,农田防护林和防风固沙林面积均有所增加,分别增加148.68%和16.47%。2016与2006年相比,农田防护林面积有所减少,所占比例下降了33.99%;但是防风固沙林面积继续保持增加趋势,增幅3.55%。说明20年来,民勤绿洲低覆盖度面积不断减少,生态环境不断改善,防风固沙林面积出现先快速增加后缓慢增加的趋势,这与保护天然植被,大力开展人工造林建立防护林息息相关。

关键词: 民勤绿洲, 防护林带, 植被覆盖度变化, 遥感监测

Abstract: Three sides of the Minqin oasis are surrounded by sand; the local population has made unremitting efforts to construct an oasis protection system and monitor and evaluate vegetation changes occurring in the protection belt. This study utilized Landsat TM/OLI remote sensing satellite data from 1996, 2006 and 2016 collected during the vegetation growth period in the Minqin oasis protection belt. Using ENVI 5.3 and Arcgis 10.4 as image processing tools, a normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) for the study area was calculated while a dimidate pixel model (DPM) was used to calculate vegetation coverage to determine the spatial distribution and dynamic changes in different vegetation types in the Minqin Oasis. A decision tree classification technique based on a CART algorithm and combined multivariate data were used to classify land use types, allowing the area of the oasis protection belt and vegetation changes to be estimated. The results showed that compared with 1996, the area of low and high coverage vegetation in 2006 was 32.48% and 27.65% greater, respectively. However by 2016 the area of low coverage and middle and high coverage vegetation had decreased by 26.28% and 24.00% respectively. In addition, the proportion of low, medium and high vegetation had increased by 205.47%, 4.12% and 44.22%, respectively. Over the past 20 years, the area of low coverage vegetation initially increased and then decreased. Land use classification showed that compared with 2006 the area of farmland shelterbelt and dune windbreak in 1996, was 148.68% and 16.47% higher, respectively. The area of farmland protected by shelterbelts in 2016 was 33.99% lower than in 2006 but the area of windbreak and sand stabilizing plantations forest increased by 3.55%. The research revealed that over the last 20 years, the area of low coverage vegetation in the Minqin oasis has been decreasing and that the ecological environment has improved. The area of windbreak and sand stabilizing forest increased rapidly at first and but more slowly latterly.

Key words: Minqin oasis, shelter belt, vegetation coverage changes, remote sensing monitoring

张永, 杨自辉, 郭树江, 王强强, 詹科杰, 张剑挥, 魏怀东. 基于遥感分析20年来民勤绿洲防护林带植被变化研究[J]. 草业学报, 2018, 27(7): 14-24.

ZHANG Yong, YANG Zi-hui, GUO Shu-jiang, WANG Qiang-qiang, ZHAN Ke-jie, ZHANG Jian-hui, WEI Huai-dong. Ecological changes in the Minqin oasis belt over the past 20 years[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2018, 27(7): 14-24.

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