硅对不同抗性高羊茅耐盐性的影响

doi:10.11686/cyxb2017466

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为研究不同盐生境下硅对不同抗盐品种高羊茅 (抗性强的XD和抗性弱的K31)耐盐性的影响,采用盆栽试验研究了添加硅对不同盐生境下两个高羊茅品种形态指标和保护酶活性的影响。结果表明:两个高羊茅品种的株高、分蘖数、叶片数、叶长、叶宽、地上含水量和生物量均随盐浓度增加呈降低趋势,而SOD、CAT和POD活性呈先增加后降低趋势,其中盐浓度为150、100 mmol·L^-1时XD和K31的保护酶活性分别达到峰值。添加硅显著增加了两个高羊茅品种的株高、分蘖数、叶片数、叶长、地上含水量、地上生物量、SOD、CAT和POD(P<0.05),但两个品种高羊茅对硅响应存在盐浓度分异,具体表现为:盐浓度≤50 mmol·L^-1时添加硅显著增加了XD分蘖数和叶片数(P<0.05),而对K31无显著影响;盐浓度≤100 mmol·L^-1时加硅显著增加了XD的株高、叶长、地上生物量、SOD和CAT活性,盐浓度为150、200 mmol·L^-1时,加硅显著增加了K31的株高、叶长、地上生物量、SOD、POD和CAT活性(P<0.05);硅仅在盐浓度≥200 mmol·L^-1时显著增加了K31的地上含水量(P<0.05),而对XD地上含水量在任何盐浓度下均无显著影响。说明添加硅能够增强高羊茅的耐盐性,而且增强程度因盐浓度和高羊茅品种存在分异,在较高盐渍化条件下,硅对抗盐性较弱品种耐盐性增强的幅度大于抗盐性较强品种,使得抗盐性较弱的高羊茅品种能够通过添加硅肥而适应盐浓度较高的盐渍化土壤,扩大其适应范围成为可能。

关键词: 高羊茅, 盐浓度, 硅, 形态指标, 保护酶

Abstract: A study has been undertaken to explore the effect of silicon supply on the salt tolerance of two varieties of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea), XD and K31. XD has stronger resistance to salinization than K31. A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of silicon on the plants’ morphological indexes and protective enzyme activities under different salinization conditions. The results showed that plant height, tillers, leaf number, leaf length, leaf width, the aboveground biomass and water content of K31 and XD presented a decreasing trend with increases in salinity. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) firstly increased and then decreased with rising salinity. The activity of protective enzymes in XD and K31 peaked when salt concentrations were 150 and 100 mmol·L^-1. Silicon supplies significantly increased the tillers, leaf numbers, leaf length, plant height, aboveground biomass and water content, as well as SOD, POD and CAT activities, but the response of the two kinds of tall fescue varied under different salt concentrations. Silicon supplies significantly increased the tillers and leaf numbers of XD when salinity was below or at 50 mmol·L^-1, but they did not affect K31. However, the leaf length, plant height, aboveground biomass, SOD and CAT activities of XD significantly increased when salinity was below or at 100 mmol·L^-1. Silicon supplies also significantly increased the leaf length, plant height and aboveground biomass, SOD, POD and CAT activities of K31 when salt concentration was 150 and 200 mmol·L^-1. These results indicate that silicon supplies could enhance the salt resistance of both kinds of tall fescue and that the extent of enhancement varies with salt concentration and the degree of tall fescue resistance. Under higher salinization conditions, the improving effect of silicon supply on salt tolerance was stronger in tall fescue with weak salt tolerance. These results show that it is possible to expand the adaptive range of tall fescue by supplying silicon.

Key words: tall fescue, salinity, silicon, morphological parameter, protective enzyme

刘慧霞, 林丽果, 武文莉, 林选栋, 宋锐. 硅对不同抗性高羊茅耐盐性的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2018, 27(10): 84-92.

LIU Hui-xia, LIN Li-guo, WU Wen-li, LIN Xuan-dong, SONG Rui. Effect of silicon supply on the salt tolerance of two tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) varieties with different salt resistance levels[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2018, 27(10): 84-92.

参考文献

[1] Qian Y R, Yang F, Li J L, et al. Estimation of photosynthetic pigment of Festuca arundinacea using hyper-spectral data. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2009, 18(4): 94-102.
钱育蓉, 杨峰, 李建龙, 等. 利用高光谱数据快速估算高羊茅牧草光合色素的研究. 草业学报, 2009, 18(4): 94-102.
[2] Liu H X, Wang K Y, Guo X H.Effect of addition of silicon on seed emergence and growth of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) under the different soil moistures. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2012, 21(1): 199-205.
刘慧霞, 王康英, 郭兴华. 不同土壤水分条件下硅对坪用高羊茅种子出苗及生物学特性的影响. 草业学报, 2012, 21(1): 199-205.
[3] Flowers T J.Improving crop salt tolerance. Journal of Experimental Botany, 2004, 55(396): 307-319.
[4] Zhu Y, Tan G E, He C Q, et al. Effect of salinization on growth and ion homeostasis in seedlings of Festuca arundinacea. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2007, 27(12): 5447-5454.
朱义, 谭贵娥, 何池全, 等. 盐胁迫对高羊茅幼苗生长和离子分布的影响. 生态学报, 2007, 27(12): 5447-5454.
[5] Fan R P, Zhou Q, Zhou B, et al. Effects of salinization stress on growth and the antioxidant system of tall fescue. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2012, 21(1): 112-117.
樊瑞苹, 周琴, 周波, 等. 盐胁迫对高羊茅生长及抗氧化系统的影响. 草业学报, 2012, 21(1): 112-117.
[6] Liu A R, Zhang Y B, Wang J F, et al. Appropriate nitrogen fertilizer strengthens growth and antioxidative ability of Festuca arundinacea under salt stress. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2013, 29(15): 126-135.
刘爱荣, 张远兵, 汪建飞, 等. 适量施氮增强盐胁迫下高羊茅生长和抗氧化能力. 农业工程学报, 2013, 29(15): 126-135.
[7] Lu F Y, Jiang L G, Qin H D, et al. Effects of nitrogen and silicon levels on grain yield and qualities of rice. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 2005, 11(6): 846-850.
陆福勇, 江立庚, 秦华东, 等. 不同氮、硅用量对水稻产量和品质的影响. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2005, 11(6): 846-850.
[8] Tuna A L, Kaya C, Higgs D, et al. Silicon improves salinity tolerance in wheat plants. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 2008, 62(1): 10-16.
[9] Wang S, Liu P, Chen D, et al. Silicon enhanced salt tolerance by improving the root water uptake and decreasing the ion toxicity in cucumber. Front Plant Science, 2015, 6: 759.
[10] Kochanová Z, Jašková K, Sedláková B, et al. Silicon improves salinity tolerance and affects ammonia assimilation in maize roots. Biologia, 2014, 69(9): 1164-1171.
[11] Huang Y Z, Zhang W Q, Zhao L J, et al. Effects of Si on the index of root activity, MDA content and nutritional elements uptake of rice under salt stress. Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology, 2009, 4(6): 860-866.
黄益宗, 张文强, 招礼军, 等. Si对盐胁迫下水稻根系活力、丙二醛和营养元素含量的影响. 生态毒理学报, 2009, 4(6): 860-866.
[12] Wang Y P, Wang Y X, Bai X L, et al. Effects of exogenous silicon on melon seed germination and the growth of seedlings under NaCl stress. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2015, 24(5): 108-116.
王玉萍, 王映霞, 白向利, 等. 硅对NaCl胁迫下甜瓜种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响. 草业学报, 2015, 24(5): 108-116.
[13] Liu D L, Zhang H, Zeng X C, et al. Effects of silicon on the physiological metabolism of tested pennisetum under salt stress. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2013, 21(6): 1119-1123.
刘大林, 张华, 曹喜春, 等. 硅对盐胁迫下不同狼尾草属牧草生理代谢的影响. 草地学报, 2013, 21(6): 1119-1123.
[14] Liu H X, Guo X H, Guo Z G.Effect of silicon supply on tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) growth under the salinization conditions. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2011, 31(23): 7039-7046.
刘慧霞, 郭兴华, 郭正刚. 盐生境下硅对坪用高羊茅生物学特性的影响. 生态学报, 2011, 31(23): 7039-7046.
[15] Liu C F, Su J K, Huang W H.Studies on the salt-tolerant forage grass cultivars. Chinese Journal of Grassland, 1992, 6: 12-17.
刘春芳, 苏加楷, 黄文惠. 禾本科牧草耐盐性的研究. 中国草地, 1992, 6: 12-17.
[16] Liu H X, Wang K Y, Guo Z G.Effect of silicon on some physiological-biochemical characteristics and quality of afalfa under different soil moistures. Chinese Journal of Grassland, 2011, 33(3): 21-27.
刘慧霞, 王康英, 郭正刚. 不同水分条件下硅对紫花苜蓿生理特性及品质的影响. 中国草地学报, 2011, 33(3): 21-27.
[17] Li H S.Plant physiology and biochemistry experimental principles and techniques. Beijing: Higher Education Press, 2006.
李合生. 植物生理生化实验原理和技术. 北京: 高等教育出版社, 2006.
[18] Zhang Z L, Qu W J.Plant physiology experiment instruction (third edition). Beijing: Higher Education Press, 2003.
张志良, 瞿伟菁. 植物生理学实验指导(第3版). 北京: 高等教育出版社, 2003.
[19] Farooq M, Wahid A, Kobayashi N, et al. Plant drought stress: Effects, mechanisms and management. Sustainable Agriculture, 2009, 1: 153-188.
[20] Vicente O, Boscaiu M, Naranjo M A, et al. Responses to salt stress in the halophyte Plantago crassifolia (Plantaginaceae). Journal of Arid Environments, 2004, 58: 463-481.
[21] Zhu Y X, Li H L, Hu Y H, et al. Effect of silicate on salt resistance in tomato and underlying physiological mechanisms. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2015, 34(2): 213-220.
朱永兴, 李换丽, 胡彦宏, 等. 硅酸盐提高番茄抗盐性的效应与生理机制. 农业环境科学学报, 2015, 34(2): 213-220.
[22] Li Z T, Gao J L, Wang Y F, et al. Effect of silicon on protective enzymes actives physiological characteristics of maize seedling under salt stress. Journal of Maize Sciences, 2011, 19(2): 73-76.
李佐同, 高聚林, 王玉凤, 等. 硅对NaCl胁迫下玉米幼苗生理特性的影响. 玉米科学, 2011, 19(2): 73-76.
[23] Liu Y, Wang S W, Yin L N, et al. Studies on physiological mechanism of salt resistance improved by silicon in cucumber. Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica, 2014, 34(5): 988-994.
刘媛, 王仕稳, 殷俐娜, 等. 硅提高黄瓜幼苗抗盐能力的生理机制研究. 西北植物学报, 2014, 34(5): 988-994.
[24] Zhu Y, Gong H.Beneficial effects of silicon on salt and drought tolerance in plants. Aronomy for Sustainable Development, 2014, 34(2): 455-472.
[25] Xu C X, Xu X Z, Ma Y P, et al. Effects of silicon on cell wall formation and related enzyme activity of tissue cultured plantlets of Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) under salt stress. Acta Phytophysiologica Sinica, 2011, 47(11): 1096-1102.
徐呈祥, 徐锡增, 马艳萍, 等. 硅对盐胁迫下枣树组织培养苗细胞壁形成和相关酶活性的影响. 植物生理学报, 2011, 47(11): 1096-1102.
[26] Pang J Y, Wang H, Zhang F S.Effect of silicon on tobacco suspension cells under salt stress and related mechanism. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2003, 29(4): 610-614.
房江育, 王贺, 张福锁. 硅对盐胁迫烟草悬浮细胞的影响. 作物学报, 2003, 29(4): 610-614.
[27] Liang Y C, Ding R X, Liu Q.Effects of silicon on salt tolerance of barley and its mechanism. Scientia Agricultura Sinica,1999, 32(6): 75-83.
梁永超, 丁瑞兴, 刘谦. 硅对大麦耐盐性的影响及其机制. 中国农业科学, 1999, 32(6): 75-83.
[28] Zheng S Y, Zheng F, Xu J, et al. Effect of silicon on the biomass and photosynthetic characteristics of wheat seedlings under NaCl stress. Journal of Triticeae Crops, 2015, 35(1): 111-115.
郑世英, 郑芳, 徐建, 等. 外源硅对NaCl胁迫下小麦幼苗生长及光合特性的影响. 麦类作物学报, 2015, 35(1): 111-115.
[29] Ma D M, Jin F X, Xu X, et al. Study on the salt tolerance of transgenic tall fescue. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2013, 20(6): 1144-1147.
麻冬梅, 金凤霞, 许兴, 等. 高羊茅耐盐转基因抗性苗的耐盐性研究. 草地学报, 2013, 20(6): 1144-1147.
[30] Xu C X, Ma Y P, Hu H K, et al. Effects of silicon on growth and physiological status of Zizyphus jujuba cv. Jinsi-xiaozao under salt stress. Journal of Northwest Agricultural and Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2005, 33(5): 142-146.
徐呈祥, 马艳萍, 胡恒康, 等. 硅对盐胁迫下金丝小枣生长与生理的效应. 西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2005, 33(5): 142-146.
[31] Zhou Y P, Liu H X, Yu C, et al. Effect of silicon supplements on biomass and osmolyte contents of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) under different soil salinity conditions. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2017, 37(16): 5514-5521.
周钰佩, 刘慧霞, 于成, 等. 硅对不同盐生境下高羊茅生物量及渗透调节物质含量的影响. 生态学报, 2017, 37(16): 5514-5521.
[32] Liu Q, Gao Y N, Liu X, et al. Review on the mechanisms of the response to salinity-alkalinity stress in plants. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2017,37(16): 5565-5577.
刘倩, 高娅妮, 柳旭, 等. 植物对盐碱胁迫的响应机制研究进展. 生态学报, 2017, 37(16): 5565-5577.
[33] Liu J X, Hu H B, Wang X.Effects of exogenous silicon on active oxygen metabolism and photosynthetic parameters of Lolium perenne L. seedlings under salt stress. Chinese Journal of Grassland, 2008, 30(5): 25-31.
刘建新, 胡浩斌, 王鑫. 硅对盐胁迫下黑麦草幼苗活性氧代谢和光合参数的影响. 中国草地学报, 2008, 30(5): 25-31.
[34] Qian Q Q, Zai W S, Zhu Z J, et al. Effects of exogenous silicon on active oxygen scavenging systems in chloroplasts of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) seedlings under salt stress. Journal of Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology, 2006, 32(1): 107-112.
钱琼秋, 宰文珊, 朱祝军, 等. 外源硅对盐胁迫下黄瓜幼苗叶绿体活性氧清除系统的影响. 植物生理与分子生物学学报, 2006, 32(1): 107-112.
[35] Qian Q Q, Zhu Z J, He Y.Effects of Si on the mitochondria respiration and lipid peroxidation of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) roots under salt stress. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2006,12(6): 875-880.
钱琼秋, 朱祝军, 何勇. 硅对盐胁迫下黄瓜根系线粒体呼吸作用及脂质过氧化的影响. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2006, 12(6): 875-880.