草地群落类型对乳白香青种群特征和雌雄株形态及抗性的影响

doi:10.11686/cyxb2017485

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探究亚高山雌雄异株草本植物乳白香青对生境的适应方式,通过测定5个草地群落(A-老芒麦改良草地,B-虉草改良草地,C-天然草地,D-天然草甸,E-沙化草地)中乳白香青种群数、种群密度和面积、分布系数、性比组成,以及雌雄株构件性状、生物量配比、水分分配及抗性物质含量等参数,研究群落组成对乳白香青种群特征、雌雄株形态可塑性及抗性的影响。结果表明,5个草地群落的优势种、群落密度、基盖度、物种密度和优势种高度及土壤理化性状的显著差异(P<0.05),使不同群落中乳白香青种群特征显著不同,群落类型对种群特征参数影响顺序为种群面积>种群密度>性比>年龄结构>种群数>分布系数;D群落中乳白香青种群数和分布系数最高,C中乳白香青种群面积和密度最大,E中乳白香青种群数仅分别为D和C中的30.21%和35.11%,分布系数仅为C中的36.04%;群落类型对乳白香青种群年龄结构和性比有显著影响(P<0.05),雌株数为雄株的2.22~7.03倍;叶数和叶面积、株高和茎径、根长、小花数和苞片层数有显著的性别差异(P<0.05),群落类型对雌雄株的叶数和叶面积、株高、根数、花序数和小花数有显著影响,对雄株茎径和苞片层数有显著影响;雄株总生物量和花分配比显著高于雌株,而根分配比显著低于雌株(P<0.05),群落类型对乳白香青生物量配比有显著影响,雌株生物量配比受影响顺序为花>总生物量>叶>根>茎,雄株受影响顺序为花>茎>叶>总生物量>根;雄株茎、叶、花含水量显著高于雌株(P<0.05),根含水量在性别间和群落间差异较小,雌株构件含水量受群落类型影响顺序为花>茎>叶>根,雄株为叶>茎>花>根。雄株中MDA含量高于雌株,雌株中H₂O₂含量及T-AOC活性大于雄株(P<0.05),群落组成对雌、雄株中H₂O₂和MDA含量及T-AOC活性有极显著影响(P<0.01)。A和B中H₂O₂和MDA含量最低,E中H₂O₂和MDA达最大值,而T-AOC活性最低。雌、雄个体均能依据群落生境调整生长策略,通过构件性状、生物量配比、水分分配和抗性生理等适应性变化,使种群具有与生境匹配的种群特征,利于提高种群适合度和生活史完成。

关键词: 乳白香青, 雌雄异株, 种群特征, 形态可塑性, 生长策略

Abstract: The population characteristics (number, density, area, distribution coefficient, sex ratio, biomass ratio, water distribution and the resistant traits of females and males) of Anaphalis lacteal were investigated in five different habitats: improved Elymus sibiricus grassland (A), improved Phalaris armdinacea grassland (B), natural grassland (C), natural meadow (D) and desertification grassland (E). The results showed that A. lacteal population characteristics varied with the different community properties found in the five habitats (such as the dominant species, density and coverage of the community, species saturation, height of the dominant species and the physical and chemical traits of soils). The order of effect by habitat community on A. lacteal population properties was area>density>sex ratio>age structure>number>distribution coefficient. The highest number and distribution coefficient of the A. lacteal population were in D, while the largest area and density were in C. Compared with E, the population numbers of C and D were 30.21% and 35.11% respectively, while the distribution coefficient of C was 36.04%. A. lacteal age structure, sex ratio, height, root number, leaf number and area, inflorescence and flowers, the number of males or females and the stem diameter and bracts layer of males were significantly different among the community types (P<0.05). The numbers of females varied between 2.22 and 7.03 times higher than males. Sex differences were found in height, stem diameter, root length, leaf number and area, florets number and the bracts layer (P<0.05). Significantly higher total biomass and flower distribution ratios but lower root distribution ratios were observed in males than females (P<0.05). The order of effects by community type on biomass distribution was flower>total biomass>leaf>root>stem for females and flower>stem>leaf>total biomass>root for males. The water contents of stem, leaf and flower were significantly higher in males than females. The order of effects by community type on water content was flower>stem>leaf>root for female, and leaf>stem>flower>root for males. H₂O₂ and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were the lowest in A and B and total antioxidant capacity activity was the lowest in D. The E. sibiricus community composition had highly significant effects on H₂O₂ and MDA contents and on the T-AOC activity of males and females. MDA content was higher in males than females, but H₂O₂ content and T-AOC activity was higher in females (P<0.05). These results indicate that male and female individuals of A. lacteal can develop different growth strategies across habitats based on component characteristics, biomass ratio, water distribution and resistance physiology. These strategies may produce advantages in habitat adaptation, life history and population fitness.

Key words: Anaphalis lacteal, dioecious strain, population characteristics, morphological plasticity, growth strategy

刘航江, 宗人旭, 刘金平, 游明鸿, 徐晓霞. 草地群落类型对乳白香青种群特征和雌雄株形态及抗性的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2018, 27(10): 113-124.

LIU Hang-jiang, ZONG Ren-xu, LIU Jin-ping, YOU Ming-hong, XU Xiao-xia. Effect of grassland community types on population characteristics, morphology and resistance of the dioecious herb Anaphalis lacteal[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2018, 27(10): 113-124.

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