栽培方式对光敏型高丹草营养成分含量与产量的影响

doi:10.11686/cyxb2018279

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在陇东旱作区,采用全膜双垄沟、全膜平铺、半膜平铺和露地(传统种植)4种栽培方式,种植了具有代表性的两个光敏型高丹草品种“海牛”和“大卡BMR”,测定并分析了两个品种不同发育阶段干物质积累、主要营养成分含量和产量及其这些特征的动态变化规律,以期确定该类牧草的最佳栽培和饲用技术。结果表明,在旱作4种栽培方式下,随生长发育进程的延长,两品种的粗蛋白(CP)含量逐渐下降,中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)含量整体呈“升-降-升”的变化趋势,总可消化养分(TDN)含量整体呈“降-升-降”的变化趋势,糖锤度(BX)含量整体呈逐渐上升的变化趋势。在植株生长后期(出苗后126和140 d),品种对CP和NDF含量影响不显著(P>0.05),对ADF、TDN和BX含量影响显著(P<0.05),其中褐色中脉型(BMR)品种“大卡”的ADF含量较低,平均分别为33.13%和40.39%,TDN含量相应较高,平均分别为58.14%和52.24%,非BMR型品种海牛的BX含量较高,平均分别为12.41%和14.59%。栽培方式对各营养成分含量影响均不显著(P>0.05),其中在不覆膜和半覆膜处理下ADF含量较低,在出苗后126 d平均分别为34.39%和34.01%,在出苗后140 d平均分别为39.98%和40.60%;而TDN含量相应较高,在出苗后126 d平均分别为57.42%和57.34%,在出苗后140 d平均分别为52.66%和52.20%。CP和TDN产量受品种及栽培方式的影响显著(P<0.05),且与干物质产量表现一致,可消化营养物质含量和干物质产量相对平衡点在126 d前后。因此,从饲草生产角度考虑,作青贮饲料利用时,选择BMR型品种“大卡”在全膜双垄沟或全膜平铺的栽培方式下种植,并于出苗后120~140 d收获为最佳栽培饲用模式。

关键词: 栽培方式, 发育阶段, 光敏型高丹草, 营养成分, 最佳刈割期

Abstract: The aim of this study was to ascertain the optimal cultivation regime and cutting time of the photoperiod-sensitive sorghum-sudangrass hybrid varieties “Monster” and the brown midrib (BMR) type “Big Kahuna”, when grown on dryland in eastern Gansu. Performance was assessed at 70, 84, 98, 112, 126 and 140 days after planting. Measurements made at each of these 6 growth stages were dry matter yield, total digestible nutrients, and the main nutritional components, including crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF), total digestible nutrients (TDN), and brix (BX). Four cultivation regimes were compared: plastic-film full mulching on double ridged soil surface (FF-RS), plastic-film full mulching on a flat soil surface (FF-FS), plastic-film semi-mulching on a flat soil surface (FS-FS), and no plastic-film mulching on a flat soil surface (NM-FS, i.e. the traditional planting method). During crop development from 70 to 140 days, CP levels of all cultivation regimes in both varieties fell from 12%-23% to <10% and brix content steadily rose from <4% to 10%-15%, while NDF and ADF gradually rose, apart from a temporary decrease at late head emergence. The BMR genotype, “Big Kahuna”, generally outperformed “Monster” with approximately 15% higher dry matter yield, lower ADF than “Monster” (average across planting regimes 33.13% and 40.39%, respectively), and higher TDN (average 58.14% and 52.24%, respectively). However, the BX content of non-BMR type hybrid, “Monster”, was higher (average 12.41% and 14.59%, respectively). There was no significant effect of cultivation regime on the nutritional contents. However, yield ranked across cultivation regimes: FF-RS (>30 t·ha^-1) =FF-FS>FS-FS>NM-FS (≈20 t·ha^-1), so that TDN yield was enhanced by plastic film mulching. The relative equilibrium point between TDN content and dry matter yield was about 126 days. In conclusion, considering the higher forage production, the BMR type hybrid, “Big Kahuna”, should be used in conjunction with an FF-RS or FF-FS mulching regime and be cut between 120 and 140 days after emergence, for optimal results in this region. These guidelines are best practice for cultivation and utilization for silage forage of the photoperiod-sensitive sorghum-sudangrass hybrids.

Key words: cultivation regime, growth stage, photoperiod-sensitive sorghum-sudangrass hybrids, nutritional value, optimal cutting time

何振富, 贺春贵, 王国栋. 栽培方式对光敏型高丹草营养成分含量与产量的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2019, 28(9): 110-122.

HE Zhen-fu, HE Chun-gui, WANG Guo-dong. Effect of different cultivation patterns on yield and nutritional contents of photoperiod-sensitive sorghum-sudangrass hybrids[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2019, 28(9): 110-122.

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