21个粮饲兼用型青贮玉米在河南的品种比较试验

doi:10.11686/cyxb2018539

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为选出适合河南地区种植的青贮玉米品种,采用随机法对21个玉米品种(每个玉米品种5个重复)进行分区组种植,以研究其生物学产量、籽粒产量、抗倒伏性和品质,及其各农艺性状的相关关系。结果表明:1)以京科青贮932、伟科106的生物学产量和籽粒产量最高,且具有良好的抗倒伏性能。2)伟科106、京科青贮932有较高的粗蛋白、粗脂肪和淀粉含量,而中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)的含量较低,品质较优。3)生物学产量与绿叶数、绿叶重、株高、茎粗和茎重、穗重呈极显著正相关,籽粒产量与绿叶数、绿叶重、茎粗和茎重、穗重呈极显著正相关,生物学产量与籽粒产量也呈极显著正相关。因此,选用绿叶多和绿叶重、茎重和茎粗、穗部产量均优且有一定植株高度的品种有利于获得高产;粗蛋白与粗脂肪、淀粉含量呈正相关。从生物学产量、籽粒产量、品质、抗倒伏性能和农艺性状方面综合考虑,京科青贮932和伟科106表现最佳,适宜作为全株青贮玉米品种和粮饲兼用品种在河南地区推广种植。

关键词: 品种, 青贮玉米, 产量, 农艺性状, 营养成分

Abstract: The aim of this research was to select silage maize varieties suitable for planting in Henan province. A field experiment was set up with 21 varieties and five replications in a random design. Total herbage dry matter yield, grain yield, quality, and lodging resistance were recorded, and relationships among agronomic characters were examined. The results showed that: 1) The herbage dry matter yields and grain yields of Jingke silage 932, and Weike 106 varieties were the best. These two varieties also had better lodging resistance than other varieties. 2) In terms of quality, the crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), and starch contents of Weike 106 and Jingke silage 932 varieties were higher, while neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents were lower than other varieties, indicating their forage quality was also good. 3) There were positive, very significant correlations between herbage dry matter yield and the green leaf number, the green leaf weight, the plant height, the diameter and weight of stem, and the diameter and weight of the ear. Grain yield was found to have a very significant positive correlation with leaf number, leaf weight and stem weight, and ear weight. There was a positive, very significant correlation between total herbage dry matter yield and grain yield. Therefore, high grain yield can be obtained by selecting varieties with good quality of green leaves, larger stem diameter, larger ear size and greater plant height. The CP content was positively correlated with the contents of EE and starch. Considering all measured traits: herbage dry matter yield, grain yield, forage quality lodging resistance and other agronomic traits, the performance of Jingke silage 932 and Weike 106 varieties was superior to other varieties tested, and these two varieties can be recommended for whole crop silage and maize grain production in Henan province.

Key words: varieties, silage corn, yield, agronomic traits, nutritional composition

刘晓, 王博, 朱晓艳, 郭晓洁, 王成章, 李德锋. 21个粮饲兼用型青贮玉米在河南的品种比较试验[J]. 草业学报, 2019, 28(8): 49-60.

LIU Xiao, WANG Bo, ZHU Xiao-yan, GUO Xiao-jie, WANG Cheng-zhang, LI De-feng. A comparison of 21 varieties of silage maize in Henan Province[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2019, 28(8): 49-60.

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