秸秆覆盖量对旱地小麦结实期抗氧化性的影响

doi:10.11686/cyxb2018786

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了阐明秸秆覆盖对小麦结实期活性氧代谢的影响,筛选适宜豫西旱地小麦高产栽培的秸秆覆盖量。以豫麦49-198为材料,采用大田试验,设置5个秸秆覆盖量[不覆盖为对照(Ⅰ)、2000(Ⅱ), 4000(Ⅲ), 6000(Ⅳ)和 8000 kg·hm^-2(Ⅴ)],研究了小麦抽穗期后不同时间(0、10和20 d)旗叶主要活性氧、抗氧化酶、抗氧化物质、渗透调节物质和产量的变化。结果表明,与对照相比,秸秆覆盖降低了抽穗后小麦旗叶超氧阴离子($O^{-·}_{2}$)、过氧化氢(H₂O₂)和丙二醛(MDA)含量,处理Ⅳ降幅最大,抽穗后20 d,两年分别比对照平均下降了43.0%、32.2%和30.4%;增加了可溶性糖、氨基酸、谷胱甘肽(GSH)和抗坏血酸(AsA)含量以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性,处理Ⅳ增幅最大,抽穗后20 d,两年分别比对照平均增加了28.3%、120.5%、110.5%、11.6%、44.7%、47.6%和57.5%;Ⅳ处理的各测定指标均优于其他覆盖处理且与对照差异显著。在一定秸秆覆盖量范围内(2000~6000 kg·hm^-2)各测定指标随覆盖量而增幅(降幅)明显,但覆盖量超过一定水平后,各指标增幅(降幅)不明显。试验表明,适量的秸秆覆盖能够提高活性氧清除能力,减缓活性氧积累,增加小麦产量;在豫西旱地生态条件下,6000 kg·hm^-2为最佳秸秆覆盖量。

关键词: 小麦, 秸秆覆盖, 旱地, 抗氧化性

Abstract: The aim of this study was to elucidate the effects of straw mulching on active oxygen metabolism in wheat at the grain-filling stage. The overall aim of this research is to identify the most suitable straw mulching method for high-yield dryland cultivation of wheat in Western Henan Province. The wheat variety Yumai 49-198 was used as the experimental material, and was mulched with straw at five different rates [no mulching as the control (I), and 2000 (II), 4000 (III), 6000 (IV) and 8000 kg·ha^-1 (V)]. We determined the reactive oxygen species content in the flag leaf, antioxidant enzyme activity, contents of antioxidant compounds and osmotic regulators, and yield at different times (0, 10, and 20 days) after the heading stage of wheat. It was found that straw mulching decreased the contents of the superoxide free radical ($O^{-·}_{2}$), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the flag leaves of wheat after heading. Treatment IV had the strongest effect; at 20 days after heading, the 2-year average decrease in $O^{-·}_{2}$, H₂O₂, and MDA contents were 43.0%, 32.2%, and 30.4%, respectively, compared with the control. The contents of soluble sugars, amino acids, glutathione, and ascorbic acid, and the activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase were increased by mulching; the highest 2-year average increases in these indexes were in treatment IV (28.3%, 120.5%, 110.5%, 11.6%, 44.7%, 47.6%, and 57.5%, respectively, compared with the control). The values of these indexes were higher in treatment IV than in the other mulching treatments, and differed significantly from the control. Within a certain range of straw mulching (2000-6000 kg·ha^-1), the increase or decrease in each index was proportional to the amount of mulching, but this relationship was less clear when the quantity of mulch exceeded a certain level. The results showed that an appropriate amount of straw mulch could improve the ability of wheat to scavenge reactive oxygen species, reduce the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, and increase yield. For wheat cultivated in the dryland ecological conditions of Western Henan, the best results were obtained by applying straw mulch at 6000 kg·ha^-1.

Key words: wheat, straw mulching, dryland, oxidation resistance

王贺正, 黄明, 张均, 马超, 吴金芝, 李友军, 陈明灿, 付国占. 秸秆覆盖量对旱地小麦结实期抗氧化性的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2019, 28(11): 96-104.

WANG He-zheng, HUANG Ming, ZHANG Jun, MA Chao, WU Jin-zhi, LI You-jun, CHEN Ming-can, FU Guo-zhan. Effects of different quantities of straw mulch on oxidation resistance of dryland wheat at the grain-filling stage[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2019, 28(11): 96-104.

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