不同杀菌剂对旱地连作马铃薯土壤水分效应、微生物和产量的影响

doi:10.11686/cyxb2018397

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 马铃薯效益高和集约化种植致使甘肃马铃薯的连作障碍问题日趋严重。如何克服连作障碍成为当地马铃薯产业发展主要关注的问题。在连续4年种植马铃薯的田地上设置施用恶霉灵、五氯硝基苯、哈茨木霉菌、土壤改良剂和对照(常规种植)5个处理的大田试验,通过测定土壤含水量、土壤微生物量、产量、调查疫情,计算土壤贮水量、耗水量、水分利用效率、发病率、病情指数等,以期筛选出缓解当地马铃薯连作障碍有效措施。结果表明,恶霉灵和哈茨木霉菌处理耕作层土壤细菌与真菌比值分别比对照显著提高183.50%和331.24%;早疫病病情指数分别比对照显著降低80.33%和58.93%;晚疫病病情指数分别比对照显著降低62.74%和56.88%;马铃薯水分利用效率分别比对照显著提高31.80%和27.15%;经济产量分别比对照显著提高24.10%和22.25%。在马铃薯长期连作田使用土壤消毒剂恶霉灵和哈茨木霉菌,能显著改善土壤微生物数量,提高土壤细菌和真菌比,使土壤微生物由“真菌型”向“细菌型”转化,减轻马铃薯病害,提高旱地马铃薯水分利用效率,提高土壤含水量,提高马铃薯产量。

关键词: 连作, 病害, 土壤微生物, 土壤水分效应, 旱地

Abstract: There is a practice of intensive, continuous cultivation of potato in Gansu province due to a high demand and good economic returns to growers. Under continuous cultivation, growers have experienced reduced tuber yield, reduced soil microbial community health, and an increased incidence of blight disease. To investigate ways to overcome these problems, an experiment was conducted on a potato field continuously cropped for 4 years, to assess the effect of different soil amendment measures on soil water relationships, microbial community structure and incidence of blight disease and tuber yield. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Five soil amendment treatments were tested: oxalazine, pentachloronitro benzene, Trichoderma harzianum, microbial soil amendment and conventional practice (control). It was found that T. harzianum and oxalazine treatments significantly increased the bacteria ratio. The oxalazine treatment had the lowest (P<0.05) incidence of early and late blight disease, and the highest water use efficiency, compared with other treatments. Economic yield of potatoes increased by 22.3% and 24.1% in T. harzianum and oxalazine treatments, respectively, when compared to the control. In summary, the use of the oxalazine and T. harzianum in a continuously cropped potato field improved soil microbial biomass, increased soil bacteria∶fungi ratio, reduced the incidence of blight, improved water use efficiency, increased soil water content, and improved the tuber yield of potatoes in dry land cultivation.

Key words: continuous cropping, disease, soil microorganism, soil water effect, dry land

谢奎忠, 胡新元, 张彤彤, 邱慧珍. 不同杀菌剂对旱地连作马铃薯土壤水分效应、微生物和产量的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2019, 28(7): 103-111.

XIE Kui-zhong, HU Xin-yuan, ZHANG Tong-tong, QIU Hui-zhen. Effects of different soil amendment measures on soil water relations, microbial community structure and yield in potato continuous cropping in dry land[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2019, 28(7): 103-111.

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