宁夏盐池县沙化草地土壤团聚体分异特征

doi:10.11686/cyxb2019419

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以宁夏盐池县哈巴湖自然保护区不同沙化程度的荒漠草原为对象,研究潜在、轻度、中度和重度沙化草地0~40 cm土壤机械稳定性和水稳定性团聚体的粒径分布,并通过团聚体破坏率、平均重量直径(MWD)、几何平均直径(GMD)和分形维数等指标分析不同沙化类型草地土壤团聚体稳定性特征。结果表明:各沙化类型草地0~20 cm土层机械稳定性团聚体和0~40 cm土层水稳性团聚体均以<0.25 mm微团聚体为主,分布范围分别为45.78%~88.36%和48.05%~97.79%。随草地沙化程度的加重,0~40 cm各土层<0.25 mm机械稳定性和水稳性微团聚体含量、团聚体破坏率、分形维数及侵蚀因子总体呈增加的趋势,MWD和GMD则逐渐降低,土壤结构趋于不稳定。从剖面变化看,随土层的加深,土壤稳定性增加,尤其是潜在和轻度沙化草地,表明该区域土地沙化主要发生在0~20 cm浅层土壤。土壤团聚体稳定性与有机碳、全氮含量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与黏粉粒呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与土壤容重呈极显著负相关(P<0.01)。伴随着盐池县草地沙化过程中土壤细颗粒的吹蚀和碳氮等养分的搬运,土壤结构分散,物理稳定性降低。

关键词: 沙化草地, 机械稳定性团聚体, 水稳性团聚体, 团聚体稳定性

Abstract: This study evaluated the particle size distributions of mechanically stable and water stable aggregates in the 0-40 cm soil depth in different categories of desert steppe grassland in the Haba Lake Nature Reserve in Yanchi County, Ningxia. Potentially desertified grassland, lightly desertified grassland, moderately desertified grassland and severely desertified grassland were studied. The stability characteristics of soil aggregates were evaluated using aggregate destruction rate (PAD), mean weight diameter (MWD), geometric mean diameter (GMD), fractal dimension and soil erosion factor data. It was found that the mechanically stable aggregates in the 0-20 cm soil layer and the water stable aggregates in the 0-40 cm soil depth of each grassland desertification category were dominated by <0.25 mm micro-aggregates with the percentage of these being 45.78%-88.36% and 48.05%-97.79% respectively. The <0.25 mm mechanically stable and water stable micro-aggregate contents, PAD, fractal dimension and erosion factor in the 0-40 cm soil depth all increased with increasing grassland desertification, while the MWD and GMD gradually decreased, and the soil structure was variable. The soil stability increased with depth in the soil profile, especially in the potentially and lightly desertified grassland, which indicated that the land desertification in this grassland mainly occurs in the upper 20 cm of the soil profile. The stability of soil aggregates was positively correlated with organic carbon content, total nitrogen content (P<0.01), and silt and clay particles (P<0.05), and negatively correlated with soil bulk density (P<0.01). With the erosion of fine soil particles and transportation of nutrients such as carbon and nitrogen in the process of grassland desertification in Yanchi County, soil structure and physical stability is reduced.

Key words: desertification grassland, mechanical stable aggregates, water stable aggregates, aggregate stability

马晓静, 郭艳菊, 张嘉玉, 许爱云, 刘金龙, 许冬梅. 宁夏盐池县沙化草地土壤团聚体分异特征[J]. 草业学报, 2020, 29(3): 27-37.

MA Xiao-jing, GUO Yan-ju, ZHANG Jia-yu, XU Ai-yun, LIU Jin-long, XU Dong-mei. Size distribution of soil aggregates in different grassland desertification categories in Yanchi County, Ningxia[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2020, 29(3): 27-37.

参考文献

[1] Jia S Z, Peng B, Huang X H, et al. Analysis of desertification land patterns in Fengning County based on GIS. Forestry and Ecological Sciences, 2018, 33(2): 121-128.
贾双竹, 彭博, 黄晓晗, 等. 基于GIS的丰宁县沙化土地格局分析. 林业与生态科学, 2018, 33(2): 121-128.
[2] Bronick C J, Lal R.Soil structure and management: A review. Geoderma, 2005, 124(1/2): 3-22.
[3] Fan R Q, Liang A Z, Yang X M, et al. Effects of tillage on soil aggregates in black soils in Northeast China. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2010, 43(18): 3767-3775.
范如芹, 梁爱珍, 杨学明, 等. 耕作方式对黑土团聚体含量及特征的影响. 中国农业科学, 2010, 43(18): 3767-3775.
[4] Zhao H, Yuan P M, Lü Y Z, et al. Effects of organic manure application on stability of soil aggregates. Soils, 2011, 43(2): 306-311.
赵红, 袁培民, 吕贻忠, 等. 施用有机肥对土壤团聚体稳定性的影响. 土壤, 2011, 43(2): 306-311.
[5] Tang J, Dang T H, Xue J, et al. Effects of vegetation restoration on soil aggregate characteristics of an opencast coal mine dump in the loess area. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2016, 36(16): 5067-5077.
唐骏, 党廷辉, 薛江, 等. 植被恢复对黄土区煤矿排土场土壤团聚体特征的影响. 生态学报, 2016, 36(16): 5067-5077.
[6] Chen F, Wang S, Wu X L, et al. Structural characteristics and infiltration performance analysis for zonal soils under different erosion degrees. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2014, 30(22): 137-146.
陈芳, 王硕, 吴新亮, 等. 不同侵蚀程度下地带性土壤的结构及渗透性能分析. 农业工程学报, 2014, 30(22): 137-146.
[7] Mao S H, Xie Y Z, Xu D M.Impact of grassland desertification on vegetation and soil properties in Yanchi County of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation, 2014, 34(1): 34-39.
毛思慧, 谢应忠, 许冬梅. 宁夏盐池县草地沙化对植被与土壤特征的影响. 水土保持通报, 2014, 34(1): 34-39.
[8] Li X, Li C, Jiang J P, et al. Soil characteristics of different desertification grasslands in Yanchi County. Pratacultural Science, 2013, 30(11): 1704-1709.
李侠, 李潮, 蒋进平, 等. 盐池县不同沙化草地土壤特性. 草业科学, 2013, 30(11): 1704-1709.
[9] Xu D M, Liu C F, Xie Y Z, et al. Changes of soil properties during sandy desertification for grassland in Yanchi County. Research of Soil and Water Conservation, 2009, 16(4): 85-88.
许冬梅, 刘彩凤, 谢应忠, 等. 盐池县草地沙化演替过程中土壤理化特性的变化. 水土保持研究, 2009, 16(4): 85-88.
[10] Qiu K Y, Xie Y Z, Xu D M, et al. Spatial pattern of soil moisture and vegetation attributes along the critical area of desertification in Southern Mu Us Sandy Land. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2011, 31(10): 2697-2707.
邱开阳, 谢应忠, 许冬梅, 等. 毛乌素沙地南缘沙漠化临界区域土壤水分和植被空间格局. 生态学报, 2011, 31(10): 2697-2707.
[11] State Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine. National standard of the People’s Republic of China (GB 19377-2003): Classification standard for degradation, desertification and salinization of natural grassland. Beijing: China Standard Press, 2003.
国家质量监督检验检疫总局. 中华人民共和国国家标准(GB 19377-2003): 天然草地退化、沙化、盐渍化的分级标准. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2003.
[12] Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Soil physical and chemical analysis. Shanghai: Shanghai Science and Technology Press, 1978.
中国科学院南京土壤研究所. 土壤理化分析. 上海: 上海科技出版社, 1978.
[13] Zhao J S, Chen S, Hu R G, et al. Aggregate stability and size distribution of red soils under different land uses integrally regulated by soil organic matter, and iron and aluminum oxides. Soil & Tillage Research, 2017, 167: 73-79.
[14] Yang P L, Luo Y P, Shi Y C.Fractal characteristics of soil characterized by particle size distribution. Chinese Science Bulletin, 1993, 38(20): 1896-1899.
杨培岭, 罗远培, 石元春. 用粒径的重量分布表征的土壤分形特征. 科学通报, 1993, 38(20): 1896-1899.
[15] Ye L P, Tan W F, Fang L C, et al. Spatial analysis of soil aggregate stability in a small catchment of the Loess Plateau, China: I. Spatial variability. Soil & Tillage Research, 2018, 179: 71-81.
[16] Song L P, Luo Z Z, Li L L, et al. Effect of lucerne-crop rotations on soil physical properties in the semi-arid Loess Plateau of Central Gansu. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2015, 24(7): 12-20.
宋丽萍, 罗珠珠, 李玲玲, 等. 陇中黄土高原半干旱区苜蓿-作物轮作对土壤物理性质的影响. 草业学报, 2015, 24(7): 12-20.
[17] Wang Y H, Geng Y H, Huang Z H.Composition and fractal features of purple soil aggregates during the vegetation restoration processes in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2013, 33(18): 5493-5499.
王轶浩, 耿养会, 黄仲华. 三峡库区紫色土植被恢复过程的土壤团粒组成及分形特征. 生态学报, 2013, 33(18): 5493-5499.
[18] Six J, Elliot E T, Paustian K.Soil structure and soil organic matter: Ⅱ. A normalized stability index and the effect of mineralogy. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 2000, 64(3): 1042.
[19] Liu Z L, Yu W T.Review of researches on soil aggregate and soil organic carbon. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2011, 19(2): 447-455.
刘中良, 宇万太. 土壤团聚体中有机碳研究进展. 中国生态农业学报, 2011, 19(2): 447-455.
[20] Cheng H, Gong Y B, Fu Y X, et al. Soil aggregate stability and characteristics of organic carbon components in three forests of the southwest edge of Sichuan Basin. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2018, 32(5): 109-115.
程欢, 宫渊波, 付雨欣, 等. 四川盆地西南缘不同林分类型土壤团聚体稳定性及有机碳组分特征. 水土保持学报, 2018, 32(5): 109-115.
[21] Su F L, Zhao G H, Wang T L, et al. Characteristics of surface soil macro aggregates under different land use patterns. Pratacultural Science, 2017, 34(5): 924-931.
苏芳莉, 赵光辉, 王铁良, 等. 不同土地利用方式下表层土壤大团聚体特征. 草业科学, 2017, 34(5): 924-931.
[22] Zhang Q, Yu E J, Lin H B, et al. Distribution and stability of aggregate affected by continuous different green manures cultivation. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2018, 39(9): 1708-1717.
张钦, 于恩江, 林海波, 等. 连续种植不同绿肥作物的土壤团聚体空间分布及稳定性特征. 热带作物学报, 2018, 39(9): 1708-1717.
[23] Totsche K U, Amelung W, Gerzabek M H, et al. Microaggregates in soils. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 2018, 181(1): 1-33.
[24] Chen Q J, Zhang N N, Zhong B, et al. Change of soil nutrient and aggregate structure during the desertification process of grassland in Zoige. Ecological Science, 2019, 38(4): 13-20.
陈秋捷, 张楠楠, 仲波, 等. 若尔盖高寒草地退化过程中土壤养分与团聚体结构的变化特征. 生态科学, 2019, 38(4): 13-20.
[25] Chen Z F, Shi D M, Xie J Q, et al. Aggregate stability of purple soil and its impacts on soil erosion of slope dry land. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2011, 44(13): 2712-2729.
陈正发, 史东梅, 谢均强, 等. 紫色土旱坡地土壤团聚体稳定性特征对侵蚀过程的影响. 中国农业科学, 2011, 44(13): 2721-2729.
[26] Colazo J C, Buschiazzo D E.Soil dry aggregate stability and wind erodible fraction in a semiarid environment of Argentina. Geoderma, 2010, 159(1/2): 228-236.
[27] Bryan R B.Soil erodibility and processes of water erosion on hillslope. Geomorphology, 2000, 32(3/4): 385-415.
[28] Liang B, Nie X G, Wan D, et al. Impacts of forest typical of the Southern Piedmont of the Himalaya Mountains on soil physicochemical properties and erodibility K. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2018, 55(6): 1377-1388.
梁博, 聂晓刚, 万丹, 等. 喜马拉雅山脉南麓典型林地对土壤理化性质及可蚀性K值影响. 土壤学报, 2018, 55(6): 1377-1388.
[29] Jiang R T, Li F C, Shen S T.Effects of different age of alpine desertification land planted branchy tamarisk on soil aggregates and organic carbon in Northwestern Sichuan. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2018, 32(1): 197-203.
江仁涛, 李富程, 沈凇涛. 不同年限红柳恢复川西北高寒沙地对土壤团聚体和有机碳的影响. 水土保持学报, 2018, 32(1): 197-203.
[30] Young I M, Crawford J W, Rappoldt C.New methods and models for characterizing structural heterogeneity of soil. Soil & Tillage Research, 2001, 61(1/2): 33-45.
[31] Zhang B H, Liu Z T, He Y R, et al. Relationship between soil aggregates and water content within low suctions studied by using the fractal dimension. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 2006, 37(5): 857-860.
张保华, 刘子亭, 何毓蓉, 等. 应用分形维数研究土壤团聚体与低吸力段持水性的关系. 土壤通报, 2006, 37(5): 857-860.
[32] Dong L L.Characteristics of soil water stable aggregates under different land-use types. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2011, 47(4): 95-100.
董莉丽. 不同土地利用类型下土壤水稳性团聚体的特征. 林业科学, 2011, 47(4): 95-100.
[33] Ning L D, Shi H, Zhou H J, et al. Quantitative characteristics of soil aggregates under different vegetations in upper reach of Minjiang River. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2005, (8): 1405-1410.
宁丽丹, 石辉, 周海军, 等. 岷江上游不同植被下土壤团聚体特征分析. 应用生态学报, 2005, (8): 1405-1410.
[34] Lu J, Zheng F L, An J, et al. An experimental study of mollisol aggregate loss characteristics during rainfall erosion processes. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2016, 36(8): 2264-2273.
卢嘉, 郑粉莉, 安娟, 等. 降雨侵蚀过程中黑土团聚体流失特征. 生态学报, 2016, 36(8): 2264-2273.
[35] Chen G J, Cai J J, Ma F, et al. Effects of typical forest and grass vegetation structure on soil water-stable aggregates in Hilly Loess Plateau of Ningxia Province. Research of Soil and Water Conservation, 2018, 25(5): 49-53, 60.
陈国靖, 蔡进军, 马璠, 等. 宁夏黄土丘陵区典型林草植被类型对土壤水稳性团聚体的影响. 水土保持研究, 2018, 25(5): 49-53, 60.
[36] Xu Y D, Wang J K, Wang S Y, et al. Effects of maize residue decomposition on aggregate composition and organic carbon distribution of different fertilities brown soils. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2018, 26(7): 1029-1037.
徐英德, 汪景宽, 王思引, 等. 玉米残体分解对不同肥力棕壤团聚体组成及有机碳分布的影响. 中国生态农业学报, 2018, 26(7): 1029-1037.
[37] Jiang C Y, Liu P, Liu M, et al. Dynamics of aggregates composition and C, N distribution in rhizosphere of rice plants in red paddy soils different in soil fertility. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2017, 54(1): 138-149.
江春玉, 刘萍, 刘明, 等. 不同肥力红壤水稻土根际团聚体组成和碳氮分布动态. 土壤学报, 2017, 54(1): 138-149.
[38] Li W, Zheng Z C, Li T X.Ecological stoichiometry of soil carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus within soil aggregates in tea plantations with different ages. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2015, 26(1): 9-16.
李玮, 郑子成, 李廷轩. 不同植茶年限土壤团聚体碳氮磷生态化学计量学特征. 应用生态学报, 2015, 26(1): 9-16.
[39] Bai X M, Han Y Z, Guo H Q.Characteristic of soil macroaggregates under typical forests in Pangquangou Nature Reserve. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2014, 34(7): 1654-1662.
白秀梅, 韩有志, 郭汉清. 庞泉沟自然保护区典型森林土壤大团聚体特征. 生态学报, 2014, 34(7): 1654-1662.