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草业学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (7): 179-189.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2020267

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禾草-内生真菌人工接种技术研究进展

李春杰(), 郎鸣晓, 陈振江, 王正凤, 陈泰祥   

  1. 兰州大学草地农业生态系统国家重点实验室,兰州大学农业农村部草牧业创新重点实验室,兰州大学草地农业教育部工程研究中心,兰州大学甘肃省西部草业技术创新中心,兰州大学草地微生物研究中心,兰州大学草地农业科技学院,甘肃 兰州 730020
  • 收稿日期:2020-06-08 修回日期:2020-07-16 出版日期:2021-07-20 发布日期:2021-06-03
  • 通讯作者: 李春杰
  • 作者简介:李春杰(1968-),男,甘肃镇原人,教授,博士。E-mail: chunjie@lzu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家973项目(2017CB138702);国家自然科学基金(31971756);中央高校基本科研业务费项目(LZUJBKY-2020-kb10);111引智基地(B12002)

Advances in artificial inoculation technology for grass-endophytic fungi

Chun-jie LI(), Ming-xiao LANG, Zhen-jiang CHEN, Zheng-feng WANG, Tai-xiang CHEN   

  1. Key Laboratory of Grassland Agricultural Ecosystem,Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation,Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry,Ministry of Education,Gansu Technology Innovation Center for Western China Grassland Industry,Center for Grassland Microbiome,College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730020,China
  • Received:2020-06-08 Revised:2020-07-16 Online:2021-07-20 Published:2021-06-03
  • Contact: Chun-jie LI

摘要:

内生真菌侵染禾草既可提高宿主植物在群落中的竞争力,又可引起家畜中毒, 因其特殊的双重特性而受到国内外学术界的广泛关注。由于禾草内生真菌具有宿主特异性使其资源的利用开发受到限制。随着分子生物学和基因组学的发展与应用,越来越多优良的内生真菌被发现,禾草组织培养再生体系也已逐步建立,对禾草内生真菌人工接种技术的传统方法有一定程度的改进。筛选具有优良特性的内生真菌菌株,通过人工接种的方法建立既对家畜无毒又能提高宿主品质及抗性的共生体是当前和今后研究的方向与热点。对现有的禾草内生真菌人工接种技术进行了综述,发现目前主要的接种方法有:无菌苗接种法、注射接种法、愈伤组织接种法、种子接种法和成株接种法。其中无菌苗接种法技术趋于成熟而应用广泛,但该方法与注射接种法均对植物有所伤害,增加了幼苗死亡率;愈伤组织接种法潜在成功率较高,但目前成熟的组织培养再生体系建立不完全而应用较少;种子切口接种法是新的接种方法的尝试,该方法操作简便,但目前并无成功接入的范例;种子浸菌接种法对植物组织造成的物理伤害小,幼苗存活率高,能够有效提高接种成功率。通过对现有人工接种技术的研究与探讨,以期借鉴开发其他微生物人工接种方法,同时探索新的接种成功率更高、相容性更好的接种手段,拓展内生真菌在禾草的共生范围,获得更多具有优良性状的共生体。

关键词: 禾草内生真菌, 人工接种, 无菌苗接种法, 注射接种法, 种子接种法, 愈伤组织接种法, 成株接种法

Abstract:

Epichloё fungal endophytes of grasses not only improve the competitiveness of the host plants in plant communities, but also cause toxicoses in livestock. These dual effects have attracted widespread scientific attention both domestically in China and internationally. However, the use of Epichloё endophyte as a resource is limited due to its host-specificity. With the development and application of molecular biology and genomics, more and more novel endophytes have been discovered. Meanwhile, grass tissue culture regeneration systems have been developed and established. These points of progress have supplemented the traditional methods of artificial inoculation of grass endophytes to some extent. Screening endophytes with excellent characteristics, then establishing symbionts that are non-toxic to livestock and thereby improving host quality as a livestock feed, and resistance to biotic and abiotic stress through artificial inoculation, are the research directions and hotspots in the present and future. This study reviewed the existing techniques for artificial inoculation of endophytes in grasses, and found that the main inoculation methods currently are: Sterile seedling inoculation, injection inoculation, seed inoculation, callus inoculation, and adult plant inoculation. Among these, the sterile seedling inoculation method is widely used and the technique is becoming well adopted, but this method and injection inoculation are harmful to plants and increase seedling mortality. The potential success rate of the callus inoculation method is high, however the procedures for mature tissue culture regeneration are currently still developing, hence this method is less used. The seed slit inoculation method is an attempt at a new inoculation method; This method is simple and easy to operate, but there is no successful example. The seed soaking inoculation method causes little physical damage to plant tissues, so the seedling survival rate is high, which can effectively improve the success rate of inoculation. Through research and exploration of existing artificial inoculation techniques, it should be possible to develop the artificial inoculation methods for use with other microorganisms, and at the same time explore new inoculation methods with higher success rate and better compatibility, to broaden the range of symbiotic endophytes available for use in grasses, and so obtain more symbionts with better traits.

Key words: grass fungal endophyte, artificial inoculation, sterile seedling inoculation method, injection inoculation method, seed inoculation method, callus inoculation method, adult plant inoculation method