草业学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (12): 17-26.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2020309
刘亚红(), 石磊, 常虹, 谢宇, 维拉, 孙海莲(), 翟琇()
收稿日期:
2020-06-30
修回日期:
2021-01-07
出版日期:
2021-11-11
发布日期:
2021-11-11
通讯作者:
孙海莲,翟琇
作者简介:
Corresponding author. E-mail: sunlian1053@qq.com, nmytzx@163.com基金资助:
Ya-hong LIU(), Lei SHI, Hong CHANG, Yu XIE, La WEI, Hai-lian SUN(), Xiu ZHAI()
Received:
2020-06-30
Revised:
2021-01-07
Online:
2021-11-11
Published:
2021-11-11
Contact:
Hai-lian SUN,Xiu ZHAI
摘要:
在自然因素和人类活动的共同作用下,生态系统格局和质量都发生变化,而生态系统格局和质量的变化直接影响生态系统服务和人类福祉。锡林郭勒盟位于内蒙古中部地区,是京津冀地区的重要生态安全屏障,也是主要的畜产品供应地,研究锡林郭勒盟生态格局演变及驱动因素对于构建内蒙古北方生态安全屏障有重要意义。本研究利用遥感影像,通过分析2000和2015年生态系统类型和质量的变化,探讨资源开发、城市化发展、政策实施等多重因素对生态系统格局演变的作用。研究结果表明: 2000-2015年间锡林郭勒盟生态系统质量整体好转,草地生态系统质量中东部地区提高最为明显;草地、灌丛、城镇、裸地、湿地、森林、矿区面积有所增加,农田、沙地、水域面积有所减少;锡林郭勒盟生态系统格局和质量受到人为和自然因素的共同影响,其中,与降水正相关,与温度负相关。GDP与采矿用地显著正相关,退耕还草政策促使农田向草原转移。
刘亚红, 石磊, 常虹, 谢宇, 维拉, 孙海莲, 翟琇. 锡林郭勒盟生态系统格局演变及驱动因素分析[J]. 草业学报, 2021, 30(12): 17-26.
Ya-hong LIU, Lei SHI, Hong CHANG, Yu XIE, La WEI, Hai-lian SUN, Xiu ZHAI. Analysis of driving factors that influence the pattern and quality of the ecosystem in Xilingol League[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2021, 30(12): 17-26.
生态系统类型 Ecosystem classification | 面积 Area (hm2) | 比例 Ratio (%) | 二级分类 Classification Ⅱ | 面积 Area (hm2) | 比例 Ratio (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
草地生态系统Grassland ecosystem | 17287607.71 | 86.15 | 草丛Thick growth of grass | 20.25 | 0.00 |
温性草甸Temperate meadow-steppe type rangeland | 389507.93 | 1.94 | |||
温性草原Temperate steppe type rangeland | 16186899.83 | 80.67 | |||
温性荒漠Temperate steppe-desert type rangeland | 711179.70 | 3.54 | |||
农田生态系统Cultivated ecosystem | 430828.71 | 2.15 | 旱地Dry land | 428602.13 | 2.14 |
园地Garden plot | 2226.58 | 0.01 | |||
灌丛生态系统Shrub ecosystem | 447754.68 | 2.23 | 灌木林Shrubbery | 447754.68 | 2.23 |
城镇生态系统Urban ecosystem | 145519.73 | 0.73 | 建设用地Land for construction | 52206.71 | 0.26 |
交通用地Land for transportation | 93313.03 | 0.47 | |||
沙漠生态系统Desert ecosystem | 507363.79 | 2.53 | 沙漠Desert | 507363.79 | 2.53 |
湿地生态系统Wetland ecosystem | 433867.33 | 2.16 | 湿地Wetland | 433867.33 | 2.16 |
水域生态系统Aquatic ecosystem | 64839.49 | 0.32 | 河流River | 247.10 | 0.00 |
湖泊Lakes | 60918.23 | 0.30 | |||
水库Reservoir | 3674.16 | 0.02 | |||
森林生态系统Forest ecosystem | 133567.01 | 0.67 | 混交林Mingled forest | 8.10 | 0.00 |
阔叶林Broad-leaved forest | 110358.06 | 0.55 | |||
疏林地Opening | 296.42 | 0.00 | |||
针叶林Coniferous forest | 22904.43 | 0.11 | |||
采矿用地Mining lease | 28195.14 | 0.14 | 采矿用地Mining | 28195.14 | 0.14 |
裸地Bare land | 161834.85 | 0.81 | 裸地Bare land | 161834.85 | 0.81 |
其他Others | 424059.54 | 2.11 | 其他Other | 58216.63 | 0.29 |
草本绿地Herbaceous land | 347.49 | 0.00 | |||
盐碱地Saline-alkali soil | 365495.42 | 1.82 | |||
合计Total | 20065437.99 | 20065437.99 |
表1 2015年锡林郭勒盟生态系统构成
Table 1 The composition of Xilingol League ecosystem in 2015
生态系统类型 Ecosystem classification | 面积 Area (hm2) | 比例 Ratio (%) | 二级分类 Classification Ⅱ | 面积 Area (hm2) | 比例 Ratio (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
草地生态系统Grassland ecosystem | 17287607.71 | 86.15 | 草丛Thick growth of grass | 20.25 | 0.00 |
温性草甸Temperate meadow-steppe type rangeland | 389507.93 | 1.94 | |||
温性草原Temperate steppe type rangeland | 16186899.83 | 80.67 | |||
温性荒漠Temperate steppe-desert type rangeland | 711179.70 | 3.54 | |||
农田生态系统Cultivated ecosystem | 430828.71 | 2.15 | 旱地Dry land | 428602.13 | 2.14 |
园地Garden plot | 2226.58 | 0.01 | |||
灌丛生态系统Shrub ecosystem | 447754.68 | 2.23 | 灌木林Shrubbery | 447754.68 | 2.23 |
城镇生态系统Urban ecosystem | 145519.73 | 0.73 | 建设用地Land for construction | 52206.71 | 0.26 |
交通用地Land for transportation | 93313.03 | 0.47 | |||
沙漠生态系统Desert ecosystem | 507363.79 | 2.53 | 沙漠Desert | 507363.79 | 2.53 |
湿地生态系统Wetland ecosystem | 433867.33 | 2.16 | 湿地Wetland | 433867.33 | 2.16 |
水域生态系统Aquatic ecosystem | 64839.49 | 0.32 | 河流River | 247.10 | 0.00 |
湖泊Lakes | 60918.23 | 0.30 | |||
水库Reservoir | 3674.16 | 0.02 | |||
森林生态系统Forest ecosystem | 133567.01 | 0.67 | 混交林Mingled forest | 8.10 | 0.00 |
阔叶林Broad-leaved forest | 110358.06 | 0.55 | |||
疏林地Opening | 296.42 | 0.00 | |||
针叶林Coniferous forest | 22904.43 | 0.11 | |||
采矿用地Mining lease | 28195.14 | 0.14 | 采矿用地Mining | 28195.14 | 0.14 |
裸地Bare land | 161834.85 | 0.81 | 裸地Bare land | 161834.85 | 0.81 |
其他Others | 424059.54 | 2.11 | 其他Other | 58216.63 | 0.29 |
草本绿地Herbaceous land | 347.49 | 0.00 | |||
盐碱地Saline-alkali soil | 365495.42 | 1.82 | |||
合计Total | 20065437.99 | 20065437.99 |
生态系统类型 Ecosystem classification | 面积 Area (hm2) | 占比 Ratio (%) | 变化量 Change amount (hm2) | 变化率 Rate of change (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
草地生态系统Grass ecosystem | 17261610.71 | 86.03 | 25997.00 | 0.15 |
农田生态系统Cultivated ecosystem | 475613.98 | 2.37 | -44785.27 | -10.40 |
灌丛生态系统Shrub ecosystem | 439888.29 | 2.19 | 7866.40 | 1.76 |
城镇生态系统Urban ecosystem | 117785.99 | 0.59 | 27733.75 | 19.06 |
沙漠生态系统Desert ecosystem | 520264.10 | 2.59 | -12900.31 | -2.54 |
湿地生态系统Wetland ecosystem | 429465.50 | 2.14 | 4401.83 | 1.01 |
水域生态系统Aquatic ecosystem | 128033.08 | 0.64 | -63193.59 | -97.46 |
森林生态系统Forest ecosystem | 132301.91 | 0.66 | 1265.10 | 0.95 |
采矿用地Mining lease | 8487.32 | 0.04 | 19707.82 | 69.90 |
裸地Bare land | 161280.00 | 0.80 | 554.85 | 0.34 |
其他Others | 390707.12 | 1.95 | 33352.42 | 7.87 |
表2 2000年锡林郭勒盟生态系统类型面积构成及变化
Table 2 The composition of changes of ecosystem types of Xilingol League in 2000
生态系统类型 Ecosystem classification | 面积 Area (hm2) | 占比 Ratio (%) | 变化量 Change amount (hm2) | 变化率 Rate of change (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
草地生态系统Grass ecosystem | 17261610.71 | 86.03 | 25997.00 | 0.15 |
农田生态系统Cultivated ecosystem | 475613.98 | 2.37 | -44785.27 | -10.40 |
灌丛生态系统Shrub ecosystem | 439888.29 | 2.19 | 7866.40 | 1.76 |
城镇生态系统Urban ecosystem | 117785.99 | 0.59 | 27733.75 | 19.06 |
沙漠生态系统Desert ecosystem | 520264.10 | 2.59 | -12900.31 | -2.54 |
湿地生态系统Wetland ecosystem | 429465.50 | 2.14 | 4401.83 | 1.01 |
水域生态系统Aquatic ecosystem | 128033.08 | 0.64 | -63193.59 | -97.46 |
森林生态系统Forest ecosystem | 132301.91 | 0.66 | 1265.10 | 0.95 |
采矿用地Mining lease | 8487.32 | 0.04 | 19707.82 | 69.90 |
裸地Bare land | 161280.00 | 0.80 | 554.85 | 0.34 |
其他Others | 390707.12 | 1.95 | 33352.42 | 7.87 |
生态系统类型 Ecosystem classification | 草地 Grass | 农田 Cultivated | 灌丛 Shrub | 城镇 Urban | 沙漠 Desert | 湿地 Wetland |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
草地Grass | 17187841.62 | 11435.75 | 5748.25 | 23735.17 | 617.22 | 3339.25 |
农田Cultivated | 51180.79 | 417434.38 | 2988.09 | 2511.42 | 182.25 | |
灌丛Shrub | 456.84 | 369.36 | 437509.32 | 787.32 | 135.27 | 110.16 |
城镇Urbans | 107.73 | 25.92 | 4.86 | 117628.85 | ||
沙漠Deserts | 12949.72 | 392.04 | 11.34 | 506418.52 | 57.51 | |
湿地Wetland | 7067.40 | 1399.68 | 731.43 | 300.51 | 25.11 | 411312.45 |
水域Aquatic | 11118.68 | 21.87 | 217.08 | 147.42 | 144.18 | 12110.31 |
森林Forest | 749.30 | 62.37 | 3.24 | 98.01 | 11.34 | |
采矿用地Mining lease | 28.35 | 23.49 | ||||
裸地Bare land | 2296.35 | 79.38 | 38.88 | 90.72 | 349.11 | |
其他Others | 13810.93 | 98.01 | 208.98 | 12.15 | 6406.29 | |
总计Total (2015) | 17287607.71 | 430828.71 | 447754.68 | 145519.73 | 507363.79 | 433867.33 |
生态系统类型 Ecosystem classification | 水域 Aquatic | 森林 Forest | 采矿用地 Mining lease | 裸地 Bare land | 其他 Others | 总计 Total (2000) |
草地Grass | 2008.80 | 1216.55 | 17309.70 | 2623.59 | 5734.80 | 17261610.71 |
农田Cultivated | 10.53 | 949.32 | 273.78 | 83.43 | 475613.98 | |
灌丛Shrub | 46.98 | 4.86 | 413.10 | 30.78 | 24.30 | 439888.29 |
城镇Urbans | 0.81 | 17.82 | 117785.99 | |||
沙漠Deserts | 4.86 | 18.63 | 370.17 | 15.39 | 25.92 | 520264.10 |
湿地Wetland | 3961.70 | 4.05 | 601.02 | 493.29 | 3568.86 | 429465.50 |
水域Aquatic | 51699.68 | 5.67 | 171.72 | 643.14 | 51753.33 | 128033.08 |
森林Forest | 131366.31 | 11.34 | 132301.91 | |||
采矿用地Mining lease | 1.62 | 0.81 | 8433.05 | 8487.32 | ||
裸地Bare land | 347.49 | 0.81 | 166.05 | 157855.32 | 55.89 | 161280.00 |
其他Others | 6757.02 | 445.21 | 89.91 | 362878.62 | 390707.12 | |
总计Total (2015) | 64839.49 | 133567.01 | 28195.14 | 161834.85 | 424059.54 | 20065437.99 |
表3 2000-2015年锡林郭勒盟生态系统变化转移矩阵分析
Table 3 Types of ecosystem type transfer matrix of Xilingol League in 2000-2015 (hm2)
生态系统类型 Ecosystem classification | 草地 Grass | 农田 Cultivated | 灌丛 Shrub | 城镇 Urban | 沙漠 Desert | 湿地 Wetland |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
草地Grass | 17187841.62 | 11435.75 | 5748.25 | 23735.17 | 617.22 | 3339.25 |
农田Cultivated | 51180.79 | 417434.38 | 2988.09 | 2511.42 | 182.25 | |
灌丛Shrub | 456.84 | 369.36 | 437509.32 | 787.32 | 135.27 | 110.16 |
城镇Urbans | 107.73 | 25.92 | 4.86 | 117628.85 | ||
沙漠Deserts | 12949.72 | 392.04 | 11.34 | 506418.52 | 57.51 | |
湿地Wetland | 7067.40 | 1399.68 | 731.43 | 300.51 | 25.11 | 411312.45 |
水域Aquatic | 11118.68 | 21.87 | 217.08 | 147.42 | 144.18 | 12110.31 |
森林Forest | 749.30 | 62.37 | 3.24 | 98.01 | 11.34 | |
采矿用地Mining lease | 28.35 | 23.49 | ||||
裸地Bare land | 2296.35 | 79.38 | 38.88 | 90.72 | 349.11 | |
其他Others | 13810.93 | 98.01 | 208.98 | 12.15 | 6406.29 | |
总计Total (2015) | 17287607.71 | 430828.71 | 447754.68 | 145519.73 | 507363.79 | 433867.33 |
生态系统类型 Ecosystem classification | 水域 Aquatic | 森林 Forest | 采矿用地 Mining lease | 裸地 Bare land | 其他 Others | 总计 Total (2000) |
草地Grass | 2008.80 | 1216.55 | 17309.70 | 2623.59 | 5734.80 | 17261610.71 |
农田Cultivated | 10.53 | 949.32 | 273.78 | 83.43 | 475613.98 | |
灌丛Shrub | 46.98 | 4.86 | 413.10 | 30.78 | 24.30 | 439888.29 |
城镇Urbans | 0.81 | 17.82 | 117785.99 | |||
沙漠Deserts | 4.86 | 18.63 | 370.17 | 15.39 | 25.92 | 520264.10 |
湿地Wetland | 3961.70 | 4.05 | 601.02 | 493.29 | 3568.86 | 429465.50 |
水域Aquatic | 51699.68 | 5.67 | 171.72 | 643.14 | 51753.33 | 128033.08 |
森林Forest | 131366.31 | 11.34 | 132301.91 | |||
采矿用地Mining lease | 1.62 | 0.81 | 8433.05 | 8487.32 | ||
裸地Bare land | 347.49 | 0.81 | 166.05 | 157855.32 | 55.89 | 161280.00 |
其他Others | 6757.02 | 445.21 | 89.91 | 362878.62 | 390707.12 | |
总计Total (2015) | 64839.49 | 133567.01 | 28195.14 | 161834.85 | 424059.54 | 20065437.99 |
年份 Year | 地区生产总值GDP (×108 CNY) | 一产 The primary industry (×108 CNY) | 二产 Secondary industry (×108 CNY) | 三产 Tertiary industry (×108 CNY) | 人均GDP Per capita GDP (CNY) | 人口 Person (×104) | 人口密度 (Person·km-2) | 城镇化水平 Urbanization level (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2000 | 69.21 | 23.69 | 25.78 | 19.74 | 7490.00 | 90.95 | 4.49 | 35.60 |
2010 | 592.05 | 59.60 | 398.87 | 133.58 | 57727.00 | 102.86 | 5.08 | 47.06 |
2015 | 1000.10 | 105.50 | 611.12 | 283.48 | 96025.00 | 104.26 | 5.15 | 63.87 |
表4 锡林郭勒盟驱动机制的社会经济指标
Table 4 Socioeconomic indicators of the driving mechanism in Xilingol League
年份 Year | 地区生产总值GDP (×108 CNY) | 一产 The primary industry (×108 CNY) | 二产 Secondary industry (×108 CNY) | 三产 Tertiary industry (×108 CNY) | 人均GDP Per capita GDP (CNY) | 人口 Person (×104) | 人口密度 (Person·km-2) | 城镇化水平 Urbanization level (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2000 | 69.21 | 23.69 | 25.78 | 19.74 | 7490.00 | 90.95 | 4.49 | 35.60 |
2010 | 592.05 | 59.60 | 398.87 | 133.58 | 57727.00 | 102.86 | 5.08 | 47.06 |
2015 | 1000.10 | 105.50 | 611.12 | 283.48 | 96025.00 | 104.26 | 5.15 | 63.87 |
生态系统类型 Ecosystem classification | 地区生产 总值 GDP | 人均GDP Per capita GDP | 一产 The primary industry | 二产 Secondary industry | 三产 Tertiary industry | 城镇化水平Urbanization level | 年降水量Mean annual precipitation | 年均温度Mean annual temperature |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
草地生态系统Grass ecosystem | 0.555 | 0.561 | 0.432 | 0.625 | 0.425 | 0.397 | 0.507 | 0.057 |
农田生态系统Cultivated ecosystem | -0.872 | -0.875 | -0.794 | -0.911 | -0.789 | -0.770 | -0.842 | -0.503 |
灌丛生态系统Shrub ecosystem | 0.984 | 0.983 | 0.999* | 0.965 | 1.000* | 1.000** | 0.993 | 0.939 |
城镇生态系统Urban ecosystem | 0.966 | 0.968 | 0.920 | 0.985 | 0.916 | 0.904 | 0.950 | 0.701 |
沙漠生态系统Desert ecosystem | 0.617 | 0.622 | 0.499 | 0.682 | 0.492 | -0.806 | -0.602 | -0.553 |
湿地生态系统Wetland ecosystem | -0.899 | -0.902 | -0.828 | -0.933 | -0.823 | 0.466 | 0.571 | 0.132 |
水域生态系统Aquatic ecosystem | -0.799 | -0.803 | -0.707 | -0.848 | -0.701 | -0.679 | -0.764 | -0.385 |
森林生态系统Forest ecosystem | 0.819 | 0.823 | 0.730 | 0.866 | 0.724 | 0.703 | 0.785 | 0.415 |
采矿用地Mining lease | 0.996 | 0.995 | 0.999* | 0.984 | 0.998* | 0.996 | 0.995 | 0.905 |
表5 生态系统演变与指标相关性分析
Table 5 Correlation analysis between ecosystem evolution and indicators
生态系统类型 Ecosystem classification | 地区生产 总值 GDP | 人均GDP Per capita GDP | 一产 The primary industry | 二产 Secondary industry | 三产 Tertiary industry | 城镇化水平Urbanization level | 年降水量Mean annual precipitation | 年均温度Mean annual temperature |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
草地生态系统Grass ecosystem | 0.555 | 0.561 | 0.432 | 0.625 | 0.425 | 0.397 | 0.507 | 0.057 |
农田生态系统Cultivated ecosystem | -0.872 | -0.875 | -0.794 | -0.911 | -0.789 | -0.770 | -0.842 | -0.503 |
灌丛生态系统Shrub ecosystem | 0.984 | 0.983 | 0.999* | 0.965 | 1.000* | 1.000** | 0.993 | 0.939 |
城镇生态系统Urban ecosystem | 0.966 | 0.968 | 0.920 | 0.985 | 0.916 | 0.904 | 0.950 | 0.701 |
沙漠生态系统Desert ecosystem | 0.617 | 0.622 | 0.499 | 0.682 | 0.492 | -0.806 | -0.602 | -0.553 |
湿地生态系统Wetland ecosystem | -0.899 | -0.902 | -0.828 | -0.933 | -0.823 | 0.466 | 0.571 | 0.132 |
水域生态系统Aquatic ecosystem | -0.799 | -0.803 | -0.707 | -0.848 | -0.701 | -0.679 | -0.764 | -0.385 |
森林生态系统Forest ecosystem | 0.819 | 0.823 | 0.730 | 0.866 | 0.724 | 0.703 | 0.785 | 0.415 |
采矿用地Mining lease | 0.996 | 0.995 | 0.999* | 0.984 | 0.998* | 0.996 | 0.995 | 0.905 |
1 | Lu H T, Huang Q Z, Zhu J Y. Ecosystem type and quality changes in Lhasa river basin and their effects on ecosystem services. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2018, 38(24): 8911-8918. |
卢慧婷, 黄琼中, 朱捷缘. 拉萨河流域生态系统类型和质量变化及其对生态系统服务的影响. 生态学报, 2018, 38(24): 8911-8918. | |
2 | Xiao Y, Ouyang Z Y, Wang L Y. Spatial patterns of ecosystem quality in Inner Mongolia and its driving forces analysis. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2016, 36(19): 6019-6030. |
肖洋, 欧阳志云, 王莉雁. 内蒙古生态系统质量空间特征及其驱动力. 生态学报, 2016, 36(19): 6019-6030. | |
3 | Siteur K, Siero E, Eppinga M B. Beyond turing: The response of patterned ecosystems to environmental change. Ecological Complexity, 2014, 20: 81-96 . |
4 | Li H Z, Liu H Q, Research on change of environment in Ordos by remote sensing. Agriculture and Technology, 2005, 25(5): 68-70. |
李增慧, 刘惠清. 基于遥感的鄂尔多斯农牧交错区生态环境变化研究. 农业与技术, 2005, 25(5): 68-70. | |
5 | Zolch T, Wamsler C, Pauleit S. Integrating the ecosystem-based approach into municipal climate adaptation strategies: The case of Germany. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2018, 170: 966-977. |
6 | Fu B J. Ecosystem service and ecological security. Beijing: Higher Education Press, 2013. |
傅伯杰. 生态系统服务与生态安全. 北京: 高等教育出版社, 2013. | |
7 | Batunacun, Hu Y F, Yan Y. The variation sand its spatial pattern of grassland changes in Xilingol from 1970. Resources Science, 2012, 34(6): 1017-1023. |
巴图娜存, 胡云锋, 艳燕. 1970年代以来锡林郭勒盟草地资源空间分布格局的变化. 资源科学, 2012, 34(6): 1017-1023. | |
8 | Liu J W, Jin T T, Liu G H, et al. Changes in land use and soil and water conservation of the upper and middle reaches of Heihe river basin during 2000-2010. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2014, 34(23): 7013-7025. |
刘金巍, 靳甜甜, 刘国华, 等. 黑河中上游地区2000-2010 年土地利用变化及水土保持服务功能. 生态学报, 2014, 34(23): 7013-7025. | |
9 | Daily G, Postel S, Bawa K S, et al. Nature’s services: Societal dependence on natural ecosystems. Washington DC: Island Press, 1997. |
10 | Ouyang Z Y, Zhang L, Wu B F, et al. An ecosystem classification system based on remote sensor information in China. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2015, 35(2): 219-226. |
欧阳志云, 张路, 吴炳方, 等. 基于遥感技术的全国生态系统分类体系. 生态学报, 2015, 35(2): 219-226. | |
11 | Lu L B. Investigation and evaluation of land ecological status in Ordos City. Hohhot: Inner Mongolia Normal University, 2013. |
鲁丽波. 鄂尔多斯市土地生态状况调查与评估分析. 呼和浩特: 内蒙古师范大学, 2013. | |
12 | Xiao Y. China ecosystem assessment and ecological security database. (2014-11-19) [2017-11-27]. http://www.ecosystem.csdb.cn/. |
肖燚. 中国生态系统评估与生态安全数据库. (2014-11-19) [2017-11-27]. http://www.ecosystem.csdb.cn/. | |
13 | Ouyang Z Y, Xu W H, Xiao Y. Ecosystem pattern, quality, services and evolution in China. Beijing: Science Press, 2016. |
欧阳志云, 徐卫华, 肖燚. 中国生态系统格局、质量、服务与演变. 北京: 科学出版社, 2016. | |
14 | Yang T R, Kuang W H, Liu W D, et al. Optimized layout of ecological spatial structure of Guanzhong urban agglomeration based on ecological security pattern. Geographical Research, 2017, 36(3): 441-452. |
杨天荣, 匡文慧, 刘卫东, 等. 基于生态安全格局的关中城市群生态空间结构优化布局. 地理研究, 2017, 36(3): 441-452. | |
15 | Li W H. Ecosystem service research is the core of ecosystem assessment. Resources Science, 2006, 28(4): 4. |
李文华. 生态系统服务研究是生态系统评估的核心. 资源科学, 2006, 28(4): 4. | |
16 | Dong T, Xiao Y, Zhang L. Changes and driving forces of ecosystem pattern and quality in Ordos City. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2019, 39(2): 660-671. |
董天, 肖洋, 张路. 鄂尔多斯市生态系统格局和质量变化及驱动力. 生态学报, 2019, 39(2): 660-671. | |
17 | Jia B Q, Wang G Z, Ci L J. Regional difference analysis of landscape pattern distribution characteristics: A case study of Ejin Horo Banner in Ordos Plateau. Arid Zone Research, 2003, 20(3): 168-174. |
贾宝全, 王国柱, 慈龙骏. 景观格局分布特征的区域差异分析——以鄂尔多斯高原伊金霍洛旗为例. 干旱区研究, 2003, 20(3): 168-174. | |
18 | Wang J, Li B L, Yu W L. Analysis of vegetation change trend and influencing factors in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in recent 30 years. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 2012, 26(2): 132-138. |
王娟, 李宝林, 余万里. 近30年内蒙古自治区植被变化趋势及影响因素分析. 干旱区资源与环境, 2012, 26(2): 132-138. | |
19 | Liu Y Q, Liao L W, Long H L, et al. Effect of land use transition on ecosystem service value: A case study of Hunan Province. Geographical Research, 2015, 34(4): 691-700. |
刘永强, 廖柳文, 龙花楼, 等. 土地利用转型的生态系统服务价值效应分析: 以湖南省为例. 地理研究, 2015, 34(4): 691-700. | |
20 | Hu C X, Guo X D, Lian G, et al. Impact of land use change on ecosystem service value in the rapidly urbanizing area of Yangtze River Delta: A case study of Jiaxing City. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 2017, 26(3): 333-340. |
虎陈霞, 郭旭东, 连纲, 等. 长三角快速城市化地区土地利用变化对生态系统服务价值的影响: 以嘉兴市为例. 长江流域资源与环境, 2017, 26(3): 333-340. | |
21 | Yu G M, Liu Y, Yan Y, et al. Assessment of soil wind erosion risk in central Inner Mongolia from 2000 to 2008. Geographical Science, 2011, 31(12): 1493-1499. |
于国茂, 刘越, 艳燕, 等. 2000-2008年内蒙古中部地区土壤风蚀危险度评价. 地理科学, 2011, 31(12): 1493-1499. |
[1] | 李元春, 葛静, 侯蒙京, 高宏元, 刘洁, 包旭莹, 殷建鹏, 高金龙, 冯琦胜, 梁天刚. 基于CCI-LC数据的甘南和川西北地区土地覆盖类型时空动态分布及草地面积变化驱动力研究[J]. 草业学报, 2020, 29(3): 1-15. |
[2] | 侯蒙京, 高金龙, 葛静, 李元春, 刘洁, 殷建鹏, 冯琦胜, 梁天刚. 青藏高原东部高寒沼泽湿地动态变化及其驱动因素研究[J]. 草业学报, 2020, 29(1): 13-27. |
[3] | 张海燕, 樊江文, 邵全琴, 张雅娴. 2000-2010年中国退牧还草工程区生态系统宏观结构和质量及其动态变化[J]. 草业学报, 2016, 25(4): 1-15. |
[4] | 杜际增, 王根绪, 李元寿. 近45年长江黄河源区高寒草地退化特征及成因分析[J]. 草业学报, 2015, 24(6): 5-15. |
阅读次数 | ||||||
全文 |
|
|||||
摘要 |
|
|||||