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草业学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (8): 1-12.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2021319

• 研究论文 •    

中国草原干旱灾害风险特征研究

王莺1(), 王健顺2, 张强1   

  1. 1.中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所,甘肃省干旱气候变化与减灾重点实验室,中国气象局干旱气候变化与减灾重点开放实验室,甘肃 兰州 730020
    2.兰州大学大气科学学院,甘肃 兰州 730020
  • 收稿日期:2021-08-25 修回日期:2021-10-21 出版日期:2022-08-20 发布日期:2022-07-01
  • 作者简介:王莺(1984-),女,甘肃兰州人,副研究员,博士。E-mail: wangyn924@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(41630426);甘肃省基础研究创新群体(20JR5RA121);甘肃省自然科学基金(21JR7RA696);中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所创新团队(GHSCXTD-2020-2)

Drought risk status of grassland in China

Ying WANG1(), Jian-shun WANG2, Qiang ZHANG1   

  1. 1.Key Laboratory of Arid Climatic Change and Reducing Disaster of Gansu Province,Key Open Laboratory of Arid Change and Disaster Reduction of CMA,Institute of Arid Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration,Lanzhou 730020,China
    2.College of Atmospheric Sciences,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730020,China
  • Received:2021-08-25 Revised:2021-10-21 Online:2022-08-20 Published:2022-07-01

摘要:

干旱灾害是制约中国草原生产力的首要自然灾害。通过分析草原干旱风险的形成原因,收集气象、土壤、植被、地形地貌等数据,从干旱灾害的致灾因子危险性、承灾体暴露性和敏感性以及孕灾环境脆弱性入手,建立了草原干旱风险评价指标体系。采用熵权法确定各指标权重,构建了干旱风险评价模型。基于地理信息系统(GIS)空间分析功能,对中国草原进行了干旱风险评估与区划。结果表明,中国草原的较高危险区主要位于内蒙古地区、河西走廊、柴达木和塔里木盆地边缘、青藏高原西部以及云南地区。较高暴露区主要位于中国的西南和华南地区。较高敏感区主要位于内蒙古东南部、东北地区、青藏高原南部和东部边坡、塔里木盆地北边缘以及西南地区。较高脆弱区主要分布在内蒙古中部和东部、甘肃河西走廊、新疆北部、青藏高原大部分地区、云南和川东地区。较高干旱风险区主要位于内蒙古东北部、东北西部、宁夏北部、塔里木盆地北边缘、青藏高原南部、云贵高原、河南和山东地区。研究结果可为中国草原的科学抗旱提供基础数据与理论支撑。

关键词: 中国草原, 干旱风险, 评估

Abstract:

Water deficit is the primary natural limitation restricting grassland productivity in China. Drought risk assessment is the core component of risk management. In this paper, by collecting meteorological, soil, vegetation, landform and other data, an assessment model for grassland drought risk in China was constructed after an in-depth analysis of this data. The model established an evaluation index system for drought risk, determined the weight of each index by the entropy weight method, and assessed the level of hazard, degree of exposure, sensitivity, and vulnerability. Based on a GIS spatial analysis function, an assessment and a regionalization analysis of grassland drought risk were then conducted for China. It was found that the high and sub-high drought-risk areas for grassland in China are mainly located in Inner Mongolia, the Hexi Corridor, the Qaidam and Tarim Basins, the western Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and Yunnan. The high and sub-high drought exposure areas are mainly located in Southwest China and South China. The high and sub-high sensitive areas are mainly located in the southeast of Inner Mongolia, Northeast China, the South and east slopes of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, the northern margin of Tarim Basin and the Southwest of China. The high and sub-high vulnerability areas are mainly distributed in the central and eastern parts of Inner Mongolia, the Hexi Corridor in Gansu, Northern Xinjiang, most of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Yunnan and eastern Sichuan. The high and sub-high risk areas for grassland drought are mainly located in the northeast of Inner Mongolia, the west of Northeast China, the North of Ningxia, the north edge of Tarim Basin, the South of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, Henan and Shandong. These results provide a theoretical framework and an initial scientifically-based evaluation for susceptibility to drought of grassland in China.

Key words: Chinese grassland, drought risk, risk assessmentt