草业学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (8): 1-12.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2021319
• 研究论文 •
收稿日期:
2021-08-25
修回日期:
2021-10-21
出版日期:
2022-08-20
发布日期:
2022-07-01
作者简介:
王莺(1984-),女,甘肃兰州人,副研究员,博士。E-mail: wangyn924@163.com
基金资助:
Ying WANG1(), Jian-shun WANG2, Qiang ZHANG1
Received:
2021-08-25
Revised:
2021-10-21
Online:
2022-08-20
Published:
2022-07-01
摘要:
干旱灾害是制约中国草原生产力的首要自然灾害。通过分析草原干旱风险的形成原因,收集气象、土壤、植被、地形地貌等数据,从干旱灾害的致灾因子危险性、承灾体暴露性和敏感性以及孕灾环境脆弱性入手,建立了草原干旱风险评价指标体系。采用熵权法确定各指标权重,构建了干旱风险评价模型。基于地理信息系统(GIS)空间分析功能,对中国草原进行了干旱风险评估与区划。结果表明,中国草原的较高危险区主要位于内蒙古地区、河西走廊、柴达木和塔里木盆地边缘、青藏高原西部以及云南地区。较高暴露区主要位于中国的西南和华南地区。较高敏感区主要位于内蒙古东南部、东北地区、青藏高原南部和东部边坡、塔里木盆地北边缘以及西南地区。较高脆弱区主要分布在内蒙古中部和东部、甘肃河西走廊、新疆北部、青藏高原大部分地区、云南和川东地区。较高干旱风险区主要位于内蒙古东北部、东北西部、宁夏北部、塔里木盆地北边缘、青藏高原南部、云贵高原、河南和山东地区。研究结果可为中国草原的科学抗旱提供基础数据与理论支撑。
王莺, 王健顺, 张强. 中国草原干旱灾害风险特征研究[J]. 草业学报, 2022, 31(8): 1-12.
Ying WANG, Jian-shun WANG, Qiang ZHANG. Drought risk status of grassland in China[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2022, 31(8): 1-12.
等级Grade | 类型Type | SPEI |
---|---|---|
1 | 轻旱Light drought | -1.0<SPEI≤-0.5 |
2 | 中旱Moderate drought | -1.5<SPEI≤-1.0 |
3 | 重旱Severe drought | -2.0<SPEI≤-1.5 |
4 | 特旱Extreme drought | SPEI≤-2.0 |
表1 标准化降水蒸散指数旱涝等级划分
Table 1 Classification standard of drought based on SPEI
等级Grade | 类型Type | SPEI |
---|---|---|
1 | 轻旱Light drought | -1.0<SPEI≤-0.5 |
2 | 中旱Moderate drought | -1.5<SPEI≤-1.0 |
3 | 重旱Severe drought | -2.0<SPEI≤-1.5 |
4 | 特旱Extreme drought | SPEI≤-2.0 |
草原类型Grassland type | 赋值Assignment | 草原类型Grassland type | 赋值Assignment |
---|---|---|---|
温性草甸草原 Temperate meadow grassland | 6.5 | 暖性灌草丛类 Warm shrub grass | 4.8 |
高寒草甸草原 Alpine meadow grassland | 6.0 | 热性灌草丛类 Thermal shrub grass | 4.5 |
温性草原 Temperate grassland | 7.5 | 干热稀树灌草丛类 Dry hot sparse shrub grass | 7.2 |
高寒草原 Alpine grassland | 7.0 | 低地草甸 Lowland meadow | 5.0 |
温性荒漠化草原 Temperate desertification grassland | 8.5 | 山地草甸 Mountain meadow | 5.3 |
高寒荒漠化草原 Alpine desertification grassland | 8.0 | 高寒草甸 Alpine meadow | 5.6 |
温性草原化荒漠 Temperate grassland desertification | 9.0 | 温性荒漠 Temperate desert | 10.0 |
暖性草丛类 Warm grass | 3.5 | 高寒荒漠 Alpine desert | 10.0 |
热性草丛类 Thermal grass | 3.0 | 沼泽 Swamp | 2.0 |
改良草地 Improved grassland | 1.0 |
表2 不同草原类型的干旱敏感性
Table 2 Drought sensitivity of different grassland types
草原类型Grassland type | 赋值Assignment | 草原类型Grassland type | 赋值Assignment |
---|---|---|---|
温性草甸草原 Temperate meadow grassland | 6.5 | 暖性灌草丛类 Warm shrub grass | 4.8 |
高寒草甸草原 Alpine meadow grassland | 6.0 | 热性灌草丛类 Thermal shrub grass | 4.5 |
温性草原 Temperate grassland | 7.5 | 干热稀树灌草丛类 Dry hot sparse shrub grass | 7.2 |
高寒草原 Alpine grassland | 7.0 | 低地草甸 Lowland meadow | 5.0 |
温性荒漠化草原 Temperate desertification grassland | 8.5 | 山地草甸 Mountain meadow | 5.3 |
高寒荒漠化草原 Alpine desertification grassland | 8.0 | 高寒草甸 Alpine meadow | 5.6 |
温性草原化荒漠 Temperate grassland desertification | 9.0 | 温性荒漠 Temperate desert | 10.0 |
暖性草丛类 Warm grass | 3.5 | 高寒荒漠 Alpine desert | 10.0 |
热性草丛类 Thermal grass | 3.0 | 沼泽 Swamp | 2.0 |
改良草地 Improved grassland | 1.0 |
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