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草业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (1): 1-16.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2024078

• 研究论文 •    

宁东煤炭基地排矸场人工植物群落优势种生态位和种间关系研究

侯晓磊1(), 武春丽1, 邓雅元1, 麻文章1, 赵廷宁1(), 曾文杰1, 巩子涵1, 芦治源1, 吴国伟2   

  1. 1.北京林业大学水土保持学院,北京 100083
    2.宁夏大学林业与草业学院,宁夏 银川 750000
  • 收稿日期:2024-03-16 修回日期:2024-05-08 出版日期:2025-01-20 发布日期:2024-11-04
  • 通讯作者: 赵廷宁
  • 作者简介:E-mail: zhtning@bjfu.edu.cn
    侯晓磊(1999-),女,山西阳泉人,在读硕士。E-mail: hxlbetter00@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划(2022BEG02001)

Niche and interspecific association of dominant plant species in artificial plant communities, the coal gangue dump of the Ningdong coal base, Middle East Ningxia

Xiao-lei HOU1(), Chun-li WU1, Ya-yuan DENG1, Wen-zhang MA1, Ting-ning ZHAO1(), Wen-jie ZENG1, Zi-han GONG1, Zhi-yuan LU1, Guo-wei WU2   

  1. 1.College of Soil and Water Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China
    2.College of Forestry and Prataculture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750000,China
  • Received:2024-03-16 Revised:2024-05-08 Online:2025-01-20 Published:2024-11-04
  • Contact: Ting-ning ZHAO

摘要:

为建立稳定的煤矸石山人工植被生态系统,以宁东煤炭基地排矸场生态恢复初期人工植物群落为研究对象,基于样方法调查地上植被,并计算灌草植物种重要值,采用生态位宽度、生态位相似性、生态位重叠值、方差比率、卡方检验、Spearman相关性检验方法对矿区植物群落优势种进行种间联结与相关性分析。结果表明:研究区灌草植物44种,隶属于9科36属,以禾本科、豆科、菊科、苋科为主。灌木植物生态位宽度与重要值排序不完全一致,但总体趋势一致,以猫头刺和柠条锦鸡儿为优势种;草本植物生态位宽度与重要值排序一致,以雾冰藜和紫花苜蓿为优势种。灌木层与草本层植物总体联结性的方差比率值均大于1,其中灌木层植物种间呈显著正联结,草本层种间联结性不显著。综上,生态恢复区植物群落处于演替前期或中期阶段,种间竞争平缓,宁东煤炭基地植被配置应选择与优势植物种呈正联结的植物,形成稳定的植物群落结构,提高矿区生态恢复效率。

关键词: 生态位, 种间关系, 优势植物种, 排矸场, 宁东

Abstract:

Ecological restoration is an important part of mining operations. The aim of this study was to analyze the plant community at the initial stage of ecological restoration in the gangue yard at the Ningdong coal base, with an overall goal to establish a stable artificial vegetation ecosystem on the coal gangue hills. The aboveground vegetation was sampled using a quadrat method, and the importance values of shrubs and grasses were calculated. The niche width, niche similarity, niche overlap, and variance ratio were calculated. Chi-squared and Spearman’s correlation analyses were used to explore the interspecific associations among, and correlations between, dominant species in the plant community in the mining area. The results showed that there were 44 species of shrubs and grasses in the study area, belonging to nine families and 36 genera. The main plant families were Poaceae, Fabaceae, Asteraceae, and Amaranthaceae. The niche width and importance value rankings of shrub species were not completely consistent, but the overall trend was consistent, with Oxytropis aciphylla and Caragana korshinskii being the dominant species. The niche width and importance value rankings of herbaceous species were consistent, with Grubovia dasyphylla and Medicago sativa being the dominant species. The variance ratio of the overall association between shrubs and herbaceous plants was greater than one. There was a significant positive association among shrub species, whereas the association among herbaceous species was not significant. In conclusion, the plant community in the ecological restoration area is in the early or middle stage of succession, with weak interspecific competition. When designing an ecological restoration strategy for the Ningdong coal base, plants positively associated with dominant species should be selected to form a stable plant community structure, thereby improving the efficiency of ecological restoration in this mining area.

Key words: niche, interspecific association, dominant plant species, gangue dump, Ningdong