Effect of urea fertilizer on growth and performance of Cleistogenes songorica turfgrass

doi:10.11686/cyxb20140617

Abstract

Abstract: The effects of different urea application rates (0, 2, 5 and 8 g/m²) on turf color, plant height, leaf width, relative leaf water content, nitrogen content and green period of Cleistogenes songorica turfgrass were studied. Urea fertilizer promoted the growth rate of plants and leaves, increased N and relative leaf water content, improved turf color, enhanced turf quality and prolonged the green period significantly. Turf quality under 5 and 8 g/m² treatments was significantly greater than that under 0 and 2 g/m² treatments, and the main contributing factors were improved turf color during the growth period and extension of the green period for 18 d at least. Compared with the 0 g/m² treatment, the 8 g/m² treatment increased the cut grass 6 times, which more than doubled lawn management costs while the 5 g/m² treatment only increased the cut grass 2 times, which would reduce costs of lawn management. Hence, the optimum rate of urea fertilizer was 5 g/m² for this turfgrass species.

CLC Number:

S812.4

LI Xin-yong,WANG Yan-rong,JIA Cun-zhi. Effect of urea fertilizer on growth and performance of Cleistogenes songorica turfgrass[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2014, 23(6): 136-141.

References

Reference：
[1]Zhou Z Y. Desert grassland class la shan primary nutrition type research[M]. Lanzhou: Gansu science and technology press, 1990.
[2]Wei X. Relationship between planting density and seed yield,and turf-used properties of Cleistogenes songorica [D]. Lanzhou : Lanzhou University, 2010.
[3]Yu X J, Wang Y R, Zeng Y J, et al.Effects of temperature and osmotic potential on seed germination of Cleistogenes songorica and Plantago lessingii[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2004, 24(5): 883-887.
[4]Yu X J, Wang Y R, Zhang J Q, et al. Studies on dormancy characteristics of Cleistogenes songorica and Plantago lessingii seed and some methods for breaking it[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2004, 13(6): 45-49.
[5]Institute of botany ,the chinese academy of science. Chinese higher plant field guide (Volume 5)[M]. Beijing: science press, 1976.
[6]Zeng Y J. Effects of grazing and fenced non-grazing on propagation of Reaumuria soongorica and Cleistogenes songorica populations [D]. Lanzhou : Lanzhou University, 2005.
[7]Wu Y P, Wang Y R, Hu X W, et al.Effects of enclosing on non-structure carbohydrate of cleistogenes songorica[J]. Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica, 2007, 27(11): 2298-2305.
[8]Li X, Mao K, Xio X. Progress in research on cold tolerance of warm-season turfgrass[J]. Progress in Research on Cold Tolerance of Warm-season Turfgrass, 2000, (4): 53-58.
[9]Sun X X, Lin W X. The measure of improving the quality of Zoysia spp. turfgrass in winter[J]. Pratacultural Science, 2006, 2(3): 98-103.
[10]Liu L, Mao K, Gan Y M, et al. Growth regulators and warm-season turf[J]. Pratacultural Science, 2004, 21(2): 70-74.
[11]Voigt T B, Fermanian T W. Selecting kentucky bluegrass cultivars[J]. Crop Science, 1998, 38: 1035-1041.
[12]Bowman D C, Chemey C T, Rufth T W. Fate and transport of nitrogen applied to six warm-season turfgrass[J]. Crop Science, 2002, 42(3): 833-841.
[13]Zhang H S. Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on growth performance and green period prolonging of cold-season turfgrass[D]. Lanzhou:College of Pratacultural Science, Gansu Agricultural University, 2006.
[14]Burghardt H, Ellering K. Influence of fertilizer type and weather throughout the year on the nutrient supply of turf[J]. Rasen Grunflachen Begrunungen, 1987, 18(3): 72-77.
[15]Bian X J, Hu L, Li X L, et al.Effect of nitrogen and potassium levels on the growth and turf quality of perennial ryegrass[J]. Pratacultural Science, 2000, 9(1): 55-59.
[16]Bi Y F, Yang H S, Sun J X. The effect of establishing and managing factors on the density of sportfield turf[J]. Pratacultural Science, 1995, 12(2): 64-70.
[17]Raimikioo K, Kaneko A E. Effect of fertility rates and growth and turf quality of perennial in winter[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 1993, 16(8): 1531-1538.
[18]Canaway P W. The response of renovated turf of Lolium perenne to fertilizer nitrogen[J]. Journal of The Sports Turf Research Insititute, 1985, 6(1): 92-99.
[19]Gu J l, Bian X J, Xu K , et al. Effects of different slow/controlled release nitrogen fertilizer on tall fescue turf growth and nitrogen volatilization[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2013, 22(2): 235-242.
[20]Zou Q, Plant Physiology experimental guidance[M]. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 2000: 11-12.
[21]Zheng H J, Hua G, Gao Z G. A study on indices system and assessmentof turf quality[J]. Journal of Capital Normal University(Natural Sciences Edition), 2003, 24(1): 78-82.
[22]Peng Y, Zhou S R. Effects of nitrogen sources on Kentuckyblue grass[J]. Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University, 2001, 19(1): 40-43.
[23]Jiang H D, Sun X F, Cao W X. Effects of fertilization on oversummer of tall fescue[J]. Journal of Plant Resources and Environment, 2000, 9(4): 44-47.
[24]Wang H Z, Zhang J, Wu J Z, et al. Effect of different levels of nitrogen on physiological characteristics of flag leaves and grain yield of wheat[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2013, 22(4): 69-75.
[25]White R H. Extending bermudagrass greening on athletic fields proceedings[J]. Virginia Turfgrass Conference and Tusde Show, 1987, 27: 31.
[26]Zhang X M, Zou Y, Han L B, et al. Effects of urea application on soil nitrogen and turf grass growth in mixed cool season lawn[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2009, 25(2): 128-132.
[27]Gross C M, Angle J S, Weterlen M S. Nutrients and sediment losses from turfgrass[J]. Journal of Environmental Quality, 1990, 19: 663-668.
[28]Ma W, Wang C Y. Growth and physiological indices for drought resistance on introduced cold-season turfgrasses[J]. Pratacultural Science, 2001, 18(2): 57-61.
[29]Du J X, Hou X Y, Liu J R.A study on physiological response to drought and re-watering treatments in Kentucky bluegrass[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2010, 19(2): 31-38.
[30]Hsiao T C. Plant responses to water stress[J]. Annual Review of Plant Physiology, 1973, 24: 519-570.
[31]Lehman V G, Engelke M C, White R H. Leaf water potential and relative water content variation in creeping bentgrasses clones[J]. Crop Science, 1993, 33: 1350-1353.
[32]Huang B R, Duncan R R, Carrow R N. Drought resistance mechanisms of seven warm season turfgrass under surface soil drying: I. shoot response[J]. Crop Science, 1997, 38: 1858-1863.
[33]Zhao H M, Liu J, Yang Z M.Effect of summer high temperature on turf qualities of different Poa pratensis varieties[J]. Pratacultural Science, 2010, 27(1): 4-10.
[34]Peng Y, Li Z. Effects of drought preconditioning on physiological responses to heat stress in two Kentucky bluegrasses[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2013, 22(5): 229-238.
[35]Zhou W Z. Sustained-release lawn fertilizer application on the primary cold season lawn[J]. Soils and Fertilizers, 1999， (3): 44.
[36]Li Z Q, Han J G, Chen H, et al. Effects of perforation and fertilization on the turf quality of Kentucky bluegrass[J]. Pratacultural Science, 2000, 17(6): 71-76.
[37]Liu Y J, Han J G, Liu Y K.Effects of various fertilization treatments on turf quality of tall fescue[J]. Chinese Journal of Grassland, 2001, 23(6): 27-33.
[38]Hulke B S. Winter hardiness and turf quality of accessions of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) from public collections[J]. Crop Science, 2007, 47(4): 1596-1602.
[39]Richardson M D. Turf quality and freezing tolerance of ‘Tifway’ bermudagrass as affected by late-season N and trinex apac-ethyl[J]. Crop Science, 2002, 42(5): 1621-1626.

参考文献：
[1]周志宇. 阿拉善荒漠草地类初级营养类型研究[M]. 兰州: 甘肃科学技术出版社, 1990.
[2]魏学. 无芒隐子草种子产量与植株密度的关系及坪用特性的研究[D]. 兰州: 兰州大学, 2010.
[3]鱼小军, 王彦荣, 曾彦军, 等. 温度和水分对无芒隐子草和条叶车前种子萌发的影响[J]. 生态学报, 2004, 24(5): 883-887.
[4]鱼小军, 王彦荣, 张建全, 等. 无芒隐子草和条叶车前种子破除休眠研究[J]. 草业学报, 2004, 13(6): 45-49.
[5]中国科学院北京植物研究所. 中国高等植物图鉴(第五册)[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1976.
[6]曾彦军. 放牧和封育对红砂和无芒隐子草种群繁殖的影响[D]. 兰州: 兰州大学, 2005.
[7]武艳培, 王彦荣, 胡小文, 等. 围栏封育对无芒隐子草非结构性碳水化合物的影响[J]. 西北植物学报, 2007, 27(11): 2298-2305.
[8]李西, 毛凯, 熊曦. 暖季型草坪草抗寒性研究进展[J]. 中国草地, 2000, (4): 53-58.
[9]孙小霞, 林文雄. 提高结缕草草坪冬季坪用质量的措施[J]. 草业科学, 2006, 2(3): 98-103.
[10]刘琳, 毛凯, 干友民, 等. 生长调节剂在暖季型草坪中的研究应用[J]. 草业科学, 2004, 21(2): 70-74.
[11]Voigt T B, Fermanian T W. Selecting kentucky bluegrass cultivars[J]. Crop Science, 1998, 38: 1035-1041.
[12]Bowman D C, Chemey C T, Rufth T W. Fate and transport of nitrogen applied to six warm-season turfgrass[J]. Crop Science, 2002, 42(3): 833-841.
[13]张鹤山. 施氮对冷季型混播草坪草生长特性的影响及延长绿期的效果[D]. 兰州：甘肃农业大学, 2006.
[14]Burghardt H, Ellering K. Influence of fertilizer type and weather throughout the year on the nutrient supply of turf[J]. Rasen Grunflachen Begrunungen, 1987, 18(3): 72-77.
[15]边秀举, 胡林, 李晓林, 等. 不同氮钾用量对多年生黑麦草草坪的影响[J]. 草业科学, 2000, 9(1): 55-59.
[16]毕玉芬, 杨恒山, 孙吉雄. 建坪与管理因素对运动场草坪密度影响的研究[J]. 草业科学, 1995, 12(2): 64-70.
[17]Raimikioo K, Kaneko A E. Effect of fertility rates and growth and turf quality of perennial in winter[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 1993, 16(8): 1531-1538.
[18]Canaway P W. The response of renovated turf of Lolium perenne to fertilizer nitrogen[J]. Journal of The Sports Turf Research Insititute, 1985, 6(1): 92-99.
[19]谷佳林, 边秀举, 徐凯, 等. 不同缓控释氮肥对高羊茅草坪生长及氮素挥发的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2013, 22(2): 235-242.
[20]邹奇. 植物生理学实验指导[M]. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2000: 11-12.
[21]郑海金, 华珞, 高占国. 草坪质量的指标体系与评价方法[J]. 首都师范大学学报, 2003, 24(1): 78-82.
[22]彭燕, 周寿荣. 亨特草地早熟禾草坪施氮效应[J]. 四川农业大学学报, 2001, 19(1): 40-43.
[23]江海东, 孙小芳, 曹卫星. 施肥对高羊茅草坪越夏的影响[J]. 植物资源与环境学报, 2000, 9(4): 44-47.
[24]王贺正, 张均, 吴金芝, 等. 不同氮素水平对小麦旗叶生理特性和产量的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2013, 22(4): 69-75.
[25]White R H. Extending bermudagrass greening on athletic fields proceedings[J]. Virginia Turfgrass Conference and Tusde Show, 1987, 27: 31.
[26]章学梅, 邹妍, 韩烈保, 等. 不同尿素施肥水平对北方混播草坪中土壤各形态氮的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2009, 25(2): 128-132.
[27]Gross C M, Angle J S, Weterlen M S. Nutrients and sediment losses from turfgrass[J]. Journal of Environmental Quality, 1990, 19: 663-668.
[28]马袆, 王彩云. 几种引进冷季型草坪草的生长及抗旱生理指标[J]. 草业科学, 2001, 18(2): 57-61.
[29]杜建雄, 侯向阳, 刘金荣. 草地早熟禾对干旱及旱后复水的生理响应研究[J]. 草业学报, 2010, 19(2): 31-38.
[30]Hsiao T C. Plant responses to water stress[J]. Annual Review of Plant Physiology, 1973, 24: 519-570.
[31]Lehman V G, Engelke M C, White R H. Leaf water potential and relative water content variation in creeping bentgrasses clones[J]. Crop Science, 1993, 33: 1350-1353.
[32]Huang B R, Duncan R R, Carrow R N. Drought resistance mechanisms of seven warm season turfgrass under surface soil drying: I. shoot response[J]. Crop Science, 1997, 38: 1858-1863.
[33]赵海明, 刘君, 杨志民. 夏季高温对不同草地早熟禾品种坪用质量的影响[J]. 草业科学, 2010, 27(1): 4-10.
[34]彭燕, 李州. 干旱预处理对抗旱性不同的2个草地早熟禾品种耐热性能的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2013, 22(5): 229-238.
[35]周文珍. 缓释型草坪肥在冷季型草坪上应用初级[J]. 土堆肥料, 1999， (3): 44.
[36]李志强, 韩建国, 陈怀, 等. 打孔和施肥处理对草地早熟禾草坪质量的影响[J]. 草业科学, 2000, 17(6): 71-76.
[37]刘玉杰, 韩建国, 刘雨坤. 不同施肥处理对高羊茅草坪质量的影响[J]. 中国草地, 2001, 23(6): 27-33.
[38]Hulke B S. Winter hardiness and turf quality of accessions of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) from public collections[J]. Crop Science, 2007, 47(4): 1596-1602.
[39]Richardson M D. Turf quality and freezing tolerance of ‘Tifway’ bermudagrass as affected by late-season N and trinex apac-ethyl[J]. Crop Science, 2002, 42(5): 1621-1626.

