Abstract: Disease-resistant grasses can serve as a germplasm resource to breed resistant varieties of wheat and forage grasses. The aim of this study was to screen populations of Roegneria kamoji for their resistance to two common pathogens, stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis) and powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis). Adult plants of 34 populations of R. kamoji (33 wild germplasms, and one cultivated variety) from domestic regions or introduced from overseas were evaluated to determine their resistance to the two pathogens in field trials. The degree of disease resistance differed among the 34 populations. Among the 34 populations of R. kamoji infected by stripe rust, the disease severity ranged from 11.49% to 50.46%, the disease incidence ranged from 19.85% to 74.24%, and the disease index ranged from 2.63-37.60, with a coefficient of variation of 30.01%, 26.54%, and 49.67%, respectively. The infection type range and occurrence degree index range were 1-4 and 1-5, respectively. The disease indexes were significantly positively correlated (P<0.01). In cluster analyses based on the above indexes, the 34 populations of R. kamoji clustered into four groups: highly resistant (HR), moderately resistant (MR), moderately susceptible (MS), and highly susceptible (HS). The proportion of the 34 populations in the HR, MR, MS, and HS groups was 17.65%, 11.76%, 50.00%, and 20.59%, respectively. In the powdery mildew field trial, the range of infection type, disease severity, and ratio of diseased plants for the 34 populations of R. kamoji was 0-4, 0%-60% and 0%-100%, respectively. The proposed resistance classifications were as follows: 12 populations for HR, 5 populations for MR, 11 populations for MS, and 6 populations for HS (35.29%, 14.71%, 32.35%, and 17.65% of the populations, respectively). These results show that the accessions ZY 1007 and Pr 87-88 344 are resistant to both stripe rust and powdery mildew. Therefore, these accessions would be excellent resources for breeding disease-resistant wheat crops and forage grasses.